HRP930973A2 - Process and plant for drying and/or burning tiles - Google Patents

Abstract

A process is disclosed for drying and/or baking raw bricks. Each raw brick (2) is arranged per se on a transport means for drying (12) and/or baking (20) at such a distance from the other raw bricks that all raw bricks react as individual bricks during drying and/or baking.

Description

The invention relates to a process and plant for drying and/or firing raw bricks.

The usual way to dry raw bricks is to stack the raw bricks on a pallet in many layers one above the other and drive them to the drying room. The disadvantage of this method of drying is that a lot of energy and time is spent until the innermost part of the brick is completely dry, if this condition occurs at all. And the baking of dried raw bricks is carried out mainly in this way, which also requires a large expenditure of energy and time.

It is known that raw brick by itself has a certain duration of drying and firing, which depends on the chemical minerological and ceramic composition and shape, which cannot be reduced by any manipulations. So that this time does not have to be exceeded, a different way of arranging the bricks should be chosen than the one usually applied and related to the mentioned shortcomings, which is preferred in one-layer stacking.

DE-C5 27 58 847 shows a plant for the continuous production of baked brick forms, in which a tunnel dryer and a tunnel kiln for baking are located one above the other in the housing, where the shaped parts pass through the dryer and the oven in a counter-current manner. Shaped pieces are arranged in a single layer on transport devices, especially to avoid frequent damage during production with multi-layer stacked shaped pieces during the transition from the drying area to the baking area. With this arrangement, scrap is reduced to a minimum, because the molded parts remain on the same trolley during the entire drying and baking period.

For this type of plant, carts are used for the baking area adapted to this purpose and equipped at great expense, so that they can withstand high temperatures even in the drying phase. This is why this plant is expensive, because the production of such carts is expensive, and their transport in the drying zone requires excessive energy consumption. The purpose of the present invention is to reduce to a minimum the required amount of air required for baking and/or drying, and to come closer to the physical limits due to the chemical and ceramic composition as well as the shape of the raw piece in relation to the duration of drying and baking of the raw piece for drying and baking many raw pieces in an automated facility.

The invention further has the task of reducing emissions and creating a plant for drying and baking bricks that is convenient for maintenance. The task of the invention is to place each raw piece by itself in such a mutual distance on the means of transport for drying and/or baking, that all raw pieces behave as individual parts during drying and/or baking.

The process according to the invention allows that, due to the aforementioned placement of the raw pieces and due to the raw material and shape, the predetermined minimum drying time

also during firing, it enables the bricks to leave the plant undamaged and completely dried and fired with a minimal amount of air and minimal emissions, which again results in a reduction of the total consumption of the plant.

The method according to the invention is used in the drying and/or firing of bricks with vertical holes, where each raw piece is placed in a single layer behind the transport means for drying and/or firing so that the raw pieces are placed in rows, where during drying Due to the distance between the rows, air inlet and outlet channels can be created alternatively. Bricks can be one-way flowed in this way, because air is forced through vertical holes during drying, and especially during firing.

The method is further preferably characterized in that the distance between the green pieces against each other within one row can be chosen to be less than or at most equal to four times the wall thickness of the outer shell of the vertical hole brick. This improves the symmetrical flow of individual bricks and avoids the occurrence of one-sided suction, which can lead to uneven processing of bricks.

A particular advantage of this is that the air flow between the raw pieces on all the obstructing sides is equally great. The procedure is further characterized by the fact that bricks with vertical holes can be placed with the holes transverse to the direction of transport or in the direction of transport or also perpendicular to the direction of transport. Each of these selected positions brings special advantages for the flow of the bricks and guarantees quick and complete drying and firing of the bricks.

A particular advantage is that the organization of the placement of bricks for drying and firing is chosen equally, which saves time, because no change in location is required when performing both drying and firing, so the procedure is compact.

A further feature of the procedure is that the channels are assigned an alternating means for forcing air, or sucking air through, or from horizontally located vertical holes. The redirection of the air and thus its strictly given direction of flow through the height holes guarantees a more favorable and complete drying of the bricks, since they are thereby completely circulated and obstructed by air. Preferably, with baked bricks, the hot gases coming out of the burner are pressed in; in the channels between the bricks with height holes, whereby the combustion air can be guided additionally and laterally to the bricks with height holes, in order to achieve even faster firing.

