SI9300320A - Method and apparatus for drying and/or burning the bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

A process is disclosed for drying and/or baking raw bricks. Each raw brick (2) is arranged per se on a transport means for drying (12) and/or baking (20) at such a distance from the other raw bricks that all raw bricks react as individual bricks during drying and/or baking.

Description

Wienerberger Ziegelindustrie Aktiengesellschaft

Process and apparatus for drying and / or firing brick blanks

The invention relates to a process and apparatus for drying and / or firing brick blanks.

As usual, they dry brick blanks by transporting blanks stacked on top of each other in many layers to a dryer. The unfavorable arrangement for drying is associated with the need for a great deal of energy and time to completely dry even the innermost brick, if any. The firing of dried brick blankets is also generally carried out in this manner and requires a high investment of energy and time.

Depending on its chemical, mineralogical and ceramic composition and its structure, the brick blank as such is known to have a defined drying and firing duration, which cannot be reduced by any manipulation.

Therefore, in order not to be forced to exceed this time, it is necessary to choose a different, not commonly used and with the aforementioned disadvantages accompanied by the arrangement of bricks, preferably in one layer.

File DE-C3 27 58 847 shows a device for the continuous manufacture of calcined brick moldings, with a tunnel dryer and tunnel kiln and moldings arranged through the dryer and counterflow furnace in a housing above each other. The molds are arranged in a single layer on the conveyors in order to avoid frequent damage when moving from the drying area to the firing chamber, especially when operating with molds stacked on top of the others. This arrangement should therefore primarily minimize ejection, since molders remain on the same cart for the duration of drying and firing.

Of course, this type of device, according to the purpose, uses carts built for the firing zone, which are primarily intricately designed to withstand high running temperatures, including for the drying phase. Thus, this device is again operating at a more cost-intensive rate than would be expected, since the manufacture of such carts is expensive and excessive energy input is required to transport them in the drying zone.

It is an object of the present invention to minimize the amount of air required for burning and / or drying, and to observe, by chemical and ceramic composition and workpiece structure, certain physical limits as to the duration of drying and firing of the workpiece itself during drying and firing of many workpieces in an automatic plant.

It is a further object of the invention to drastically reduce energy consumption and to minimize air mass flows by better utilization of physical air limits.

Furthermore, the invention is intended to reduce emissions and create a maintenance-free device for drying and firing brick blanks.

The invention solves the problem by arranging each blank for itself and at such intervals to the other blank on the conveyor for drying and / or firing that all the blanks behave as single stones during drying and / or firing.

The method according to the invention enables the above-mentioned arrangement of the workpieces to prevent the raw material and the structure from exceeding a predetermined minimum duration, neither in drying nor in firing, and the bricks leaving the unit intact and completely dry and calcined, which naturally results in the reduction of the amounts of air should be used for this purpose, and in this regard by reducing emissions, which again results in a reduction in the total investment for the installation.

The method according to the invention is mainly used for drying and / or firing bricks with upright holes (vertical bricks), each of which is arranged in one layer on a conveyor for drying and / or firing, in order to arrange the workpieces into strings. at least when drying by means of string spacing, channels are formed alternately for air inlet and outlet.

The bricks can thus be evenly coated with air, pushing the air through the upright holes when drying and firing.

The method is further preferably characterized by the fact that the spacing of the workpieces from one to the other in one set is chosen less than or at most equal to four times the thickness of the outer shell wall of the weft.

This causes the individual bricks to be symmetrically covered with air and one-sided suction effect is avoided, which could again lead to uneven treatment of the bricks.

Above all, it is preferred that the cross-sectional area of the billets be selected at substantially the same size on all the poured sides.

The process is further characterized in that the vertical bricks are arranged transversely to the transport direction or in the transport direction, or also to the upright holes extending upright to the transport direction.

Each of these chosen directions brings for a blow-out or. Brick casting is of special advantage and provides fast and complete drying or drying. firing bricks.

It is also particularly advantageous to choose the organization of the arrangement of the bricks equally for drying and firing. This means, above all, time savings, since no drying or firing is necessary to change the arrangement and the process is compactly feasible.

A further feature of the process is that the channels are alternately adjusted for means of pushing air through the channels. to suck air through or. from horizontally spaced upright holes.

