RU2683520C1 - Method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of ravine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: irrigation.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydrotechnical melioration and can be used in drip irrigation on slopes. When implementing method of irrigation of fruit trees and bushes on ravine slopes water source, water conduit, water distribution units, distributing and irrigation pipelines, water-measuring equipment, device for mixing and dosing fertilizers and water intake are used. Water source is equipped with a pump. Pump is hydraulically connected by pressure water conduit with reserve water tank. Water discharge branch pipes are connected to distributing pipeline in water distribution units. In end part of branch pipes there installed are water receivers with reservoirs. Reservoir comprises inlet and outlet holes and housing arranged in vessel. Housing in lower part is equipped with equalizing chamber with float in the form of biconvex lens. Outlet branch pipe of the case is fixed by means of threaded connection with the equalizing chamber case. Lower part of the chamber is connected to an additional outlet branch pipe and to an irrigation pipeline with droppers. Float with shutoff elements is installed in the body. Body and float are spherical. Locking elements are made in the form of conical needles. Inlet and outlet branch pipes have conical sockets. Shutoff socket of inlet branch pipe is located in container. Shutoff socket of outlet connection pipe is coaxially connected with equalizing chamber. Container is additionally connected with the balancing chamber by means of tubular channels. Channels are connected with side holes in walls of outlet branch pipe. Lower end of the body is rigidly attached to the vessel bottom. Housing is detachable. Distributing pipeline is laid on surface of the earth along slope of slope ravine. Irrigation pipelines are laid on the terrace. Top of the droppers from the branch pipes is placed above the ground surface. Drippers are made of corrosion-resistant polymer material.EFFECT: simple operation of the irrigation system, high quality of irrigation and uniformity of irrigation water consumption, as well as higher yield of fruit trees and bushes.4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for drip irrigation on sloping plantations of fruit trees, shrubs and other plants in places where terraces are used when developing slopes and irrigation with low irrigation rates.

The proposed technical solution is intended, first of all, to create new ones and reconstruct exploited ones, where it is difficult to use the natural terrain, and where special areas with even coverage in the form of narrow terraces on the slopes of the ravine from the top to its sole are needed.

In general, for the right choice of a method, both for strengthening and with small doses of irrigation, here should be taken into account: soil structure, degree of slope, proximity of groundwater, the likelihood of natural damage - landslides, erosion, shedding. If for a hollow slope, planting of plants that fix the soil with their roots is enough, then the steep slopes of the ravines require specially prepared sites (sections) in the form of narrow terraces and structures for their strengthening in order to determine the irrigation of these plants with small irrigation norms.

The design of the slope by plants by an artificial way of protecting against shedding, strengthening the slope on the terraces can occur naturally, however, at the same time, irrigation with small irrigation rates can occur using progressive drip irrigation.

A known method of capillary irrigation from the closed soil of fruit trees and a vineyard, including the installation of a pipeline with water outlets, which are performed at the locations of the bowl-shaped vessel with an opening in its upper part and which are hermetically connected to the water outlet of the pipeline for supplying irrigation water to it, while the bottom of the bowl-shaped vessel has through holes for wetting the soil at the location of the root system of fruit trees and a vineyard (RU Patent 2532338, A01G 25/06 from 11.10.2014).

This method requires the formation of a trench between landings, in which a bowl-shaped vessel in the form of a hollow toroid with holes is successively laid along the landing. However, this method has a high complexity in the need to form trenches between the landings and lay a complex bowl-shaped loan and complicates the operation of the system, and also does not allow to automate the water supply process, establish the optimal air-water regime and increase the reliability of operation.

Known methods for the development of slopes (Author's certificate SU: No. 959650, АВВ 79/02, А01В 13/16 from 09/23/1982, and also No. 1653553, А01В 13/16 from 07/07/1991). They can be used in the creation of tree plantations and the effective development of slopes by preventing slipping of the soil of the bulk slopes of terraces. However, these mastered slopes are not structurally tied to the implementation of irrigation of sloping lands with small doses of water, and do not allow creating the optimal solution for sloping lands, taking into account the specific conditions of the irrigated area.