This blowing and exhausting of air is suitable especially if the bricks with their height holes are placed transversely to the direction of transport of the means of transport. When placing bricks with height holes placed vertically to the direction of transport during drying and firing, counter-directional air or hot gas currents are preferably carried out in adjacent brick rows through the height holes.

In this case, counter-directional air or hot gas currents are preferably carried out through vertical holes in adjacent rows of bricks. In this case, at least two rows of bricks are flowed with the same air, preferably air for drying or a stream of hot gases flows through several rows of bricks, preferably the entire transport stroke.

In the sense of the invention, drying and baking follow in the same direction of transport, which is especially important for both delivery and unloading of bricks, since this part of the process enables the supervision of all operations from one place and only by one person.

Furthermore, in terms of the invention, it is provided that the air for drying, that is, the hot gases coming from the burner, are conditioned towards the cuts.

Each brick according to the invention is freshly treated as an individual part and can be worked with less air and make better use of it, which means that it can be worked 10 to 20% wetter below the dew point. Regarding the degree of saturation, one can go to the physical limits of air. The implementation follows that the channel of the dryer is divided into sections or zones, where, for example, one zone corresponds to one cart. The air applied per zone is prepared in the mixing chamber, which is supplied with moist air from the front and hot air from the back, which is mixed.

In this way, less air is used, which keeps emissions low.

Conditioning according to cuts is used in drying and can be done with lower temperatures, since the appropriate temperatures can. be brought closer to the minimum value, which is applied to achieve complete firing of clay pots. In this way, the longitudinal flow through the channels of the furnace is avoided, as is the case with the state of the art, and it creates preferred zones where cross currents predominate.

The method according to the invention is further indicated by the fact that the air for drying and/or the hot gases coming from the burner are always brought from both ends of the supply and exhaust ducts, where the inlet velocities of the duct ends of the supplied air or hot gases are different . In this way, air flow speeds can be controlled above the arrangement of bricks, which enables sorting over certain areas.

The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the process with a dryer of at least one drying channel and preferably a baking oven, in which a transport means for drying is placed in the drying channel, always moving according to the clock, as well as in the channel of the baking oven transport baking tool to accept raw pieces.

The task of the invention is to build a plant compared to conventional plants, to make it as small as possible, to reduce construction time and production costs. In addition, the plant should be made suitable for maintenance, in order to avoid damages that occur when switching on and off such plants and which can allow the plant to stand still for up to a month, without causing large costs.

The upcoming invention solves the task by preferably placing the dryer channel and the baking oven next to each other, so that the transport means move in the same direction when drying or baking the bricks, which enables the drying channel and the baking channel to be filled from one side and that in the dryer, the nozzles for air intake and exhaust are placed alternately, i.e. in the baking oven in rows.

The invention further provides that the dryer includes two, one above the other, mutually separate starting channels and in the tunnel oven two, one above the other, mutually separate channels for baking.

According to further implementation examples, one return channel is provided below the starting channels for loaded transport means until drying and one parallel to it, but outside the tunnel oven, for the return of loaded transport means until firing.

According to the invention, the predetermined direction of movement of the transport means preferably enables the positioning of service personnel only on one side of the plant and thus simple monitoring of the replenishment as well as the reloading of dried bricks onto the transport means for transport to firing. In the case of a broken brick, the break can be easily established. On the other hand, the baked brick can already cool down during the return transport. According to this embodiment, the place for packing the bricks is also located on this side of the plant and also lies in the field of vision of the serving staff, which can be considerably reduced as a result.

The means of transporting bricks themselves are derived from carts, belts, airbags or sticks.

In terms of the invention, the transport means for baking can have a floor for receiving bricks, where narrowed and mostly inverted V-forming guiding devices are placed between the bricks in the channels in the direction of the channel covers.

Due to the preference of fireclay of the existing guiding devices, the direction of the air current is forced in which the guiding device is used, if the height holes are in the direction and transverse to the direction of transport.

According to another exemplary embodiment, in the upper area of the dryer, alternating suction or pressure bodies are provided with a distance from each other, where the suction or pressure bodies can be lowered and raised again in the direction of the channel between the bricks.

In accordance with the invention, the suction and pressure bodies themselves are made as rectangular hollow bodies provided in the upper area with an air supply line or suction line, which have openings for air outlet or air inlet on the opposite side surfaces.

