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Publication of SI9300320BpublicationCriticalpatent/SI9300320B/en
F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
F26B21/022—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow
F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
F26B21/022—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow
F26B21/028—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow by air valves, movable baffles or nozzle arrangements
F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
F27B9/021—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces having two or more parallel tracks
F27B9/022—With two tracks moving in opposite directions
F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
F27B9/3011—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases arrangements for circulating gases transversally
F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
F26B2210/02—Ceramic articles or ceramic semi-finished articles
Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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Mechanical Engineering
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General Engineering & Computer Science
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Structural Engineering
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Chemical & Material Sciences
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Ceramic Engineering
(AREA)
Drying Of Solid Materials
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Tunnel Furnaces
(AREA)
Processing Of Solid Wastes
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Furnace Details
(AREA)
Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces
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Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone
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Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics
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Abstract
A process is disclosed for drying and/or baking raw bricks. Each raw brick (2) is arranged per se on a transport means for drying (12) and/or baking (20) at such a distance from the other raw bricks that all raw bricks react as individual bricks during drying and/or baking.
Claims (37)
1 Patentni zahtevki 1. Postopek sušenja in/ali Zganja opečnih surovcev (2), kot npr. t.i. votlakov, t.j. opek s stojnimi luknjami, pri čemer se surovce (2) na transportnem sredstvu (12; 20) razporedi v obliki nizov in vrst in se jih suši s toplim zrakom, pri čemer so surovci (2) drug od drugega tako razmaknjeni, da se vsi surovci pri sušenju in/ali Žganju vedejo kot posamični predmeti, značilen po tem, da je razmik (K) med v smeri gibanja transportnega sredstva razporejenimi nizi večji od razmika (b) med vrstami, tako da med nizi obstajajo kanali, ki sluzijo izmenično za dovod oz. odvod zraka.1. Patent claims 1. A method of drying and / or bending of brick granules (2), such as, for example, t.i. hollows, i.e. bricks with standing holes, wherein the slurry (2) on the transport means (12; 20) is arranged in the form of strings and rows and is dried with warm air, wherein the slits (2) are spaced apart from each other so that all the drying and / or brine particles act as individual objects, characterized in that the spacing (K) between the direction of movement of the transport means is arranged in the arrays greater than the spacing (b) between the rows, so that there are channels between the arrays serving alternately for supply or air outlet.2. Postopek po zahtevku 1, značilen po tem, da je razmik (b) surovcev od enega do drugega surovca v nizu (3) manjši ali največ enak štirikratniku debeline (B) stene zunanje lupine votlaka.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spacing (b) of the slurries is smaller than or equal to four times the thickness (B) of the wall of the outer shell of the hollow from one blank to the other in the row (3).3. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, značilen po tem, da se votlake razporedi s prečno na transportno smer (T) potekajočimi stojnimi luknjami (4).A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollows are arranged with the standing holes (4) running through the transversal direction (T).4. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, značilen po tem, da se votlake razporedi z v transportni smeri potekajočimi stojnimi luknjami.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollows are arranged in the forward direction by the standing holes.5. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, značilen po tem, da se votlake raz poredi z navpično na transportno smer potekajočimi stojnimi luknjami.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollows are arranged in a vertical manner in which the standing holes extend in a conveying direction.6. Postopek po predhodnih zahtevkih, značilen po tem, da se opeke tako za sušenje kot tudi za Žganje enako razporedi.A method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the bricks for drying as well as for the firing are equally distributed.7. Postopek po zahtevkih 3 in 4, značilen po tem, da se kanalom prireja sredstva izmenično za potiskanje zraka skoznje oz. za od-sesavanje zraka skozi vodoravno ležeče stojne luknje oz. iz njih (SL. 4, 5). 