A known method of securing multi-root gullies, including the formation of a cascade of earthen dams along their main channel and planting of ameliorative plantations on them, earthen dams are placed at the branch points of the screwdrivers from the main channel, at the tops of the ravine and its screwdrivers they build bulk terraced platforms, the position of which is given by reverse slopes and ramps are arranged on the sides of the platforms (Copyright Certificate SU No. 1667651, АВВ 13/16 of 08/07/1991).

The disadvantages of the described method, despite the existing possibility of placing in the ravine and its screwdrivers, giving a transverse terrace-shaped profile and arranging slopes on their sides at a certain angle, include limited functional capabilities of the surface of the bulk sites of drip water supply to plants, as well as large capital investments and increased reliability work.

A well-known irrigation network for irrigation of sloping lands, including a system of distribution pipelines, irrigation pipelines connected to them with water outlets of drip water supply to plants, irrigation pipelines at the points of their connection to the distribution are equipped with flow controllers, and in the end part - a bypass device and laid with a positive slope. At the same time, the pipelines in the upper part have air outlets, and the water outlets are made in the form of a variable-capacity tank mounted vertically, and a calibrated hole is made in the lower part of each tank (Copyright Certificate SU No. 1304785, A01G 25/02 of 04/23/1987).

The disadvantages of this system are that the location of irrigation pipelines above the surface of the earth precludes the possibility of inter-row processing of various plantings, while there is no possibility of supplying water over the upper zone of the plants, thereby unevenly moistening the soil above the upper zone of the plant. In addition, the limited functionality and low operational reliability of these outlets of drip water supply to plants, and also does not allow to automate the water supply process and establish the optimal irrigation regime and improve reliability.

The closest analogue (prototype) to the claimed method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of the ravine is a system of subsurface focal irrigation, including a main canal or water conduit, distribution or irrigation irrigation with a plug at the end of the pipeline, focal humidifiers from perforated tubes in the root zone, water-measuring equipment , a device for mixing and dosing fertilizers, while the distribution pipeline is equipped with taps with a graduated flow rate, irrigate The pipeline is formed by pieces of flexible pipes connecting the humidifiers in series and slopes towards the end of the planting; the humidifiers are made of open polyethylene pipes with a length of at least 600 mm with two outlets at a level of 200 mm from the upper end with the flexible pipes connected to the latter to receive irrigation water from water intake, freely installed above the landing horizontal and connected to cranes having perforations at the lower end with a hole diameter of 2-3 mm, and the water intake is a water pressure quencher from the distribution extraction pipeline, provides a direction to both sides of it along a number of landings and creates the necessary pressure in the irrigation pipeline, while the humidifiers penetrate into the soil with a rod equipped with a conical tip, a handle and a stop and inserted inside their open tube with the possibility of excavation (Patent RU No. 2337528, A01G 25/00 dated 11/10/2008).

The disadvantages of the known system is that it does not consider the construction of terraces and irrigation leads at the beginning of punching holes with rods to the desired depth (this is difficult to do manually for hard soil) and only then the humidifier is introduced with holes at the end, which leads to additional labor costs manually, and it is also necessary to overcome the root system of trees in compacted compacted soil. This results in poor watering quality, both due to the presence of pressure losses along the length of the pipe, and due to siltation of the humidifier holes due to the soil getting wet after wetting and the holes are calcined. Another disadvantage is that the water intake, which is the distributor and quencher of water, can also be silted with small impurities, which are always present in it even with good water treatment. Moreover, in the materials of the known technical solution, it was noted that water supply restriction is introduced, for which graduation is applied to the tap on the distribution pipe, while the water flows into the water intake, and the valve opens so that the water does not overflow over the edge of the water intake, which is difficult in practice perform, and this reduces the functionality of the water intake and it is much higher than the level of planting in the row of plantings, and it is necessary to change the altitude depending on the growth of plants Deputy of their development, the lack of the possibility of a regulated water supply to the root zone of plants excludes the possibility of inter-row processing of plantings, since the location of irrigation pipelines is above the ground. In addition, flexible hoses are not durable and are prone to breakage during prolonged use (cracks, etc.).