Through this arrangement, a further possibility was created for the direct flow of vertical holes. According to a further embodiment, a cover is placed above the bricks, which has gaps for the passage of suction or pressure bodies.

According to the second version, nozzles for air supply or air removal during drying and/or burners during baking are arranged in each transport stroke in the area of the channels for the formation of air or hot gas rock. This also guarantees favorable flow through the vertical holes and uniform drying or firing of the bricks.

When placing height holes vertically against the direction of transport, it is preferably provided that the floor of the transport means for drying is equipped with cuts, which are arranged next to each other in such a way that on the remaining strip surface there is room on the edges for placing two bricks of one row made of bricks, that alternating devices for blowing and sucking air are located in the openings or under the floor with openings and that in the upper area of the dryer there are openings corresponding to the openings, where two of these openings are always connected, in order to enable the redirection of air .

From below, through the height holes of the bricks, the blown air flows into the cuts located in the upper area of the drying channel, of which two side-lying ones are always connected to each other, so that the air is redirected and flows through the height holes of the next row of bricks.

It is preferred that the air enters from both sides on the drying channel, where the air inlet velocities of both inlets are variable. By varying the air inlet velocities, the air inlet can be arbitrarily moved across the channel width.

Due to the utilization of the total capacity of the plant, the means of transport that pass through the drying channel and/or the baking channel according to the invention are guided closely behind each other and pass through the channels in one transport cycle of, for example, between 5 and 10 minutes.

The plant according to the invention, indicated by the fact that it further includes a transport means for baking, the floor of which has cuts arranged in such a way that two bricks of one row can always be placed in their edge areas on the remaining strip part, while alternating burners or suction devices are placed in the openings , and in the baking channel above the bricks there is a cover, which allows air to be redirected.

The used burners are preferably high-speed, which can preferably be turned on and off within the shortest time without a regeneration or starting break.

According to a further feature of the invention, the cover is shaped in waves, where one wave always covers two adjacent rows of bricks. It is similar to air rotation during drying, where the flow of the same gases through two rows of bricks is also guaranteed. It is preferred that one gas stream flows, which affects all rows of the transport tract.

The transport vehicle for baking according to the invention can have a full floor provided with elements for stacking bricks.

In another embodiment, an air supply pipe with an air outlet gap, which is pivoted around its axis, is located in the upper area of one or more drying channels.

Due to this design, it is also possible to control the direction of the air outlet.

The plant according to the invention preferably includes, based on the performance, both for the dryer and for the baking oven on the input side, transport means for drying or baking in the plant, a common emission device.

In the case of conventional plants, the emission sources are separated for the dryers and the baking channel, while in the case of the invention, the emission export is reduced to one emission export.

This can be done, because the filling of the channel is done only on one side, which enables the emission sources, which are conditioned by the plant, to always be placed on the filling side.

According to a further design of the plant, this is performed on the entrance side of the transport means for drying or baking with a tandem catcher, where the dried and baked bricks brought back to the lowest level of the plant are always moved together through the corresponding return devices of the plant.

In this case, the returned fired bricks are placed in the lowest level in front of the firing channel, while the dried and fired groups of bricks are moved together with a tandem catcher, where the dried bricks cross the firing channel together, where the bricks are fired and then brought to the packaging location .

The invention is described in more detail on the basis of practical examples using the attached drawings in which

Figure 1 shows a view of the schematic layout of the bricks on the means of transport

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of one section according to Figure 1

Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the plant according to the invention

Figure 4 shows a section of the plant dryer according to Figure 3

Figure 5 shows a cross-section through two baking channels placed one above the other according to Figure 3

Figure 6 shows the suction or pressure body of the plant according to the invention

Figure 7 shows a section through the layout of the bricks

Figure 8 shows a section through the upper area of the duct with the air supply pipe

Figure 9a shows a schematic longitudinal section through an embodiment of the dryer channel

Figure 9b shows a schematic view of the air supply in the dryer duct

Figure 10 shows a longitudinal schematic section through the embodiment of the furnace channel

Figure 11 shows an embodiment of a plant with a tandem catcher

Figure 1 shows a transport device 1 in the form of a cart, on which bricks 2 for drying or baking are arranged in rows 5 in a single layer. Bricks with height holes are preferably used, where the height holes 4 of brick 2 can be laid transversely to the direction of transport T or in the direction of transport of the means of transport or perpendicular to it.