Also, this diversion of air and its strictly prescribed direction of flow through upright holes guarantee the preferential and complete drying of the bricks, since they are completely poured and blown with air.

Preferably, the incoming hot gases are pushed into the ducts between the upper-bricks, while the air of the burners can also be directed laterally to the upper-bricks, which makes firing even faster. This suction and suction of air is, of course, appropriate especially if the erect bricks are arranged in the transport direction of the means of transport. transverse to it.

When arranging bricks with vertically perpendicular upright holes, the counter-currents of air or air flow through the upright holes, preferably through adjacent holes, through drying and firing. hot gases.

Preferably, in the adjacent arrays of bricks, through the upright holes, we run counter-currents of air or. hot gases.

In doing so, the same air blows at least two sets of bricks; the flow of hot gases through several sets of bricks, preferably throughout the entire transport stroke.

According to the invention, drying as well as firing is carried out in the same transport direction, which is especially important for investing as well as for removing bricks, since this process step enables the control of these operations from one place and from a single person.

According to the invention it is further contemplated that the air of the dryer or the dryer. hot gases coming from the burners are conditioned by sections.

Since, according to the invention, each brick in the joint is treated as a single stone, it is possible to work with less air and make better use of it, i.e., to work more in moist, up to 10 to 20% below the dew point. In terms of saturation, we can go all the way to the physical limits of the air.

This is now about managing such that the drying channel is divided into sections or zones, for example, one zone corresponds to exactly one train. The air to be applied to the zone is prepared in a mixing chamber into which moist air is supplied from the front and hot air from the rear and mixed.

This way, less air is consumed and emissions are reduced.

Section conditioning is, of course, also applied to firing, whereby deeper temperatures can be employed, since the corresponding temperatures can be brought closer to the minimum value used to achieve the final firing of the brick core.

This avoids the through-flow in the longitudinal direction through the furnace ducts according to the state of the art, and preferably obtain zones dominated by transverse currents.

The process according to the invention is further characterized in that the drying air and / or hot gases coming from the burners are each supplied from both ends of the air duct or. ducts for the supply and / or exhaust of the hot gases, wherein the inlet velocities of the drying air and / or hot gases that are fed into each other by the ends of the duct, different.

This can control the flow of air after the arrangement of the bricks, and this adjustment is also optional in certain areas.

The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the process, with a dryer having at least one channel of the dryer and preferably with a kiln, wherein at least in the channel of the kiln are arranged in a tactile manner the moving vehicles for drying as well as in the case of the kiln of the kiln. firing agents for receiving blankets.

It is an object of the invention to make this device as small as possible in comparison with conventional devices, thereby reducing the time for its installation and the cost of manufacture. In addition, the device should be designed to be easy to maintain, avoiding damage to the normal start-up and shut-down times of such devices, which can cause the device to shut down for up to a month, causing high costs.

The present invention accomplishes this task by arranging the dryer duct and, preferably, the firing furnace so that they lie adjacent to each other so that the transport means during drying and / or drying. the firing bricks move in the same direction, so that the supply of the dryer duct and, in the case of the firing duct, runs from one side, and that there are nozzles for the inlet and / or nozzle in the dryer. air outlet arranged alternately or respectively. in a kiln, the burners are arranged in a row.

It is further contemplated according to the invention that the dryer comprises two pre-arranged spaced apart channels and a tunnel furnace comprising two firing channels adjacent to one another.

In further embodiments, a return channel for a coated drying vehicle is provided below the pre-channel or pre-channels, and parallel to the tunnel furnace, but outside it, a return line for the coated firing medium is provided.

According to the invention, the predetermined direction of movement of the means of transport makes it possible to prioritize the positioning of the attendants on one side of the device, thereby providing easy control of the filling as well as the transfer of the dried bricks to the vehicles for firing. In the case of cracking the brick, it can be detected. On the other hand, the already burnt brick can already be cooled during return transport. According to this design, the brick packing area is also located on this side of the device and therefore lies within the field of view of the service personnel, whose abundance can be greatly reduced.

The bricks themselves are made of carts, straps, airbags or sticks.

According to the invention, the firing conveyor may have a bottom for receiving bricks, between which the bricks in the ducts are arranged in the direction of the ceiling of the duct and are narrowed and essentially turned into forming guiding devices.