This method of irrigation is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The technical task is to reduce the labor costs of control by reducing the elements of the controlled devices of the irrigation pipeline when supplying water to plants in accordance with their need for each phase of growth and development, increasing the yield of fruits and ensuring operational reliability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of the ravine, including the use of a water source, a water conduit, water distribution units, distribution and irrigation irrigation pipelines, water metering equipment, a device for mixing and dosing fertilizers, a water intake, according to the invention, an irrigation system at the water source equipped with a pump, a filter, hydraulically connected to a pressure standby tank with an adjustable valve, a water meter on the main pipeline de and a distribution pipe having a water distribution unit and each water supply pipe with adjustable taps is hydraulically connected to the irrigation polyethylene pipe by means of a water intake, which is made in the form of a closed container and is provided in its lower part with a body with equalization chamber and with two different-shaped floats, one of which in their lower part in the equalization chamber is made in the form of a biconvex lens, and the lower part of the body of the equalization chamber is connected to an additional output th connection, by means of a threaded connection, wherein the second float is made in the cavity of the housing and is located in the lower part of the tank, the lower part of the housing in the form of an outlet pipe connected by a threaded connection to the housing with the upper part of the surge chamber, the outlet pipe of the housing is made with a conical locking device and a conical needle, which is connected with a spherical element in the form of a conical needle in the inlet pipe installed in the housing, the body of which is made spherical, and the side the outlet pipe shafts are made with openings connected by drainage tubular channels with a capacity, while the equalization chamber is made with a recess in the form of a spherical segment with the placement of a biconvex lens of the float with a sphere radius equal to or less than the radius of the lower float lens, while the distribution polyethylene pipelines are laid on the surface land towards the slope of the ravine, and irrigation polyethylene pipelines are laid at a depth of 20-30 cm from the surface of the earth, and irrigation pipelines p they are placed along the axial line of the terrace plantings at a distance of 0.5-0.8 m, the droppers are made of a corrosion-resistant polymer material, and their top is placed higher from the surface of the earth, and watering is carried out in accordance with the agronomic and timing of the formation and development of plants wherein the controlled water distribution unit at the junction with the water supply pipes is installed on the surface of the earth.

In addition, an additional outlet pipe and the lower part of the surge chamber are connected to the irrigation pipe by means of an adjustable tap.

In addition, in order to regulate the flow rate in the main pipeline, the pressure tank with an adjustable valve serves as an additional reserve source of water.

In addition, the housing, located in the tank, perform detachable.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the proposed method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of the ravine allows you to create the optimal drip irrigation regime taking into account the specific conditions of the slope ravine with terraces - the quality of irrigation water, recommended norms, water-physical properties of the soil. Moreover, the proposed method is structurally simple to install, operate and highly reliable, since during the filling of a closed container with water, a ball-shaped float together with a locking member in the form of a conical needle is located in the niche of the outlet pipe of the camera body connected to the equalization a camera also with a biconvex lens of the float (lower float), the additional output of which is connected by means of a threaded connection, while the additional output the pipe with an adjustable tap is connected to an irrigation polyethylene pipe with droppers, which are made of a polymer material that is resistant to corrosion, and they are placed above the ground in the zone of planted plants. The outlet pipe of the housing located directly in the container is opened with a conical needle to fill the surge chamber body with water, while the biconvex lens of the float (lower float) drops to the bottom due to water entering through the holes in the bottom of the surge chamber into an additional outlet pipe connected through operated crane with irrigation polyethylene pipe. This allows the conical needle to open lateral openings in the conical wall of the conical socket in the outlet pipe of the casing, connected to the drainage tubular channels with the space of the container, then water enters the surge chamber, water is sucked from the casing made in a spherical shape, in which a float (upper) bounded in the upper position of the inlet pipe having a conical locking slot. The total flow of water begins and then into the irrigation polyethylene pipeline with droppers (for open taps). It should be noted that during such work, the tank is not silted with fine sediment, so they are removed with water. Thus, the process of watering will be constantly offered by droppers until all of them are shut off or one of the adjustable valve is closed (made by a ball valve).

Therefore, the claimed invention does not follow for specialists explicitly from the prior art and is the result of the creative work of the inventors.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

The essence of the proposal is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a diagram of a method for irrigating fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of a ravine; in FIG. 2 - section of the terrace from the top to the bottom; in FIG. 3 - installation diagram of a water intake in the form of a container when supplying irrigation water from a distribution pipeline; in FIG. 4 - connection diagram of a dropper to an irrigation polyethylene pipeline.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

On the sloping eroded territory, the distribution boundary of the area of terracing and irrigation with fruit trees, shrubs and other plants is determined. Then, within the known boundaries, plan sections of terraces of 2-3 m wide are developed, starting from the top towards the sole (foot) of the ravine.