2Method according to Claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the channel is arranged for alternating means for pushing air through or for suction of the air through horizontally lying standing holes or from them (SL 4, 5). 28. Postopek po zahtevkih 3 in 4, značilen po tem, da se pri žganju opek od gorilnikov prihajajoče vroče pline potiska v kanale (K) med votlaki.The method according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the burning of burning bricks from the burners causes the incoming hot gases to flow into the channels (K) between the hollows.9. Postopek po zahtevku 8, značilen po tem, da se od gorilnikov prihajajoče vroče pline vodi od strani na votlake.A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the burning hot gases from the burners are guided from the side to the hollows.10. Postopek po zahtevku 5, značilen po tem, da se pri suSenju opek z navpično na smer transportiranja razporejenimi stojnimi luknjami v sosednih nizih opek skozi stojne luknje vodi protitočne tokove zraka.The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, in the case of bricks with vertical to the direction of transporting, the standing holes in the adjacent sets of bricks pass through the standing holes through the counter-flow air streams.11. Postopek po zahtevku 5, značilen po tem, da se pri žganju opek z navpično na smer transportiranja razporejenimi stojnimi luknjami v sosednih nizih opek skozi stojne luknje vodi protitočne tokove vročih plinov.Method according to claim 5, characterized in that, in the case of burning bricks with vertical to the direction of transporting, the standing holes in the adjacent arrays of bricks pass through the standing holes through the counter flows of the hot gases.12. Postopek po zahtevkih 10 ali 11, značilen po tem, da se zrak sušilnika oz. vroče pline potiska skozi en niz opek in se ga (jih) po obrnjenju spet vodi skozi stojne luknje opek sosednega niza.A method according to claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the air of the dryer or hot gases are pushed through a series of bricks and, after being turned, they are again driven through the standing holes of the brick of the neighboring series.13. Postopek po zahtevku 12, značilen po tem, da se zrak sušilnika oz. od gorilnikov prihajajoče vroče pline po odsekih kondicionira.A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the air of the dryer or from the burners the upcoming hot gas is conditioned by segments.14. Postopek po zahtevku 1, značilen po tem, da suSenje kot tudi žganje poteka v isti smeri transportiranja.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying as well as the firing takes place in the same direction of transport.15. Postopek po zahtevku 10 ali 11, značilen po tem, da se zrak za suSenje in/ali od gorilnikov prihajajoče vroče pline dovaja vsakokrat od obeh koncev kanala (K) za dovod in/ali odvod zraka oz. vročih plinov.A method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the drying air and / or the burners of the incoming hot gases are supplied at each of the ends of the channel (K) for the inlet and / or the air outlet, respectively. hot gases.16. Postopek po zahtevku 15, značilen po tem, da so vstopne hitrosti sušilnega zraka oz. vročih plinov, dovajanega oz. dovajanih od medsebojno drug nasproti drugemu ležečih koncev kanalov, različne. 3The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the inlet speeds of the drying air or, hot gases, supplied or supplied from one another opposite the other end of the channels, different. 317. Naprava za izvedbo postopka po zahtevkih 1 do 16, s sušilnikom (8) z vsaj enim sušilnim kanalom in smotrno z žgalno pečjo (9), pri čemer so vsaj v sušilnem kanalu razporejena vsakokrat v taktu gibljiva transportna sredstva (12) za sušenje kot tudi, v danem primeru, v žgal nem kanalu žgal ne peči transportna sredstva (20) za žganje za sprejem surovcev, značilna po tem, da sta sušilni kanal (8) in kot taka prednostna žgalna peč (9) tako razporejena, da ležita drug poleg druge, je smer gibanja transportnih sredstev pri sušenju oz. žganju opek enaka, tako da se za sušilni kanal in v danem primeru za žgalni kanal naklada na eni strani, in so v sušilniku šobe (15, 16) za dovod oz. odvod zraka izmenične oz. so v žgalni peči gorilniki razporejeni v nizih.A device for performing the method according to claims 1 to 16, with a drier (8) with at least one drying channel and optionally with a burning furnace (9), at least in a drift channel, movable drying transport means (12) as well as, optionally, burning transport means (20) for receiving the raw materials in the burner channel are not baked, characterized in that the drying channel (8) and, as such, the preferred burner furnace (9) is so arranged that they lie next to each other, the direction of movement of transport means during drying or the burning of the bricks is the same, so that for the drying channel and, optionally, the burning canal is loaded on one side, and are in the nozzle of the nozzle (15, 16) for the supply, air outlet alternating in the burner stove, the burners are arranged in sets.18. