SE521641C2 - Förfarande för framställning av papper, förfarande för framställning av en mikrogel av polyaluminosilikat och mikrogel av polyaluminosilikat i vatten - Google Patents
Förfarande för framställning av papper, förfarande för framställning av en mikrogel av polyaluminosilikat och mikrogel av polyaluminosilikat i vattenInfo
- Publication number
- SE521641C2 SE521641C2 SE9802705A SE9802705A SE521641C2 SE 521641 C2 SE521641 C2 SE 521641C2 SE 9802705 A SE9802705 A SE 9802705A SE 9802705 A SE9802705 A SE 9802705A SE 521641 C2 SE521641 C2 SE 521641C2
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- microgel
- weight
- particle size
- average particle
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000349750 Baphia nitida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000274883 Urtica dioica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009108 Urtica dioica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006320 anionic starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/76—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by choice of auxiliary compounds which are added separately from at least one other compound, e.g. to improve the incorporation of the latter or to obtain an enhanced combined effect
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/26—Aluminium-containing silicates, i.e. silico-aluminates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/779,099 US5707494A (en) | 1994-03-14 | 1997-01-06 | Process for preparing water soluble polyaluminosilicates |
| PCT/GB1997/003552 WO1998030753A1 (en) | 1997-01-06 | 1997-12-24 | Paper making process |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE9802705D0 SE9802705D0 (sv) | 1998-08-11 |
| SE9802705L SE9802705L (sv) | 1998-08-11 |
| SE521641C2 true SE521641C2 (sv) | 2003-11-18 |
Family
ID=25115323
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9802705A SE521641C2 (sv) | 1997-01-06 | 1998-08-11 | Förfarande för framställning av papper, förfarande för framställning av en mikrogel av polyaluminosilikat och mikrogel av polyaluminosilikat i vatten |
Country Status (29)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5707494A (de) |
| JP (1) | JP3818455B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100537963B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1105805C (de) |
| AT (1) | AT412289B (de) |
| AU (1) | AU727134B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR9708006A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2247846C (de) |
| CH (1) | CH693215A5 (de) |
| CZ (1) | CZ297174B6 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19781630B4 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK175142B1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2160026B1 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI115238B (de) |
| GB (1) | GB2325676B (de) |
| HU (1) | HU225248B1 (de) |
| ID (1) | ID20304A (de) |
| LU (1) | LU90267B1 (de) |
| MX (1) | MX207393B (de) |
| MY (1) | MY116176A (de) |
| NO (1) | NO320156B1 (de) |
| NZ (1) | NZ331240A (de) |
| PH (1) | PH11997058974B1 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL193601B1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2180026C2 (de) |
| SE (1) | SE521641C2 (de) |
| SK (1) | SK285597B6 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998030753A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9711592B (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2189351C2 (ru) * | 1997-06-09 | 2002-09-20 | Акцо Нобель Н.В. | Полисиликатные микрогели и материалы на основе диоксида кремния |
| TW527457B (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2003-04-11 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Manufacture of paper and paperboard |
| TW524910B (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2003-03-21 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Manufacture of paper and paperboard |
| TW483970B (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2002-04-21 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | A process for making paper and paperboard |
| TW550325B (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2003-09-01 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Manufacture of paper and paperboard |
| US6379501B1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2002-04-30 | Hercules Incorporated | Cellulose products and processes for preparing the same |
| US6358365B1 (en) | 1999-12-14 | 2002-03-19 | Hercules Incorporated | Metal silicates, cellulose products, and processes thereof |
| US7629392B2 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2009-12-08 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Silica-based sols and their production and use |
| US7732495B2 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2010-06-08 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Silica-based sols and their production and use |
| GB0619035D0 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2006-11-08 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Siliceous composition and its use in papermaking |
| US8097127B2 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2012-01-17 | Basf Se | Siliceous composition and its use in papermaking |
| GB0702248D0 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2007-03-14 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Manufacture of Filled Paper |
| GB0702249D0 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2007-03-14 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Manufacture of paper or paperboard |
| AR066831A1 (es) | 2007-06-07 | 2009-09-16 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Soles a base de silice |