In the proposed method, an irrigation system with water distribution units on distribution pipelines with water inlets and irrigation polyethylene pipelines with droppers is designed on arranged terraces.

Thus planned terraces of the slope ravine include a water source 1, a pump 2, a water pipe 3, a clean water filter 4 hydraulically connected to a water tank 5 (reserve) through shut-off valves 6, 7, 8, while the number of reserve water tanks 5 can be more than one . Shut-off and control valves 7 are used to connect the meter 9 for accounting of flowing soda on the main pipeline 10. To control the pressure on the main pipeline 10, a manometer 11 is used. For monitoring and adjusting the flow rate, there is a unit 12 with adjustable valves 13 and 14, which are hydraulically connected to the distribution pipe 15. On the distribution polyethylene pipeline 15 along the length it is divided, according to the terraces, into the distribution nodes 16 and 17, which are hydraulically connected through the water supply pipes 18 and 19 with cranes 20 and 21 to water inlets 22 and 23 and irrigation polyethylene pipes 24 and 25 laid to a depth of 20 30 cm from the ground, from which droppers 26 are carried out to attached circles of trees 27 (and other plants planted on the terrace), which are controlled from the soil surface with the help of rotary ball valves on an additional outlet pipe 29.

The nodes 16 and 17 of the water distribution on the distribution polyethylene pipe 15 communicate hydraulically with water supply pipes 18 and 19 with water inlets 22 and 23, which are made in the form of a container 30 in the lower part, which arrange the housing 31 with the inlet pipe 32 and the outlet pipe 33, located to the side equalization chamber 34, the lower part of which is made bottom 35 with outlet openings 36 and connected to an additional outlet pipe 29 through an adjustable valve 37 (or with a second valve 38) with an irrigation polyethylene pipe 24 (or respectively with the second crane 25), i.e. nodes 16 and 17 are arranged with two branches with supply pipes, respectively, with adjustable taps. This ensures the specified switching with a given water supply to each individual directly into the irrigation polyethylene pipelines 24 and 25 with droppers 26 in the automatic mode of autonomous action along with the operation of the installed housing 31 in the tank 30 for the delivery of irrigation water. The housing 31 itself can be called as a generator of water supply of a given rate of continuous operation in automatic mode. The housing 31 includes an upper float 39 made in the form of a spherical polymer material that is resistant to corrosion. The locking elements 40 and 41 are in the form of conical needles, the inlet pipe 32 of the housing 31 is located in the container 30, and the output pipe 33 is located below the bottom of the container 30, is connected by means of a threaded connection to the equalization chamber 34 with an additional outlet pipe 29 with an adjustable valve 37 and irrigation pipe 24 with droppers 26.

The nozzles 32 and 33 are made with conical sockets 42 and 43. The locking socket 42 of the outlet pipe 33 is connected to the equalization chamber 34 in the cavity, which perform the recess 44 in the form of a spherical segment. Its radius is equal to or less than the radius of the sphere of the installed lower float 45 in the form of a biconvex lens of the float 45.

The side walls of the outlet pipe 33 are made with outlet openings 46 and 47, are connected by tubular channels 48 and 49 with the space of the tank 30 filled with water. The housing 31 is detachable. This allows for proper maintenance. The outlet pipe 33 is connected by means of a surge chamber 34 made with a spherical segment and, through the outlet openings 36 in the bottom 35, is coaxially connected to an additional outlet: a pipe 29 with an irrigation polyethylene pipe 24 with droppers 26. As a guide for moving the vertical movement of the upper ball float 39 serve as locking elements 40 and 41, presented in the form of conical needles, placed in the nozzles 32 and 33 with locking sockets 42 and 43.