Figure 2 shows a brick with height holes, which has height holes laid transversely to the direction of transport. The vertical holes are of different sizes and cross-sections ranging from round to oblong with a similar spacing. Between rows 3 and bricks 2 are channels K preferably for air supply and exhaust as well as for blowing in hot gases. Bricks of one row 3 are placed next to each other with a distance b, which is smaller or at most equal to four times the thickness of the wall B of the outer shell of the brick with vertical holes, preferably smaller.

Through this arrangement of bricks, where the spacing of the bricks of one row is relatively small compared to the spacing of the rows, the dissipation losses are small. The air supplied to the bricks for drying flows as shown in Figure 4 into another channel K, which is made up of rows 3 of bricks 2, and is forced out of these through vertical holes 4 and after the exit is sucked out again from the next horizontal channel, which is followed by alternating compression and suction of air. During firing, according to Figure 5 shown in the embodiment, hot gases exit the burner into channels K. Bricks lie in the embodiments according to Figures 1, 4 and 5 on the floor 5 of the trolley. Belts, air cushions or sticks can also be used as a means of transporting bricks. Regardless of the type of means of transport, it is only important that the brick is evenly distributed and distributed from all sides. One solution to this task was achieved in particular because the spacing of the bricks within row 3 is chosen to be less than or at most equal to four times the thickness of wall B of the outer shell of bricks with height holes (Figure 2). This avoids excessive air flow through this area, since, for example, the action of the suction action is interrupted. In the event that the means of transport is made as a trolley, it includes, as shown in Figure 4, wheels located laterally, which move on rails 7 located in the channel 13,14 of the dryer 8.

Figure 5 shows transport carts in the baking channels 9a and 9b, which are equipped on the underside of the cart with wheels 6 that move on rails 7 in the floor of each baking channel. The mentioned placement of bricks guarantees that all bricks undergo the drying or firing process, as if they were exposed individually in that process.

Figure 3 shows the entire plant for drying and firing bricks. The plant includes a preparation area 10 and a room 11, in which a mixture of raw material is produced on the one hand and which is connected to the production of fresh raw bricks by means of an extrusion press and a cut-off device. The bricks are then transferred to the transport means 12 for drying and pass through the dryer 8.

The dryer 8 is preferably constructed in multiple floors and includes, as shown in Figure 4, two starting channels 13,14 located one above the other in which the transport means 12 are guided, one to the other in two floors and in one direction. A transport beat is preferably moved in which the transport means is pulled forward in one area between 5 and 10 minutes, which means that within this time period one cart with finished bricks of one channel is left, while one cart is pushed into the channel, during which the beats space both channels opposite each other. Each channel 13 and 14, as shown in Figure 4, is provided with several nozzles 15 and 16 for air supply and exhaust, which either press the air between one of the rows 3 of the formed channel K, or suck it out from the adjacent channel K.

In this way, rows of air rocks 15a and 16a are formed. Below these two, one above the other, the starting channels 13 and 14, there is a return channel 17 for loaded transport means 12. The above-described design of one starting channel is particularly suitable for placing bricks with height holes directed in the direction or transversely to the direction of transport. When placing vertical holes perpendicular to the direction of transport, where there are logically two variants to choose from, the arrangement shown in Figure 9a is suitable. When leaving the initial channels, the means of transport are lowered using the lowering device 18 and transported again through the return channel 17 to the exit side of the dryer 8. For the duration of this return time, the bricks may not be completely dried due to unforeseen circumstances, such as e.g. due to some not quite correct recipe, it needs to be dried later. A monitoring station 19 is provided at the front of the plant, which can preferably be supervised by only one person for the purpose of convenient observation from one side of the completion of both the drying and baking processes.

Drying bricks from each return channel 17 of the exiting means of transport 12, are transferred for firing to the further means of transport 20.

The tunnel furnace 9 preferably also consists of two firing channels 9a and 9b placed one above the other. For the case shown in Figure 5, the firing channels are suitable for firing bricks with height holes directed transversely or in the direction of transport, provided with ceiling burners 25, which are fed via the gas supply 26. Ceiling burners are small burners evenly distributed over the surface, and are preferably channel oriented. Further, the burners are connected to their own burner fan 27. The burners are further connected to their own burner fan 27 and, as shown in Figure 5, they can also be located on the sides of the channel. This guarantees comprehensive baking.