| CL2008002019A1 (es) | 2007-07-16 | 2009-01-16 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv | Composicion de carga que comprende una carga, un compuesto inorganico cationico, un compuesto organico cationico y un polisacarido anionico; metodo para preparar dicha composicion; uso como aditivo para una suspension celulosica acuosa; procedimiento para producir papel; y papel. |
| AR072689A1 (es) | 2008-07-14 | 2010-09-15 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Soles basados en silice metodo para producirlos uso y metodo para producir papel que los utiliza |
| SE537737C2 (sv) * | 2013-03-01 | 2015-10-06 | Stora Enso Oyj | In-Line-framställning av kiseldioxid för retentionsändamål ien pappers- eller kartongtillverkningsprocess |
| US9771271B2 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2017-09-26 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Silica sol |
| CN108716160A (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-30 | 句容市茂源织造厂 | 一种增强浆料添加层的制备方法及其在瓦楞纸板中的应用 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE451739B (sv) * | 1985-04-03 | 1987-10-26 | Eka Nobel Ab | Papperstillverkningsforfarande och pappersprodukt varvid som avvattnings- och retentionsforbettrande kemikalie anvends katjonisk polyakrylamid och en speciell oorganisk kolloid |
| DE68914638T2 (de) * | 1988-01-13 | 1994-07-21 | Eka Nobel Inc | Polyaluminosilikat-mikrogel, verfahren und zusammensetzung. |
| US5176891A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1993-01-05 | Eka Chemicals, Inc. | Polyaluminosilicate process |
| US4927498A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1990-05-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Retention and drainage aid for papermaking |
| SE461156B (sv) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-01-15 | Eka Nobel Ab | Saett foer framstaellning av papper varvid formning och avvattning aeger rum i naervaro av en aluminiumfoerening, ett katjoniskt retentionsmedel och en polymer kiselsyra |
| US4954220A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1990-09-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polysilicate microgels as retention/drainage aids in papermaking |
| SU1656032A1 (ru) * | 1989-06-06 | 1991-06-15 | Киевский Политехнический Институт Им.50-Летия Великой Октябрьской Социалистической Революции | Способ подготовки бумажной массы дл изготовлени конденсаторной бумаги |
| SE500387C2 (sv) * | 1989-11-09 | 1994-06-13 | Eka Nobel Ab | Silikasoler, förfarande för framställning av silikasoler samt användning av solerna i pappersframställning |
| CA2044644A1 (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-12-15 | Gerard Le Fevre | Method for the production of finely divided particulate siliceous material |
| FI920246A0 (fi) * | 1992-01-20 | 1992-01-20 | Kemira Oy | Foerfarande foer tillverkning av papper. |
| US5279807A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1994-01-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for preparing low-concentration polysilicate microgels |
| US5543014A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1996-08-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing water soluble polyaluminosilicates |
| US5482693A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1996-01-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing water soluble polyaluminosilicates |
-
1997
- 1997-01-06 US US08/779,099 patent/US5707494A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-23 ZA ZA9711592A patent/ZA9711592B/xx unknown
- 1997-12-24 CZ CZ0322198A patent/CZ297174B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 SK SK1372-98A patent/SK285597B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 GB GB9818211A patent/GB2325676B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-24 WO PCT/GB1997/003552 patent/WO1998030753A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-24 PH PH58974A patent/PH11997058974B1/en unknown
- 1997-12-24 PL PL97328510A patent/PL193601B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 AT AT0902897A patent/AT412289B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 ID IDW980086A patent/ID20304A/id unknown
- 1997-12-24 HU HU9902021A patent/HU225248B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 BR BR9708006-3A patent/BR9708006A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 NZ NZ331240A patent/NZ331240A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 CA CA002247846A patent/CA2247846C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-24 DE DE19781630A patent/DE19781630B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-24 AU AU53335/98A patent/AU727134B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-24 JP JP53061698A patent/JP3818455B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-24 KR KR1019980707007A patent/KR100537963B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-24 CN CN97192810A patent/CN1105805C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-24 CH CH01809/98A patent/CH693215A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 RU RU98118229/12A patent/RU2180026C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-24 ES ES009850013A patent/ES2160026B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-24 DE DE19781630T patent/DE19781630T1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-01-05 MY MYPI98000043A patent/MY116176A/en unknown
- 1998-07-30 NO NO19983513A patent/NO320156B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-05 LU LU90267A patent/LU90267B1/fr active
- 1998-08-11 SE SE9802705A patent/SE521641C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-17 MX MX9806653A patent/MX207393B/es unknown
- 1998-09-03 DK DK199801111A patent/DK175142B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-09-04 FI FI981900A patent/FI115238B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| NUG | Patent has lapsed |