Distribution pipeline 15 through the main pipeline 10 through the counter 9 measuring cold water (CXB) with adjustable taps 6, 7, 8 (in the form of a ball valve), placed after the pump 2 (water tank 5) water supply is selected with a diameter according to the passage (CXB) for supplying water to the main pipeline 10. The counter 9 can be used as a counter for measuring the volume of cold water, for the supply of the main pipeline 10 from a source of water intake to an irrigation network with droppers for watering fruit trees, shrubs and other plants in accordance with their needs water at a temperature from +5 to + 40 ° C, at a predetermined pressure not more than 1 MPa (10 kgf / cm ^2). The meter data is resistant to external magnetic fields. To prevent pollution from the incoming water from source 1 or from the water tank 5 (the amount of the latter is set as reserve, in case of disconnection of the water source 1 in the dry season or other technical needs of the source, as well as to maintain the pressure mode in the main pipeline 10), install a filter 4 fine cleaning of known types. The pressure loss on the meter at the maximum water flow rate (Q _max ) does not exceed 0.1 MPa (1 kgf / cm ² ). The service life of the meter is 12 years. The principle of operation of the counter 9 is to measure the number of revolutions of the impeller rotating under the action of flowing water. The number of revolutions of the impeller is proportional to the volume of flowing water. The rotation of the impeller is transmitted to the counting mechanism, which provides, due to the reduction gear, the ability to measure the volume of water flowing towards the irrigation network through the proposed devices with water supply nozzles of the water distribution unit, a container with a water distribution device, and then to irrigation polyethylene pipelines with droppers when the plants use water in various vegetative periods of the year. The integrator of the counting mechanism allows with sufficient accuracy to determine the indications of the volume of water for any given period of time on a given plot of irrigation of terraces of a sloping ravine and the ability to control the irrigation system. The capacity 30 with the housing 31 of the device gives out time specified irrigation norms along the length of the irrigation polyethylene pipe 24 with droppers 26.

Since the state of plant development depends on both the period of irrigation and the use of various plants and their development phases, as a result of using adjustable taps 20 and 21, it is possible to regulate the flow of water into the water inlets 22 and 23, made in the form of a tank 30 with a float 39, as well as using equalization chamber 34 with a float 45 during operation of irrigated polyethylene pipelines 24 and 25 with droppers 26. For the case of water discharge at the end of seasonal irrigation, as well as for the winter period or for flushing the pipeline o cover the plug or cranes 28, 72, 73. It is necessary to lay irrigation polyethylene pipelines 24 and 25 on each terrace of the slope ravine to a depth of 20-30 cm from the surface of the earth, on which droppers are installed, and the droppers are installed on top of the root system of irrigated plants that provide dosed supply of water on the surface of the earth to planted fruit trees, shrubs and other plants. The construction of drip irrigation on the slopes of the ravine from polyethylene pipelines and other elements of devices with polymer material, like droppers, have the properties for making corrosion resistant.

It should be noted that during installation the pressure polyethylene pipelines of the irrigation system have sufficient water pressure, and there is no need to count on giving them a positive slope, since the slope of the ravine, starting from the top to its sole, already has a natural steep slope, i.e. in accordance with the laying on the ground of distribution pipelines is carried out taking into account the steepness of the slope. The length of each irrigation polyethylene pipelines laid directly in the soil on the terraces themselves depends on the stuffy of the latter, and the hydraulic calculation is based on the total flow rate of all droppers along the length of each irrigation pipeline. In addition, in addition, at high points of the water distribution unit, it is necessary to provide installation of plungers of known designs (not shown for simplicity) to release air from the system.

The construction of drip irrigation on the slopes of the ravine from polyethylene pipelines and the polymer material of droppers and other devices have properties for the manufacture of corrosion-resistant.

The dropper 26 is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe 48 installed in the hole 46 of the wall 47 of the irrigation pipe 24 (25). The pipe 48 is threaded to which the inlet pipe 49 is connected with a ball valve 50, the outlet pipe 51. To the middle part of the pipe rigidly interconnected 49 and 51 at an angle attach the side of the additional pipe 52 with a mesh filter 53 located therein with a cylindrical shape with a fixing nut 54 to press the filter 53 to the socket 55, made between the tides inside the pipe 49 and 51. In the upper part the outlet pipe 51 install a saddle 56, the spherical float 57 is covered with an elastic sheath 58 and freely placed above the mesh filter 53 of a cylindrical shape.