After exiting the transport means 20 from the furnace tunnel, the transport means 20 is lowered by means of a device 21 and via a device 22 provided for the return of the transport means running parallel to the furnace, outside the device 21, moved laterally and brought back to the area of the monitoring station 19. This return the management is particularly advantageous, as the baked bricks have a buffer during which they can cool.

The bricks therefore arrive relatively cold to the packing station 23 at the end of the return of the transport means, and can therefore be packed without any problems. The air supply shown in Figure 4 using air walls is only one of the implementation forms.

Thus, for example, as shown in Figure 6, suction or pressure bodies 28 can be used, which are supplied with air through the air duct 29 or which suck out air coming out of the brick. These bodies are hollow bodies and can be lowered or raised again in the channels K between the rows that make up the bricks.

The pressure bodies 28 are provided with a larger number of outlet openings 30, through which the drying air is forced out of the body on both sides through the vertical holes of the bricks, which is sucked out again in the adjacent row. According to one preferred embodiment, these suction or pressure bodies are preferably located transversely to the direction of transport and must be lifted again from channel K during further movement of the cart for one transport stroke.

A further embodiment is possible, as shown schematically in Figure 7, in which guiding devices 31 are arranged in a row between the bricks, which taper upwards in the form of an upside-down letter V, thereby influencing the direction of air flow from the nozzle 52. Due to such controlled air guidance, optimal flow of bricks is guaranteed. Due to the high temperatures that occur during brick firing, guiding devices are preferably made of fireclay.

A further possibility is shown in Figure 8, which shows an air supply pipe 33 provided with a gap 34, through which air can be blown onto the bricks. The air supply pipe 33 is rotatable around its axis, and a limited area of the brick can be covered with it.

In a preferred way, a cover 55 is placed above the bricks in the channel, in order to minimize the loss of the supplied air. The cover is equipped with gaps, to guarantee air supply and exhaust. If the layout of the bricks follows, as was stated at the beginning with the height holes 4, which stand vertically against the direction of transport T, then the designs for the dryer or the baking oven are selected, as shown in Figures 9a, 9b and 10.

Figure 9 shows a section through the starting channel in the direction of transport, where the bricks 2 rest on the means of transport, which is provided with side openings 36, where the bricks rest with their edge areas on the remaining strip surfaces 37. The transport cycles of the means of transport are chosen so that the opening 36 stops right above the blowing device 38, that is, the suction unit 39, which is located in the floor of the channel. The air is blown via the device 38 through the height holes of the bricks 2 and guided through the bricks above the openings in the area of the channel feet. Every two such cuts 40 are connected to each other via a channel 41, thereby redirecting the air through the height holes of the adjacent rows of bricks and again pressing it down and bringing it to the suction device 39.

According to the embodiment shown in Figure 9a, alternating blowing and suction devices are shown. In the preferred way, the air supplied once is applied over the entire stroke, this means that the dryer channel is divided into zones, whereby in the case of too moist air - after many passes, the same air is brought to regeneration via the "bypass". Through the fact that each brick treats batches as individual bricks, can be operated 10 to 20% below dew point Air per zone is conditioned for humidity and temperature in a mixing chamber not shown.

Figure 9b shows the method of air entry. At the same time, it is visible that the air inlet is done in the same way as the air outlet on both sides of the channel. In the preferred way, the air inlet velocities in these two channels are different, which allows for the regulation to be selected in terms of the flow of the placement with bricks.

The firing channel for bricks that are stacked vertically to the direction of transport is similarly equipped and is shown in Figure 10. For bricks stacked vertically to the direction of transport, there is a further possibility of choosing rows of bricks, in the direction of transport or transversely. In Figure 10, where the cross-section of the firing channel is shown transversely to the direction of transport, cuts 36 are also provided in the transport means, whereby the bricks 2 are stacked with their edge areas on belt surfaces 37. In these cuts, burners 42 and devices for extraction, where the burners are preferably high-speed burners, which guarantee optimal energy transfer to the bricks.