These guiding elements, preferably made from clam, are forced by the direction of the air flow, this arrangement being installed especially when the upright holes are arranged in or in the transport direction.

According to another embodiment, the suction and / or intake intervals are provided alternately provided at a distance between them in the upper area of the dryer. pressure bodies, these being suction or. pressure bodies lower and again liftable in the given case in the direction of the channels between the bricks.

Suction or. The pressure bodies themselves are designed according to the invention as a supply line or a supply line. suction of air arranged in their upper region, equipped with four-hollow hollow bodies, which have openings for exiting or exiting on opposite side surfaces. air intake.

This arrangement, therefore, creates a further possibility for direct inflating of upright holes.

According to a further embodiment, a cover is arranged above the bricks, which has spacers for the intersection of the suction or. of pressure bodies.

After further implementation, the nozzles for the inlet or air outlet for drying and / or burners for firing in each transport cycle arranged in the area of ducts made between bricks for the formation of an air wall or. hot gas walls. This also guarantees the advantage of inflating upright holes and evenly drying them. firing bricks.

When arranging upright holes perpendicular to the transport direction, it is preferred that the bottom of the drying vehicle is provided with spaced punctures adjacent to each other so that two bricks of one set of bricks in their peripheral regions are mounted on the remaining bridges. in breakthroughs or. below the ground in which the breakthroughs are located, the blowers and the air intake devices arranged alternately, and that the recesses are provided with punctures in the upper area of the dryer, with each of these cutouts interconnected in each case giving the possibility of air circulation.

The air blowing from the bottom through the upright holes of the bricks flows into the recesses arranged in the upper area of the dryer duct, each of which are two adjacent to each other so that air is diverted and flows through the upright holes of the next set of bricks.

Preferably, there is air inlet on either side of the dryer duct, the air inlet velocities of these two inlets being variable.

By varying the inlet velocity, the air jet can be freely moved along the width of the duct.

Vehicles flowing through the dryer duct and / or through the burner duct are, according to the invention, guided one after the other to utilize the full capacity of the device, the ducts being preferably transported in a transport stroke, e.g. between 5 and 10 min.

Further, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the firing means comprises a bottom equipped with punctures, so that each of the two bricks arranged apart from one another, with their boundary areas, are adjustable to the remaining bridges, so that burners are alternately arranged in the punctures oz. suction devices and that a cover is provided in the burner duct above the bricks to allow air to be diverted. The used burners are preferably high-speed burners, which can preferably be switched on and off as soon as possible without regeneration or. startup breaks.

According to a further feature of the invention, the cover is wave-shaped, with one wave each extending over two adjacent sets of bricks.

This, in a manner similar to the diversion of air during drying, also ensures the flow of the same gases through two sets of bricks. Preferably, a single gas stream passes even all strings of the transport clock.

According to the invention, the firing means also has a solid bottom equipped with brick loading elements.

According to another embodiment, an air supply tube is provided in the upper area of the dryer duct (s) fitted with an air outlet which is rotatable about its axis.

With this design it is also possible to control the outlet air direction.

The device according to the invention preferably comprises, based on its design, both the dryer and the kiln on the inlet side of the drying or transport means. firing on the device is a common emission device.

This reduces the number of emission sources to one compared to conventional devices that have specific emission sources for both the dryer channel and the firing channel. This is mainly because the channels are filled from one side only and the emission sources are conditioned by the device - always located on the filling side.

After further design of the device, it is on the inlet side of the transport means for drying or. firing equiped with a tandem gripper, whereby the bricks, which are each retracted through the respective return guides in the respective device, are dried and burned in the lowest level, moving together.

In doing so, the back-burned bricks at the far lower level are arranged in front of the burner channel and the dried and burned bricks are moved together by the tandem gripper, with the dried bricks then traversing the burning channel and the burning bricks being packed.

Hereinafter, the invention will be further described on the basis of embodiments by means of attached sheets of sketches.

Sketch of FIG. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of the bricks on a transport vehicle in the floor plan; FIG. 2 is a section of the arrangement of FIG. Iv spatial presentation; FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention; FIG. 4 is a cross-section through the dryer of the apparatus of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the two burner channels arranged in FIG. 3; FIG. 6 suction respectively. the pressure body of the device according to the invention; FIG. 7 is a cross-section through the arrangement of bricks; FIG. 8 is a cross-section through the upper channel area with an air inlet hose; FIG. 9a is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a dryer duct; FIG. 9b is a schematic floor plan of an air duct; FIG. 10 is a schematic longitudinal section view of an embodiment of a firing channel; and FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a tandem gripper device.