The expanded part 59 of the dropper body passes into a cylindrical tip 60, a working channel 61 located in the cylindrical tip 60. The expanded part, the conical part 59 and the outlet pipe 51 are connected with their ends, respectively, to the latch stops 62 and 63, made in the form of annular plates around the first short pipe 64, equipped with an internal thread 65 and fastened with a hollow pipe 66 with an external thread 67 in the form of a hollow cup with a nut 68 fixing above, over the pipe 66. The pipe 66 is aligned with in relative ball float 57 with elastic covering 58 so that, when it ascend upwards constantly engages the toothed projections 69, the depth of the slits therebetween operate such that the locking sleeve 51 when the nut 68 in the flow rate of water corresponding to the maximum value. The tides 70 of the pipe 51 are used for convenience of turning (screwing in and out) of the pipe 51 in the first short pipe 64 by hand with a fixing nut 68.

When assembling the dropper with an irrigation pipe, 24 a mesh filter 53 of a cylindrical shape is inserted into an additional nozzle 52 obliquely in the hole 71 connecting the nozzles 49, 51, 52, respectively, into the socket 55, then fixed by pressing the nut 54. To pass water, open the ball valve 50 to open corresponds to the maximum flow rate in the dropper. A ball float with an elastic shell makes up a bulk density of less than 1 g / cm ³ with respect to the specific gravity of the water, then the float floats up without sharp impacts, even at high pressures.

The manufacture of all elements of a dropper of a cylindrical shape with the corresponding connections using a thread in one piece, facilitates the manufacture of their assembly, i.e. the dropper device is simple, compact, the cost of parts is reduced.

The work of the method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of the ravine is carried out in the following sequence.

From the water source 1, the pump 2 feeds water into the water pipe 3 through the filter 4 to the reserve water tank 4 through the shutoff valves 6 and 8 (adjustable valves), while the shut-off element 7 on the main pipeline 10 is closed. In the water tank 5 (their number may be more one), the water purified from all suspensions can be used if, for some technical reason, the water source does not work, then the accumulated water in the drip irrigation system (one of the warrants) can be used.

In another case, the water from the water source 1 is pumped into the water pipe 3 through the filter 4 directly into the main pipeline 10, laid on the upper terrace of the slope ravine. In this case, the shut-off valves 6 and 7 are opened, and the shut-off valves 8 (adjustable valve) are closed.

The purified water then goes through the meter 9 into the main pipeline 10.

If it is necessary to increase the biological activity of water, a nutrient solution of readily soluble mineral fertilizers is added to the irrigation water from a hydraulic feeder (not shown for simplicity), while watering, open the adjustable tap 14 on the distribution polyethylene pipe 15 and close the adjustable tap 13 on the main pipe 10 .

The pressure in the main pipe 10 is controlled using a manometer 11. Water under pressure from the main pipe 10 enters the distribution polyethylene pipe 15, and through the node 16 or 17, the water supply pipe 18 or 19, with an adjustable valve 20 or 21 fills the tank 30, the ball float 39, under the action of a weight force, rests on the locking element 40 and overlaps the conical locking slot 42 and the outlet openings 46 and 47 connected to the tubular channels 48 and 49 in the lower part in the form of an outlet pipe 33, which is connected with a bang an impressive chamber 34, the chamber of which is connected by an additional outlet pipe 29, the opening of which is coaxially connected to the bottom located through an adjustable valve 37, then to the irrigation pipe 24 with droppers 26. After full filling, the water level in the closed container 30 rises above the height of the inlet pipe 32, and water begins to flow into the hole in the locking slot 42 of the housing 31. The upper float 39 floats, the locking element 41 overlaps the hole in the locking slot 43, and the locking element 40 opens the lower conical locking e socket 42 and outlet openings 46 and 47 of the outlet pipe 32. The drainage of the water located in the tank 30 through the tubular annals 48 and 49 begins, at the same time the water is sucked out from the lower part of the housing 31, and through the equalization chamber 34 with the second placed in it of the cavity of the biconvex lens of the float 45, through an additional outlet pipe 29 with an adjustable tap 37 is directed into the irrigation polyethylene pipe 24 with droppers 26. As water emerges on the soil surface, in the irrigation zone above the root system of plants, drops itsami maintain equal irrigation rate, which can also be adjusted by valves 50 for each type of fruit trees, shrubs or other plants growing on the terrace. Droppers 26 work with a wide range of irrigation water flow rates, are hydraulically connected to a pressure irrigation polyethylene pipe 24 or 25, which are laid along the rows of planted plants, droppers can be placed when ringing around the circle of plants. This allows you to issue a different irrigation rate between the boundaries of water closure in the root-inhabited layer, there is an air layer for the soil. The presence of accessible moisture and air in the soil layer provides intensive growth of plants according to their phases of development and maximum yield. The total flow rate depends on the supply of irrigation water through the water distribution nodes 16 and 17 with water inlets 22 and 23 and with adjustable taps.

