SE422543B - KIT FOR CASTING CONCEPTIVE CONCRETE ELEMENTS IN A LONG SHAPE BED AND RAILBALL FOR MOLDING TROLLEY FOR USE IN EXECUTING THE KIT - Google Patents

Description

C) 8OÛ2Û29- trolleys running along the mold bed, preferably with their own drive.

A method according to the present invention which fulfills the above-mentioned objects is essentially characterized in that after casting and hardening successive shaping is carried out by means of means present on a trolley, which pulls out a mold holder and exposes the cast concrete element by depressing the mold against the mold , vertically movable mold holder elements, whereupon after the removal of the cast concrete element one or more additional carriages are used for successive preparation for subsequent casting operation by cleaning the molds and in these precisely applying insert elements, e.g. rubber slabs, which are then at least partially molded into the consecutive concrete elements.

Utilization of trolleys equipped and functioning in the specified manner allows for extremely rational and efficient concrete element production, in particular through simplification and streamlining of the work operations that must be performed between the casting process itself, ie. primarily during demoulding, cleaning and completion of the mold for re-casting. The use of carriages of the specified type extending on rails along the mold bed reduces heavy and time-consuming manual operations which would otherwise be required to a minimum, while at the same time offering the possibility of such accuracy and reproducibility of the manufacturing process, which is an important prerequisite for high-level mechanization and automation. of this which is extremely sought after.

When applying the method in practice, it is preferred that the mold is depressed by means of special hydraulically impacted depressing rods present on the demolding carriage, whereby the vertically movable holding elements are simultaneously lifted to receive the mold released from the cast elements.

This offers the opportunity for expedient cooperation between the means used for the various movements, so that essentially the same drive means can be used both for the downward movement of the CD RÉ) f 3 rg CD push-down rods and the upward movement of the holding elements.

According to a preferred embodiment, in which the demolding trolley is self-propelled at at least two different speeds, the trolley is caused to creep into a correct position in relation to the mold during crawling, after which the trolley is made to stop and by means of means located on the trolley fixed relative to the mold bed stands. pulled out and the mold is depressed.

By having the demoulding carriage support both the means required for its soluble fixation to the mold in question and the means enabling safe and efficient demolding, an increase in the reliability and efficiency of the method is achieved, above all provided that accurate positioning of the trolley in relation to the mold is possible. as well as an appropriate application of the forces required for the depression of the mold.

In order to enable concrete element production according to factory standards, it is of particular importance that the various molds in the mold bed are thoroughly cleaned of concrete residues after the demolding operation. The cleaning operation is also of particular importance in the case in question here, as the mold must be prepared for grouting special insert elements, e.g. rubber plates. Any remaining concrete particles in the mold can in fact lead to a skew as these insert elements must then be applied in the mold, which has fatal consequences for the quality of the pre-cast concrete elements. Tests have shown that vacuuming of the mold is not sufficient due to the strong adhesion to the mold sides of the remaining concrete particles. Thus, some type of mechanical machining of the mold sides is required to remove concrete residues, but tests have shown that this does not give a completely satisfactory result either. Surprisingly, however, it has been found that mechanical processing of the mold sides by means of suitable scraping means, e.g. scrap plates in combination with blowing | \ J \ O (D OC) S CD NJ CD ha xo I (3 of air under high pressure by means of nozzles immersed in the mold gives a very good result.

Accordingly, according to a further development of the method according to the invention, it is proposed that the molds be cleaned of concrete residues by combined blowing and scraping using vertically movable scraping means engaging against the inside of the mold and blowing nozzles inserted into the mold.

Said blowing nozzles, which are suitably of fan shape, produce a linear jet of air, which cuts like a knife against concrete particles adhering to the mold. The scraper means, in turn, are used primarily to remove concrete particles in the area of the insert elements which are to be inserted thereafter, since it is extremely important that these assume the correct position in the mold.

By moving the scraper members up and down in the mold, an efficient mechanical cleaning operation is achieved, at the same time as the adhering concrete particles are exposed to the powerful air jets. The removed concrete residues are collected in the bottom of the mold from which they can be easily removed by means of a vacuum cleaner, which is suitably arranged on a subsequent, likewise track-bound carriage.