FIG. 1 shows a transport vehicle 1 in the form of a cart on which they are to be dried or dried. firing of the prepared brick 2 is arranged in a single layer in rows 3. Preferably, we use bricks (hollows) with upright holes (upright holes), where upright holes 4 of the bricks 2 can be arranged transversely to the transport direction T or also in the transport direction of the vehicle or vertically. FIG. 2 shows upright bricks with transverse holes arranged transversely to the transport direction. The upright holes themselves are of various sizes, with cross-sections between round and slotted. Among the series of 3 bricks 2, ducts K are preferably provided for air inlet and outlet, as well as for the injection of hot gases. The bricks of one set of 3 are arranged with a gap spacing b of less than or at most four times the thickness B of the outer shell wall of the upright arc brick, preferably below that.

With this arrangement, in which the spacing of the bricks of one set against the spacing of the sets is relatively small, the losses due to drainage are small. The air brought to the bricks during drying, as shown in FIG. 4, a channel K formed in each of the series of bricks 2 flows through, and is extruded from these mainly through upright holes 4 and sucked again after leaving the next channel. This results in alternating air intake and extraction. In the case of firing, it follows the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the hot gas coming from the burners into the ducts K. The bricks lie in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, 4 and 5 on floors 5 carts. Belts, airbags, or poles can also be used as a means of transportation for bricks. Regardless of the type of vehicle, it is of the utmost importance that the bricks on all sides are evenly blown and blown. The solution to this problem is obtained in particular by the fact that the spacing of the bricks within set 3 is chosen less than or at most equal to four times the thickness B of the outer shell of the outer shell of the buttock brick (Fig. 2). This avoids excessive airflow through the area, for example by preventing the occurrence of a suction effect. In the case where the transport vehicle is designed as a wagon, this means as shown in FIG. 4, comprises laterally spaced wheels running in rails 7 arranged in channel 13, 14 of dryer 8. FIG. Fig. 5 shows the transport carts in the channels 9a, 9b of the burners, which are provided with wheels 6 on their underside, running in the rails 7 arranged on the floor of each burner channel.

This brick arrangement guarantees that all bricks undergo a drying or burning operation as if they were individually subjected to this process.

FIG. 3 shows the entire device for drying and firing bricks. The apparatus comprises a preparation area 10 and a molding 11 in which a mixture of raw material is produced on one side and then fresh bricks using a press mill and a cutting device. The bricks are then transferred to the conveyor 12 for drying and in such a condition they travel the dryer 8. This is preferably a multi-storey version and, as shown in FIG. 4 comprises two forward-facing channels 13, 14 for forward running, in which the transport means 12 are guided in two directions in one direction. Preferably, the transport clock, in which the vehicle moves forward, ranges from 5 to 10 minutes, ie, during this time, one knot with finished bricks leaves each channel and one new one enters the channel, the clock of the two channels being shifted. Each channel 13, 14 is by design according to FIG. 4 is equipped with several nozzles 15, 16 for supplying or. air outlet, which either blows air between one of the channels K, formed by series 3, or. it is sucked in again from the adjacent channel K. In this way, a series of air walls 15a, 16a are formed. Below these two stacked channels 13, 14 for forward running, there is arranged a return channel 17 for lined vehicles 12. The above described embodiment of the forward channel is particularly suitable for arranging bricks with transporting or transverse upright holes. In the arrangement of upright holes perpendicular to the direction of transport, with two optional variants logically available, the structure corresponds to that presented in FIG. 9a. When leaving the progressive duct, the transport means are lowered through the lowering device 18 and transported again through the return duct 17 to the starting side of the dryer 8. During this return period, bricks are made which, due to an unforeseen circumstance, such as e.g. not quite the right recipes, not completely dry, yet to dry. A control station 19 is provided at the front of the apparatus, which should preferably be occupied by a single man, based on the preferentially one-sided observation of the end of both the drying operation and the firing operation.