Thus, the irrigation system of fruit trees, shrubs and other plants through droppers 26 depends on the phases of plant development and the time of supply of the volume of water spent for each plant. In this regard, during the operation of irrigation pipelines 24 and 25, part of the droppers 26 along the length of the irrigation pipeline can be turned off (according to the design of the dropper), respectively, in the irrigation pipeline 24 or 25, the excess water pressure increases sharply from the bottom up to the side of the tank 30, in which housing 31 is placed, while the float 45 in the form of a biconvex lens of the float 45 hydraulically connected with the cavity of the housing 31 and with the capacity 30, the lifting force acts on the float 45 and it floats in the direction of the recess 44, the water discharge decreases automatically. If at this point in time all the droppers are again opened at the calculated flow rate, then the float 45 located in the equalization chamber 34 will sink to the bottom 35 with the outlet openings 36.

When the droppers 26 are completely turned off, the recess 44 will automatically overlap in the form of a spherical segment of the equalization chamber 34 from the outlet pipe 33 of the housing 31.

Simultaneously with this process, the pressure in the tank 30 rises filled with water - no watering. Thus, depending on which plant is planted on the terrace of the slope ravine, and which needs to maintain the flow rate of water in the irrigation pipe 24 or 25 relative to the water distribution unit 16 or 17, the float 45 in the equalization chamber 34 is fixed in the recess 44 in the form of a spherical segment, which allows you to set and maintain optimal water flow along the length of the irrigation pipe 24 or 25 with droppers 26. Therefore, costs are reduced along the length of the irrigation pipe depending on the number of working droppers 26 for irrigation various plants.

An embodiment is possible when, after the end of the set norm of watering from droppers 26, the adjustable tap 37 on the additional outlet pipe 29 is closed, watering is stopped, and the float 45 in the form of a biconvex lens float 45 closes the outlet in the recess 44 in the form of a spherical segment at the lower end of the outlet the nozzle 33 of the housing 31, while the container 30 remains filled with water (not flowing), and is ready to start a new irrigation cycle. In addition, in this ongoing process of leveling chamber 34 with a float 45, the outlet openings 46 and 47 and the tubular channels 48 and 49 of the outlet pipe 33 are not silted with fine sediment.

In another embodiment, it will be possible to close the adjustable taps 20 and 21, respectively, on the water supply pipes 18 and 19 near the nodes 16 and 17 of the distribution pipe 15 along its length. In this embodiment, almost all the water comes out of the tank 30 and from the housing 31 (with droppers 26 closed and the vent valve 72 opened, which allows the upper float 39 to fall down into the cavity of the housing 31, and the locking element 40 closes the locking slot 42 and the outlet, respectively connecting tubular channels 48 and 49 in the walls of the outlet pipe 33, while a small amount of water remains in the vessel 30 due to different volumes between the cavity of the vessel 30 and the cavity of the housing 31, while the second (lower) float 45 in the form of a double the slant of the float lens 45 will sink to the bottom 35 of the surge chamber 34.

The volume of the float 39, the volume of the housing 31 and the locking elements are in the form of conical needles 40 and 41 (diameter and length), as well as other design parameters of the device are determined by calculations known in hydraulics, which can reliably provide the authorized capabilities and design features of the entire drip irrigation system , i.e. irrigation of sloping lands with terraces without additional energy costs with the simplicity and reliability of the design of all parts of the nodes, and allows you to create the optimal irrigation regime for sloping lands with terraces, taking into account the specific conditions of the irrigated terrace area in a wide range of applications. The period of operation of the irrigation system depends on the regulation of the above adjustable taps and water inlets.