The additional carriage, which provides the inserts, e.g. rubber plates to be applied to the mold suitably accommodate these inserts in one or more cassettes provided with a dispensing mechanism. It is then preferred that said carriage is fixed in the exact position relative to the mold by means of centering means directed downwards from the mold, that an insert element present in a cassette is then discharged to the mold, that the carriage is released from the mold and crept a predetermined distance. and said discharged insert element is pressed into the mold, whereupon it is sealed in the area of the element.

By using a specially designed trolley of the specified type, precise and accurate application and fixing of inserts to be cast in is ensured, at the same time as the human work effort in connection with the process CC) CD IQ FJ KO can be limited to essentially only refer to monitoring.

Time-consuming and heavy manual work in connection with the mold's preparation for casting is reduced to the minimum possible.

The invention also relates to a rail-bound forming trolley for use in the manufacture of consecutive concrete elements of the type indicated in a mold bed for concrete casting, which essential characteristics of the forming trolley are stated in claim 6.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing figures. Corresponding elements have been given the same reference numerals in the various figures.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a rail-bound forming trolley for use in applying the method according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the carriage according to Fig. 1.

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a detail of the trolley according to Figs. 1 and 2. K Figs. 5-8 illustrate a cleaning trolley provided with crane means and blowing nozzles for use in the application of the invention, Fig. 5 showing the trolley seen from above.

Fig. 6 is a front view of the carriage according to Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a side view of the carriage according to Figs. 5 and 6.

Fig. 8 shows in its left part a part of the side view of the carriage according to Fig. 7 on a larger scale, while the right part of Fig. 8 shows the corresponding part of the carriage seen from the front on the same scale as the left part of the figure.

Fig. 9 is a side view of a rail-bound insert element application trolley for use in the method according to the invention.

Fig. 10 is a top view of a carriage according to Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 shows the carriage according to Fig. 9 and LO seen from the front.

Fig. 12 shows a cassette together with a discharge mechanism for a trolley according to Figs. 9-11.

Fig. 13, finally, is a top view of a cassette of a cart according to Figs. 9-11.

The rail-bound forming carriage shown in Figs. 1 and 2 consists of a strong frame 1 which carries four rail-going wheels 2, which are driven via a chain by a reversible hydraulic motor 3. The carriage further carries two movable yokes 4 , which also carry in the mold pivotable, vertically movable holding elements 5. These are rotatable 900 by means of a hydraulic cylinder 6. The holding elements are accommodated in a vertical guide 7. There are also two hydraulic cylinders 8 for raising and lowering the yoke. 4. On each yoke there is also a cam guide 9. In addition, there are four rotary pressure cylinders 10 for holding the carriage when the mold is depressed.

The carriage also carries four rollers 11, which on the upward movement of the yoke 4 actuate four arms 12, which thereby clamp down spring-actuated depressing rods 13.

The carriage further accommodates four extractor cylinders 14, the purpose of which is to release horizontally movable mold holders 15 from the mold 16. The trolley also accommodates two additional hydraulic cylinders 17, which via an internal hydraulic system actuate a release cylinder 18. Furthermore, there is a hydraulic unit 19.

The trolley operates as follows: After starting the engine 3, the trolley moves forward at maximum speed. Thereafter, the engine receives 3 impulses for "creep driving". The engine then runs at low speed until the carriage has reached the depressing position, after which the engine 3 stops. In connection therewith, impulse is given to the rotary pressure cylinders 10, which are rotated under the frame of the mold bed and pressurize the carriage.

During the inward movement of the rotary pressure cylinders 10, the rotary cylinder 6 is activated, which via link arms 24 rotates the holding elements. The cylinder 6 then receives a renewed starting impulse and activates the mold holders 15, whereby the return movement of the cylinders 14 is also initiated.

Thereafter, the hydraulic cylinder 8 is activated, which thereby displaces the yoke 4 vertically upwards. When the outer ends of the yoke 4 strike the rollers 11, the depressing rods 13 are clamped down via the arms 12, whereby the mold is released. When the yoke 4 moves upwards, the holding elements 5, which are attached to the respective yoke 4, follow upwards.