The dried bricks of each of the outflow duct 17 of the outgoing transport vehicle 12 are postponed to a further firing medium 20. The tunnel kiln 9 preferably also consists of two burning channels 9a, 9b arranged above each other. The firing channels are for the example shown in FIG. S, suitable for firing bricks transversely upright or in the direction of transport, upright holes, provided with ceiling burners 25 supplied by the gas supply 26. Ceiling burners are evenly distributed throughout the surface of the small burners and are well oriented along the channel. Further, the burners are connected to an air fan 27 for the burners. As presented in FIG. 5, burners may also be arranged on the sides of the ducts. This guarantees extensive firing.

After the exit of vehicles 20 from the tunnel kiln, they are again submerged with the help of the device 21 and in any case through the tunnel furnace which is parallel to the tunnel furnace, but outside this arrangement, the provided return control 22 transports the vehicles laterally and leads back to the control station area.

19. This feedback control is, in particular, advantageous in that the burning bricks are calmed and cooled.

The bricks, therefore, come already relatively cold to packing station 23, arranged at the end of the return run of the vehicle, and can therefore be packaged without problems.

The air supply as shown in FIG. 4, using air walls is only one of the possible embodiments.

Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, we use the suction respectively. pressure bodies 28, which are supplied with air through the air duct 29, or which suck the air out of the bricks again through the duct. These bodies are hollow bodies and can be lowered into channels K between sets of bricks or. from these rise again. Further, the bodies 28 are provided with several outlet openings 30 through which the air of the dryer is pushed from the bodies through the upright holes of the bricks on both sides, and which is sucked again in the adjacent series. Preferably, these suction and / or suction devices are the pressure bodies are arranged transversely to the transport direction and, therefore, they must be lifted again from the K channels by further movement of the carts for one transport stroke.

Further, an embodiment such as the schematic of FIG. 7, in which a series of guide devices 31 are arranged in a row between the bricks, which narrow in the upward direction and thus in the form of an inverted V, affecting the flow direction of the air exiting the nozzle 32. This controlled air guidance ensures optimum blowing of the bricks. Based on the burning of high temperature bricks, these leading devices are sensible from solitude.

A further possibility is presented in FIG. 8, which shows an air supply pipe 33 provided with a spacer 34 on its underside through which air can be blown to the bricks. The air supply hose 33 is rotatable about its axis and can therefore inflate a limited area of bricks.

Preferably, a cover 35 is arranged over the bricks in the duct to minimize the loss in the supply air. This cover is provided with spacers to provide air inlet and outlet.

If the arrangement of the bricks is now, as mentioned above, with the vertically perpendicular to the transport of the upright holes 4 arranged, the design of the dryer or the dryer is chosen. kilns as presented in FIG. 9a, 9b and 10.

SI. 9a shows a cross-section through a forward passage in the direction of transport, with the bricks 2 resting on a vehicle equipped with punctures 36 arranged side by side, with the bricks having their boundary areas adjacent to the remaining bridges 37. The transport cycles of the vehicle are thus selected , that the breakthroughs 36 are located just above the blowers 38 arranged above the floor of the channel. suction 39. The device 38 pushes the blowing air through the upright holes of the bricks 2 and guides it through the recesses 40 arranged in the ceiling area of the duct above the breakthrough. Each time, two of these recesses 40 are interconnected via channel 41. This diverts the air and again pushes it down through the upright holes of the adjacent set of bricks and feeds the suction device 39.

According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9a, blowing and suction devices are presented alternately. Preferably, once-fed air is used throughout the stroke, i.e., the channel of the dryer is divided into zones, whereby in the case of too much humid air - after too much flow - this is fed through the bypass line to regeneration. As each brick in the fold is treated as a single stone, it can be worked up to 10 to 20% below the dew point. The air per zone is conditioned in an unmixed mixing chamber according to its moisture content and temperature.

In FIG. 9b illustrates how air intake occurs. In doing so, it can be seen that air enters as well as exits from both sides of the duct. Preferably, the inlet velocities of the air in both of these channels are of different magnitude, thereby selecting the regulation of blowing of the brick stack.

The firing channel for the bricks arranged perpendicular to the transport direction is similarly furnished and presented in FIG. 10.

In the case of vertical brackets in the direction of transport, there is a further possibility to choose the bricks in the direction of transport or to cross them.

In the firing channel of FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the conveyance direction, and penetrations 36 in the firing medium are also provided, with the bricks 2 having their edges arranged on the bridges 37. These cut-outs also alternate the provided burners 42 and the suction devices, at the burners being preferably high-speed burners providing optimum energy transfer to the brick.