The hot gas flows through the vertical holes of the bricks from below and is diverted from the cover on the upper side of the baking channel and again pushed through the bricks of the adjacent row of bricks with vertical holes. Cover 43 is shaped preferably wavy, whereby the wave covers always two adjacent rows of bricks. When firing bricks, hot gases are conditioned, which come from the burner in sections, which means that the firing channel is divided into zones. For this reason, it is possible to work at lower temperatures and, through conditioning, to bring the temperatures closer to the values used to achieve the required thermal conductivity of clay dishes. In this case, preferred cross currents prevail.

Due to lower consumption of air, that is, hot gas, lower emissions result. As it was already stated, all the steps that need to be taken into account, namely the layering of dried bricks, which can easily break, and the packing of bricks carried out on one side of the plant in the area of station 19 for monitoring.

Due to the same direction of delivery, both the drying channel and the baking channel, the plant can be equipped with only one common emission device 45, which is why compared to the usual devices that use two emission sources, for example one saving on costs when setting up the plant.

Figure 11 shows a further embodiment of the plant, in which a tandem catcher 44 is provided in the delivery area. Through the return guide 22, the incoming baked bricks are moved at the lowest level in front of the baking channel (arrow a). They are also located on the lowest level of the returned dried bricks, which are brought by the return dryer device. The tandem gripper grips together both the dried and baked bricks and moves them together in the direction indicated by arrow b. The dried bricks are thus in the correct position for delivery into the baking channel. Baked bricks can be packaged.

There is certainly also the possibility of renouncing the return channel 17, and of rearranging the bricks already on the back side of the plant. In this case, the cost savings for the return channels are linked only to the disadvantages, because the bricks do not have the possibility of drying. In addition, it is not possible to transship bricks without auxiliary means from one central place, and the entire plant is supervised by only one person. The plant described here is easy to maintain due to its simple construction and is relatively small even though it has a high productivity. This results in shorter construction time and lower production costs.

Claims (37)