When the yoke 4 has assumed its uppermost position, the mold 16 has been depressed approximately 50 mm. In the uppermost position of the yoke, the cylinder 18 has also been actuated by a cam 9 releasing the piston rod of the cylinder 17.

The hydraulic fluid in the system will then be forced back 8002029-0 by the spring in the cylinder 18, which means that the release cylinder 18 presses the extraction cylinder 14 upwards, which is thereby released from the mold holders (cf. Figs. 3 and 4).

After the downward movement of the cylinder 8, the holding elements 5 are swung out at the same time as the rotary pressure cylinders 10 perform return movement 900. When all rotary pressure cylinders have performed such return movement 900, the engine 3 starts, whereupon a new feed takes place.

There is a crash protection on the front of the trolley, which in the event of an obstacle shuts off the drive motor. As stated in the above description, the trolley, together with the associated machine equipment, operates mainly completely automatically, whereby the operator only has to ensure that the machine has assumed the correct position from the beginning and to otherwise monitor the process.

The trolley described above has the same length as the manufactured concrete element, for example the concrete grinder. The trolley then works successively by treating in succession in a specified manner successive molds along the mold bed.

After demoulding and removal of the cast concrete elements - which is conveniently done by means of special trolleys movable along the bed which have lifting means engaging against the concrete elements - work begins on preparing the mold for re-casting. In the first place, the mold is then cleaned, whereby a special cleaning trolley is used, which will be described below with reference to Figs. 5-8. The mold must be further oiled, which suitably takes place after special elements such as rubber plates, which are to be molded into the concrete elements, have been applied to the mold. This is also done using a special carriage described below with reference to Figs. 9 and 10.

The cleaning trolley shown in Figs. 5-8 consists of a powerful frame 61 with four rail wheels 62, which are driven via a chain by a reversible air motor 63. The trolley accommodates four pneumatic cylinders 64 and two pneumatic cylinders 65 for displacing holders 66 upwards. and down.

The holders 66 support a number of fan-shaped blowing nozzles 67, which generate linear air currents directed towards the mold sides under high pressure. The blowing nozzles cooperate with sixteen scraper plates 78, which engage against the mold sides and thereby clear them of concrete residues. The scraper plates 78 are caused to move up and down under the action of the cylinders 65A and 65B which perform a slow oscillating movement. The trolley also has an air compressor 68 and four solenoid valves 69. The cleaning trolley is also designed to be able to move along the mold bed at two speeds. The motor 63 thus drives the carriage at maximum speed until it receives an impulse for crawling. The carriage then moves slowly forward until it has reached the correct position, whereby the engine stops and the cylinder 64 fixes the carriage in this position. Thereafter, the cylinder 65A begins to move under the action of limit switch (not shown), with the solenoid valve 69A opening. The cylinder 65A then performs a return movement until further limit switch (not shown) is actuated, whereby the direction of movement of the cylinder is reversed, and so on. At the same time, time relays (not shown) that cause cyclic closure resp. opening of the valves 69A and 69B, whereby at appropriate time intervals air under high pressure departs from the blow nozzles 67.

When the cylinder 64 moves to the initial position, the engine 63 starts, whereupon a new cycle begins.

The trolley also has a collision protection with a safety switch 79. Special protection plates 80 prevent splashing of concrete residues in connection with the reindeer blasting.

Figures 9 and 10 show another carriage intended to apply rubber rail inserts of the type described in Swedish patent specification 73 06727-4. For this purpose, this trolley consists of a stand 31 which receives four rail wheels 32, which are driven via a chain by a reversible hydraulic motor 33. The machine furthermore has a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 34, 35 and 36 as well as cassettes with a discharge mechanism for the plates 37. In addition, there is a hydraulic unit 38 for driving cylinders and motor 33.

When starting the engine 33, the machine moves forward at a maximum speed of 8ÛÛ2Ü29-Û until the engine 33 receives an impulse for crawling. Thereafter, the engine 33 stops, the cylinder 34 being activated and via conical pins 42 on the piston rod clamping the carriage to the mold via a centering tube below it. The cassettes with plates are then centered in the middle over the corresponding contact plates in the respective shape.

Upon activation of the cylinder 34 and actuation of limit switches (not shown), a motor 44 present on the cassette starts, which actuates a discharge mechanism 45 consisting of a rotatable cross 46 arranged around a rotary shaft 47.