The hot gas flows through the upright holes of the bricks from below here and is deflected by the top of the burning duct and pushed again through the bricks of the adjacent set of upright bricks.

The cover 43 is preferably corrugated, with one wave each occupying two adjacent sets of bricks.

Even with the burning of bricks, the hot gases coming from the burners are conditioned by sections, i.e., the firing channel is divided into zones. In this way, we can operate at lower temperatures and by conditioning bring the temperatures closer to the values required to achieve the required core thermal conductivity. Preferably, substantially transverse flows are preferred.

With lower air consumption or. we also have to do with lower emissions.

As already stated, the operations to be observed, namely the loading of the broken bricks which may break and the packing of the bricks, are carried out on one side of the device in the control station area 19.

As a consequence of the same loading directions in both the drying and firing ducts, the device may be equipped with only one common emission device 45, so that, with respect to the emission sources, which are - conditioned by the device - typically two, it occurs when placing the device e.g. to cost savings.

FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of the device, with a tandem gripper 44 being provided in the loading area. The burned bricks that come through the return guide 22 are moved in front of the firing channel at the lower extremity (arrow a). Also at the very bottom level are the dried bricks returned by the return dryer of the dryer.

The tandem gripper then grabs both the dried and fired bricks together and moves them together in the direction indicated by arrow b. Dried bricks are thus in the right position for loading into the burning duct, and the burnt bricks can be packed.

Of course, there is also the possibility of giving up the return channel 17 and rearranging the bricks at the back of the unit. The cost savings for the return ducts are certainly linked to the disadvantage that the bricks have no time to dry. In addition, brick loading cannot be controlled from a central location without aids, and no single person can fire the entire machine.

The device described here is easy to maintain and relatively short despite its high capacity. This will also result in a shorter installation time and a lower base cost.

Wienerberger Ziegelindustrie Aktiengesellschaft

For her: PATENT OFFICE

LJUBLJANA

Claims (38)