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da so transportna sredstva za opeke vozički, jermeni, zračne blazine ali palice.A device according to claim 17, characterized in that the brick transport means are trolleys, belts, airbags or rods.19. Naprava po zahtevku 18, značilna po tem, da ima transportno sredstvo za žganje pod za sprejem opek, pri čemer so med opekami v kanalih razporejene v smeri stropa kanalov ožeče se vodilne naprave, katerih presek je v bistvu A(obrnjena črka V).Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the brine transport means has underneath the bricks for receiving bricks, wherein the bricks in the channels are arranged in the direction of the ceiling of the channels leading devices whose cross-section is essentially A (reversed letter V) .20. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da so v zgornjem območju sušilnika (8) predvidena z medsebojnim razmikom razporejena izmenično sesalna oz. tlačna telesa (28) in se da ta sesalna oz. tlačna telesa v danem primeru v smeri kanalov (K) spustiti dol med opeke in jih spet dvigniti gor.20. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that, in the upper region of the dryer (8), an alternating suction or alternating arrangement is provided in the mutual distance. pressure bodies (28) and that the suction / in the case of the pressurized bodies in the direction of the channels (K), descend downwards between the bricks and lift them up again.21. Naprava po zahtevku 20, značilna po tem, da je zgoraj nad opekami (2) razporejen pokrov (35) z izrezi za sprejem sesalnih oz. tlačnih teles (28).Device according to claim 20, characterized in that a lid (35) is provided above the bricks (2) with receptacles for receiving the suction or, pressure bodies (28).22. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da so za tvorbo stene iz zraka oz. vročih plinov šobe za dovod oz. odvod zraka pri sušenju in/ali gorilniki pri žganju v vsakem transportnem taktu razporejene oz. razporejeni v območju med opekami vzpostavljenih kanalov (K). 4Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that for forming a wall from the air, hot gas nozzles for supply or air extraction during drying and / or burner burning in each transport stroke arranged or are arranged in the area between the bricks of the channels in place (K). 423. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da je pod transportnega sredstva (12) za sušenje opremljen z drug poleg drugega razporejenimi izrezi (36), tako da se da na vmesne mostiče (37) v robnih območjih le-teh položiti vsakokrat dve druga poleg druge razporejeni opeki (2) enega niza opek, so v izrezih oz. spodaj pod z izrezi (36) preluknjanim dnom razporejene naprave (38, 39) izmenično za pihanje in odsesavanje zraka in so v zgornjem območju sušilnika predvideni omenjenim izrezom ustrezajoči izrezi (40), pri čemer sta po dva ta izreza (40) medsebojno povezana, da se omogoči preusmeritev zraka.Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the underneath transport means (12) are provided with adjacent recesses (36) arranged adjacent to each other so that the intermediate webs (37) can be placed in each of the edge regions thereof two adjacent bricks (2) of one row of bricks arranged adjacent to the other, are in recesses or bricks. below the recesses (36) of the pierced bottom of the arranged device (38, 39) are alternately for blowing and extraction of air, and corresponding cutouts (40) are provided in said upper recesses of the dryer, wherein two of these cutouts (40) are interconnected, to allow air diversion.24. Naprava po zahtevku 23, značilna po tem, da do vstopa zraka pride obojestransko od strani kanala sušilnika in se da vstopne hitrosti zraka obeh teh vstopov spreminjati.Device according to claim 23, characterized in that the air inlet is provided on both sides of the side of the dryer channel and the inlet air velocities of both of these entrances are changed.25. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da transportno sredstvo (20) za žganje obsega z izrezi (36) opremljen pod, tako da se da vsakokrat dve druga poleg druge razporejeni opeki (2) enega niza opek z njunimi robnimi območji razporediti na obstoječih mostičih (37), so v izrezih (36) razporejeni izmenično gorilniki (42) oz. odsesovalne naprave in je v žgalnem kanalu nad opeko razporejen pokrov (43), ki omogoča preusmeritev zraka.Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the brine transport means (20) comprises with the recesses (36) provided with a floor so that in each case the bricks (2) of each row of bricks arranged with each of their edge regions are arranged on the existing bridges (37), alternating burners (42) or alternating torches are arranged in recesses (36). a suction device and a lid (43) in the burner duct over the brick is arranged to allow the air to be diverted.26. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 17, 23 ali 25, značilna po tem, da sta transportni sredstvi, ki tečeta skozi kanal sušilnika in/ali žgalni kanal, vodeni tesno drugo za drugim.Device according to one of Claims 17, 23 or 25, characterized in that the transport means which flow through the duct duct and / or the burning duct are guided closely next to each other.27. Naprava po zahtevku 25, značilna po tem, da so gorilniki visoko-hitrostni gorilniki.Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the burners are high-speed burners.28. Naprava po zahtevku 25, značilna po tem, da je pokrov valovito izveden, pri čemer en val vsakokrat zajema dva sosedna niza opek. sDevice according to claim 25, characterized in that the lid is wavy, wherein one wave each comprises two neighboring brick layers. s29. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 17 do 28, značilna po tem, da sušilnik (8) obsega dva drug nad drugim razporejena, medsebojno ločena kanala (13, 14) za predtok.Device according to one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the drier (8) comprises two arranged, mutually separated channels (13, 14) for the flow.30. Naprava po enem od zahtevkov 17 do 28, značilna po tem, da tunelska peč (9) obsega dva drug nad drugim ležeča, medsebojno ločena žgalna kanala (9a, 9b).Device according to one of Claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the tunnel oven (9) comprises two adjacent, mutually separated burner channels (9a, 9b).31. Naprava po zahtevku 17 ali 29, značilna po tem, da je pod kanalom ali kanaloma (13, 14) za predtok predviden vračalni kanal (17) za obloženo transportno sredstvo (12) za suSenje.Device according to claim 17 or claim 29, characterized in that a return channel (17) for the coated transport means (12) for drying is provided under the channel or channels (13, 14) for the flow.32. Naprava po zahtevku 17 ali 30, značilna po tem, da je vzporedno s tunelsko pečjo (9), ampak izven nje, predvideno vračalno vodilo (22) za obloženo transportno sredstvo (20) za žganje.32. The device according to claim 17 or 30, characterized in that a return guide (22) for the coated transportation means (20) is provided in parallel with the tunnel oven (9) but outside it.33. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da ima transportno sredstvo (20) za žganje s podložnimi elementi (24) za opeke (2) opremljen polni pod.33. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the transport means (20) has a full floor with the underlying brickwork elements (24).34. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da je v zgornjem območju kanala ali kanalov sušilnika razporejena z izrezom za izstop zraka opremljena dovodna cev za zrak in ta dovodna cev za zrak zavihti jiva okoli svoje osi.34. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that an air inlet hose is provided in the upper region of the channel or ducts of the dryer, with an air outlet opening, and the air inlet air curves the jivi around its axis.35. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da je tako za sušilnik (8) kot tudi za tunelsko peč (9) na vstopni strani transportnih sredstev (12, 20) za sušenje oz. žganje v predmetni napravi predvidena skupna emisijska naprava (45).35. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that both for the dryer (8) and for the tunnel oven (9) on the inlet side of the transport means (12, 20) for drying and / The burning in the device in question is a common emission device (45).36. Naprava po zahtevku 17, značilna po tem, da je na vstopni strani transportnih sredstev (12, 20) za suSenje oz. žganje predvideno tandemsko prijemalo (44), pri čemer se da sušene in Zgane opeke, ki so vodene nazaj v čisto spodnjem nivoju, prek odgovarjajočih vračalnih naprav (15, 22) predmetne naprave vsakokratno skupaj prestaviti. 636. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that on the inlet side of the transport means (12, 20) for drying and / (44), wherein the dried and baked bricks which are guided back to the clean bottom level are coupled together by means of the corresponding return devices (15, 22) of the object device. 637. Naprava po zahtevku 20, značilna po tem, da so sesalna oz. tlačna telesa (28) zasnovana kot z v njihovem zgornjem območju razporejenim dovodnim oz. sesalnim vodom (29) za zrak opremljena pravokotna votla telesa in imajo na nasprotnih si stranskih ploskvah odprtine (30) za izstop oz. vstop zraka.37. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the suction / the pressure bodies (28) are designed as with an inlet or in the upper region thereof. the air suction line (29) for the air is provided with rectangular hollow bodies and have an opening (30) for the exit or the opposing side faces. air intake.
SI9300320A1992-06-151993-06-15Method and apparatus for drying and/or burning the bricks
SI9300320B
(en)