At the opposite end of the shaft 47 is a cam disc 48, which has four cams which act on a microswitch 49. The output motor 44 is thereby caused to move 1/4-turn at each new impulse and stops when actuated by microswitches 49.

When the discharge motor 44 moves 1/4-turn and emits a plate 59, and the microswitch 49 is actuated, the return movement of the cylinder 34 is started. When said cylinder has assumed its initial position, further limit position switches (not shown) are actuated, whereby the drive motor 33 starts and performs creep driving.

Then the cylinder 35 is activated, which via conical pins 42 on the piston rod clamps the carriage to the mold. The respective cylinder 36 for pressing plates is then centered in the middle over the respective plate inserted in the mold. After activation of the cylinder 35 and actuation of a further limit position switch (not shown), the respective cylinder 36 starts which, via a sprung punch 52 in the mold, clamps the respective inserted plate. Thereafter, first the return movement of the cylinder 36 and then the cylinder 35 begins. The carriage's drive motor 33 then starts for re-feeding at maximum speed. This carriage is also equipped with a collision protection 56, which breaks the drive motor in the event of an impact.

As will be apparent from the above, the described machine provides both accurate application of the plates in the mold and expedient sealing of the mold so that the subsequent casting process can take place completely without objection.

In order to make the said seal more efficient, plastic wedges (not shown) designed in a particularly 8002029-0 10 can be used. Additional work operations in connection with preparation for casting, such as drawing reinforcement ropes, can also be carried out by means of special carriages moving along the mold bed on rails.

Claims (7)

8002029-0 ll Patent Claim 1. l. When casting consecutive concrete elements, e.g. concrete sleepers, in a long mold bed consisting of a number of adjacent, vertically movable molds using carriages movable on rails extending along the mold bed, characterized in that after casting and hardening successive molding is carried out by means of means present on a carriage, which pulls out each mold holder and exposes the cast concrete element by depressing the mold against vertically movable mold holder elements swung in under the mold, whereupon after the removal of the cast concrete element one or more additional carriages are used for successive preparation for subsequent casting operation by clean the molds and in the molds exactly apply inserts, e.g. rubber slabs, which are then at least partially molded into the consecutive concrete elements. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mold is depressed by means of special hydraulically actuated depressor rods present on the demoulding trolley, wherein the vertically movable holding elements are simultaneously lifted to receive the mold released from the cast elements. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the demolding trolley is provided with its own drive device with at least two different speeds, characterized in that the trolley is made to assume the correct position in relation to the mold during crawling, after which the trolley is made to stop and by means of the existing means of the trolley are fixed relative to the bed frame of the mold, before the mold holders are pulled out and the mold is depressed. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the mold is cleaned of concrete residues by combined blowing and scraping using vertically movable scraping means engaging against the inside of the mold and blowing nozzles inserted into the mold for delivering an air jet of high print. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein additional carriages accommodate inserts, e.g. rubber plates, which are to be applied to the mold in one or more cassettes provided with a dispensing mechanism, can be characterized in that the carriage is fixed in relative position relative to the mold by means of centering means directed downwards from the mold, after which. an insert element present in a cassette is discharged to the mold, the carriage is released from the mold and crawled a predetermined distance, whereupon the carriage is fixed relative to the mold again and said discharged insert element is pressed into the mold, whereupon it is sealed in the area of the insert element. Rail-bound forming trolley for use in the manufacture of consecutive concrete elements such as concrete sleepers in an elongate bed of successive molds, which trolley comprises a frame (1) provided with rail wheels (2) and drive motor (3), characterized means (10) for releasably fixing the carriage in a precise position relative to the mold (16), means (14) for pulling out the mold holder (15) between the mold (16) and its bed frame, means (13) for depressing the mold, so that the precast and hardened concrete element is exposed, and vertically movable and sub-mold pivotable means (5) for receiving the mold (16) separated from the element. Trolley according to claim 6, characterized in that the depressing means comprise at least four arms (12) arranged to cooperate with four depressing rods (13) engaging in the corners of the mold, and which arms cooperate with vertically movable yokes (4), which in addition, said mold-holding means (5) can be pivoted under the mold.