A method of drying and / or firing a brick blanket, characterized in that each blanket (2) is arranged separately and in such a spacing between the other blankets on the conveyor for drying (12) and / or firing (20), all raw materials act as single stones during drying and / or firing. Method according to claim 1, using upright blanks, characterized in that each blade (2) is arranged in one layer on a drying medium (12) and / or firing (20) in such a way that the blanks are arranged in strings (3 ), at least when ducts are formed by the spacing between the channels, channels (K) are formed alternately for air inlet and outlet. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the spacing (b) of the workpieces from each other in one set (3) is selected smaller than or at most equal to four times the thickness (B) of the wall of the outer shell of the erect hollow cavity. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the erect bricks are arranged with the transversal holes (4) transversely to the transport direction (T) · Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the erecting bricks are arranged with the upright holes in the direction of transport. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical bricks are arranged with the vertical holes extending vertically in the direction of transport. Method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the organization of the arrangement of the bricks is selected equally for drying and firing. 8. The method according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the channels for alternately pushing through the air, respectively. to suck air through or. from horizontally spaced upright holes (Figs. 4, 5). Method according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the incoming hot gases are pushed into the ducts (K) between the upright bricks during firing of the bricks from the burners. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the hot gas gases coming from the burners are laterally guided to the upright bricks. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that, when drying the bricks, the counter-currents of air are guided through the vertical holes by the vertically arranged upright holes arranged in adjacent arrays of bricks. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that when firing the bricks, the hot gas counter currents are guided through the vertical holes by the vertically arranged upright holes arranged in adjacent arrays of bricks. 13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the air of the dryer and / or hot gases are forced through a series of bricks and (after) diverted again through the upright holes of the bricks of the adjacent string. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the air of the oven or hot gases coming from the burners are conditioned by sections. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying as well as the firing are carried out in the same transport direction. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the drying air and / or hot gases coming from the burners are each supplied from both ends of the air duct (K) or. hot gas inlet and / or outlet ducts. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the inlet air velocities of the dryer are respectively. hot gases that are fed into each other by the ends of the duct, different. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to claims 1 to 17, with a dryer (8) having at least one channel of the dryer and preferably with a firing furnace (9), in which at least two moving transport means for drying (12) are arranged at least in the channel of the dryer. as well as, as the case may be, in the firing channel of the kiln, the transport means for firing (20) for picking up the blanks, characterized in that the channel (8) of the dryer and preferably the firing furnace (9) are arranged adjacent to each other, and that the means of transport when drying or. the firing bricks move in the same direction, so that loading into the channel of the dryer and, if necessary, the channel is carried out on one side, and that there are nozzles (15, 16) in the dryer for supplying or. air outlet arranged alternately or respectively. in a kiln, the burners are arranged in a row. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the conveyances for the bricks are made of carts, straps, airbags or sticks. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the conveyor means for firing has a bottom for receiving the bricks, wherein between the bricks in the channels, they are arranged in the direction of the ceiling of the channel, being narrowed and essentially turned into forming guiding devices. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the suction and / or intake intervals are arranged alternately at a distance between them in the upper region of the dryer (8). pressure bodies (28), and that these are suction or. pressure bodies lowering between the bricks and again lifting in the direction of the channels (K). Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that a cover (35) is provided above the bricks (2), which has spacers for the intake or intersection. pressure bodies (28). Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the inlet nozzles or nozzles are respectively. the air outlet for drying and / or the burners for firing in each transport cycle arranged in the area of the channels (K) made between the bricks for the formation of the air wall or. hot gas walls. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the bottom of the drying conveyor (12) is provided with punctures (36) arranged side by side so that two bricks (( 2) one set of bricks in their peripheral areas to be in the breakthroughs. below the ground in which the breakthroughs (36) are located, the blowers and suction devices (38, 39) arranged alternately, and that the corresponding recesses (40) are provided in the upper area of the dryer, each having two recesses (40) interconnected to allow air to be traversed. Apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that the air inlet occurs on both sides of the dryer duct and that the air inlet velocities of the two inlets are variable. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the firing conveyor (20) comprises a bottom provided with punctures (36) such that, in each case, the bricks (2) disposed apart from each other by a set of bricks with their marginal areas are adjustable to the remaining bridges (37) to alternately dispose of the burners (42) and / or the burners (36). suction devices and that a cover (38) is provided above the bricks to allow air to be diverted. Apparatus according to one of claims 18, 24 or 26, characterized in that the means of transport flowing through the dryer channel and / or the firing channel are guided closely one after the other. A device according to claim 26, characterized in that the burners are high-speed burners. 29. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that the cover is corrugated, with one wave each covering two sets of bricks. Apparatus according to claim 18 or 24, characterized in that the dryer (8) comprises two forward-spaced, mutually separated channels (13, 14) for forward running. Apparatus according to claim 18 or 16, characterized in that the tunnel furnace (9) comprises two firing channels (9a, 9b) adjacent to one another. Device according to claim 18 or 30, characterized in that a return channel (15) is provided below the duct or channels (13, 14) for the coated transport vehicle (12) for drying. 33. Apparatus according to claim 18 or 31, characterized in that it is parallel to the tunnel kiln (9), but outside it provides a return guide (22) for the coated firing vehicle (20). Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the conveyor (20) for firing with the loading elements (24) for the bricks (2) has a full bottom. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that an air inlet tube is provided in the upper area of the dryer duct (s), and the air inlet tube is rotatable about its axis. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that it is for both the dryer (8) and the kiln (9) on the inlet side of the drying means (12, 20). the firing in the device is the total emission device (45) intended. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that it is on the inlet side of the transport means (12, 20) for drying or. the firing provided is a tandem gripper (44), whereby the bricks, which are each retracted through the respective return guides (15, 22) in the respective device, are dried and fired at the lowest level, moving together. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that they are suction or. pressure bodies (28) made as with conduit (29) for inlet or outlet. the intake of air arranged in their upper region, provided with rectangular hollow bodies, and that they have openings (30) for exiting or exiting on opposite lateral surfaces. air intake. Wienerberger Ziegelindustrie Aktiengesellschaft For her: PATENT OFFICE 22910-decidedU0-ing.SK-VI / 93 SUMMARY A process for drying and / or firing brick blanks, each stack (2) being loaded on its own and at such a distance from the other blanks on a drying vehicle (12) and / or firing (20) so that all blanks are dried and / or to the spirits as single stones. PATENT office Ljubljana F / g.3 PATENT OFFICE Ljubljana