In order to prevent stagnation of water or the onset of the winter period, plugs or taps 28, 72, 73 are provided on the main, distribution pipelines and irrigation pipelines to ensure the flow of water into the open network (or drainage).

Thus, during the entire seasonal period of operation of the method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of a ravine with terraces, the cold water meter (SHW) is a universal measuring device (unit) and can be used to measure the volume of water in automatic mode, which is very important when water must be paid to users, according to the water supplied to irrigation pipelines with droppers. The measurement error, which reaches the standard no more than ± 2% in water consumption, which means that the accuracy of the poured water will reduce, and the financial costs of its use in the practice of progressive drip irrigation and allows you to automate the water supply process, establish the optimal air-water regime and increase reliability work.

It should be noted that if you choose the right equipment for drip irrigation systems, then using the drip irrigation method, this can be done individually for each vegetation. Advantages over other types of irrigation: saving water, improving the root system, soil aeration, plant protection, simplifying agronomic technology, eliminating soil erosion, reducing energy and labor costs, the attitude to the proper watering of different soils in their structure. In addition, drip irrigation is also beneficial for growing lawn grass on sloping ravines. After all, its root system is located at a depth of about 15 cm, and in hot weather there is a chance of quick drying of the topsoil from the wind and the sun, where the soil dries quickly.

The proposed invention enables a comprehensive approach, both watering and decorating this territory, for example, such a relief in parks turns a ravine into a beautiful blooming garden (An example could be a slope ravine located in the historical center of Vladimir, “Patriarchal Garden”, Russia is the region of the Klyazma River, which nature itself created).

In general, this will make it possible to facilitate the long-term operation of irrigation of sloping lands and to provide better working conditions for staff, creates favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, and increases productivity. At the same time, the field of application for drip irrigation is expanding, which creates a moisturizing zone necessary for nutrition of the plant root system in a given period. The irrigation operation mode is selected depending on the cultivated crop and soil type.

Claims (4)

1. The method of irrigation of fruit trees and shrubs on the slopes of the ravine, including the use of a water source, a water conduit, water distribution units, distribution and irrigation pipelines, water measuring equipment, a device for mixing and dosing fertilizers, a water intake, characterized in that the irrigation system at the water source is equipped with a pump, a filter hydraulically connected to a standby pressure tank with an adjustable valve, a water meter on the main pipeline and a distribution pipe a house with a water distribution unit, each water supply pipe with adjustable taps is hydraulically connected to the irrigation polyethylene pipe by means of a water intake, which is made in the form of a closed container and is provided in its lower part with a body with equalization chamber and with two different-shaped floats, one of which is in the lower its part in the surge chamber is made in the form of a biconvex lens, and the lower part of the surge chamber body is connected to an additional outlet pipe by means of a threaded together, the second float is carried out in the cavity of the housing and is located in the lower part of the tank, and the lower part of the housing in the form of an outlet pipe is connected by a threaded connection to the housing with the upper part of the equalization chamber, the outlet pipe of the housing is made with a conical locking device with a conical needle, which associated with a spherical element with a conical needle in the inlet pipe installed in the housing, the housing is spherical, and the side walls of the outlet pipe are made with holes, connected drainage tubular channels with a capacity, while the equalization chamber is performed with a recess in the form of a spherical segment with the placement of a biconvex lens of the float, with a radius of the sphere equal to or less than the radius of the lens of the lower float, while distribution pipelines are laid on the ground towards the slope of the ravine, and irrigation polyethylene pipelines are laid at a depth of 20-30 cm from the surface of the earth, and irrigation pipelines are placed along the axial line of the terrace landings at a distance of 0.5-0.8 m, cap lnitsy made of a polymeric material resistant to corrosion, and their top positioned above the ground surface, and watering is carried out in accordance with agronomic terms of formation and development of plants, wherein the controllable water distribution node at the connection to the water supply pipes installed on the ground surface. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the additional output pipe in the lower part of the equalization chamber is connected to the irrigation pipe by means of an adjustable tap. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that for the purpose of regulating the flow rate on the main pipeline, the pressure tank with an adjustable valve serves as an additional reserve source of water. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the housing located in the tank, perform detachable.

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