1. Process for drying and/or firing raw bricks (2), such as for example raw bricks with vertical holes, whereby the raw bricks (2) are arranged on the transport means for drying (12; 20) in one layer in the form of rows and columns, where drying is done with hot air, while the mutual distance between raw bricks (2) is such that all raw bricks come to drying and/or firing as individual pieces, indicated by the fact that the distance (K) between rows is in the direction of movement of the means of transport is intended to be greater than the distance (b) between the columns, and thus channels are alternately formed between the rows, which are used for air supply and exhaust. 2. The method according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the distance (b) between raw bricks within one row (3) is chosen so that it is smaller than or at most equal to four times the thickness of the wall (B) of the outer shell of bricks with vertical holes. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, indicated by the fact that the bricks with height holes are placed with their height holes (4) transversely to the direction of transport (T). 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bricks with height holes are placed with their height holes in the direction of transport. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bricks with height holes are placed with their height holes vertically in relation to the direction of transport. 6. The procedure according to the previous requirements, indicated by the fact that the chosen organization of the layout of the bricks is the same for both drying and baking. 7. The procedure according to claims 3 and 4, characterized by the fact that auxiliary means for pressing in air or for pushing out air through horizontally located height holes are added to the channels (pictures 4, 5). 8. The method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the hot gases emerging from the burner are pressed into the channels (K) between the bricks with vertical holes during the firing of the bricks. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the hot gases emerging from the burner are led laterally onto bricks with vertical holes. 10. The method according to claim 5, indicated by the fact that during the drying of the bricks with their height holes arranged vertically in relation to the direction of transport, counter-directional air currents are led through the height holes to the adjacent rows between the bricks. 11. The method according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that during the firing of bricks with their height holes arranged vertically in relation to the direction of transport, counter-directional air currents are taken through the height holes into the adjacent rows between the bricks. 12. The method according to claims 10 and 11, indicated by the fact that dryer air or hot gases are pressed through the rows of bricks, and after emptying, they are taken back through the height holes of the adjacent row of bricks. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the air of the dryer or the hot gases from the burner are conditioned in stages. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that drying and baking are carried out in the same direction of transport. 15. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the drying air and/or hot gases coming out of the burner are in any case delivered through both ends of the inlet and/or outlet channel (K) for air or hot gas. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the inlet velocities of the supplied drying air or hot gases are different at the opposite ends of the channel. 17. A plant for carrying out the process according to claims 1 to 16, which contains a dryer (8) with at least one drying channel and an advanced baking oven (9), a cyclically movable transport means for drying (12), in each case located in the channel of the dryer , and the transport means for firing (20), optionally arranged in the channel of the furnace burner, for receiving raw bricks, characterized by the fact that the drying channel (8) and the front furnace (9) are arranged next to each other, and that the transport means moves in the same direction during the drying or firing of bricks, so that the drying channel and optionally the firing channel are filled from one side and the nozzles (15, 16) for air supply and exhaust are located alternately in the dryer, and the burners are arranged in rows in the baking oven. 18. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the transport means for bricks is assembled by means of trolleys, belts, air cushions or rods. 19. Plant according to claim 18, indicated by the fact that the transport means for baking has a floor for accepting bricks, and guiding devices that taper in the direction of the channel ceiling and form an inverted letter V, and are located in the channels between the bricks. 20. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the suction and pressure elements (28), which are alternately arranged at a distance from each other, are located in the upper part of the dryer (8), and these suction and pressure elements can be arbitrarily repeatedly raised and lowered between the bricks in the direction of the channel (K). 21. Plant according to claim 20, characterized in that the cover (35) which is placed above the brick (2) has grooves for the passage of suction or pressure elements (28). 22. Plant according to claim 17, indicated by the fact that air supply and exhaust nozzles, during drying and/or burners, during baking, are located in each transport cycle in the area of the channel (K) created between the bricks, in order to a curtain of air or hot gas has occurred. 23. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the floor of the transport means (12) for drying is equipped with openings (36) placed next to each other, so that in any case two bricks (2) next to each other in a row of bricks can be placed with its edge parts on the remaining strip surfaces (37), whereby devices (38, 39) for blowing and sucking air are located alternately in openings or under the floor, which is perforated with openings (36), and in cuts (40) that correspond openings, and they are located in the upper part of the dryer, and in any case two of these cuts (40) are connected to each other, in order to allow the air to be discharged. 24. Plant according to claim 23, characterized in that the air enters from both sides of the drying channel, and that the input speeds at both inputs can be variable. 25. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the transport means (20) for baking includes a floor with openings (36), such that in any case two bricks (2) placed next to each other in a row of bricks can be arranged with their edge parts on the remaining strip surfaces (37), whereby the burners (42) and the extrusion devices are placed alternately in the openings (36), and that the cover (38) is placed in the firing channel above the brick, to allow air to escape. 26. Plant according to claims 17, 23 or 25, characterized in that the transport means are guided close behind each other while passing through the drying channel and/or the baking channel. 27. Plant according to claim 25, characterized in that the burners are high-speed burners. 28. Plant according to claim 25, indicated by the fact that the cover is shaped in waves, so that in each case one wave covers two adjacent rows of bricks. 29. The plant according to one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the burner (8) is equipped with two supply channels (13, 14), which are placed one above the other, and are separated from each other. 30. Plant according to one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the tunnel furnace (9) includes two firing channels (9a, 9b), which lie one above the other and are separated from each other. 31. Plant according to claim 17 or 29, characterized in that the return channel (15) for the loaded transport means (12) for drying is provided below the delivery channel or delivery channels (13, 14). 32. Plant according to claim 17 or 30, characterized in that the return device (22) for loaded transport means (20) for baking is provided parallel to the tunnel oven (9), but on its outside. 33. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the transport means (20) for baking has a solid floor equipped with gripping elements (24) for bricks (2). 34. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the air supply pipe has a cutout through which the air exits, and is located in the upper area of the drying channel, and that the air supply pipe can be rotatable around its axis. 35. Plant according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that a common emission device (45) is provided in the plant, both for the dryer (8) and for the tunnel furnace (9), on the entrance side of the means of transport (12, 20) for drying or for baking. 36. Plant according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that a tandem catcher (44) is provided on the input side of transport means (12, 20) for drying or baking, so that in any case the dried and baked bricks are returned via the corresponding return device (15 , 22) to the lowest level of the plant in order to move them together. 37. Plant according to claim 20, characterized in that the suction or pressure elements (28) are shaped as rectangular hollow bodies, equipped with lines (29) for air supply or suction, located in their upper area, and that they have openings (30) for exit and entry of air on opposite side surfaces.