RU2764266C1 - Local subsurface irrigation system for perennial plantations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The system contains a water source, distribution and irrigation irrigation pipelines, humidifiers, water-measuring equipment, a pumping station, hydraulically connected by a pressure pipeline with a hydraulic feeder, distribution and irrigation pipelines. Distribution and irrigation pipelines are located on the soil surface with plugs at the ends. Along the entire length of the irrigation pipelines, flexible microtubes with a pitch of 3000-4000 mm are mounted, connected to subsurface humidifiers, made of corrugated with an external one-sided perforation up to 3.5 mm in diameter with a pitch of 150 mm along the entire length and laid in a circle of the planting hole to a depth of 40- 50 cm. The system is additionally equipped with a device for the preparation of irrigation water, including a hydrocyclone, a block of disc and mesh filters.

EFFECT: invention provides directed uniform local distribution of moisture in the root layer of the soil, equalization of pressure and normalization of pressure in the system of local subsurface irrigation of perennial plantations.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to hydromelioration, and can be used for irrigation of perennial fruit plantations.

A device for combined micro-irrigation is known, including a housing with a lid, drip and micro-sprinkler water outlets and a switching mechanism in the form of a spring-loaded valve with a stem, in which the switching mechanism is equipped with a valve operating position lock made in the form of a disk with a gear ring and grooves installed in the upper part of the stem on the side surface and the corresponding disk with a gear rim mounted on the inner surface of the cover, and guide projections made on the inner surface of the upper part of the housing (Patent RU No. 2129775. Publ. 10.05.1999).

The disadvantages of the known technical solution include, firstly, the inability to carry out subsoil irrigation, and, secondly, the need for repeated supply of irrigation water under high pressure as command pulses. All this leads to hydraulic breaks in flexible irrigation pipelines of low-volume irrigation systems.

A known drip irrigation system includes a water source, a pumping station with filters and an irrigation network in the form of irrigation pipelines with droppers, and at least one irrigation pipeline with droppers is equipped with nozzles for fine spraying of macro- and microelements dissolved in water, herbicides, fungicides and acids, in which the nozzles are placed on telescopic rods with the possibility of changing the position in height above the soil level, while each nozzle is connected to the irrigation pipeline by means of a sleeve and a tee and has a diffuser made as a single piece with the body, a membrane made of an elastic elastic material, an adjusting screw with a needle at the end and a nut with a stiffener connected to the body, and the membrane is mounted on the needle of the adjusting screw with the possibility of mating with the conical cavity of the diffuser; the step of placement of nozzles on the irrigation pipeline is 3-4 times greater than the maximum radius of spraying water with a nozzle; the opening angle of the conical cavity of the diffuser is less than 90°; the opening angle of the conical cavity of the diffuser is more than 90°, but less than 180°; the membrane diameter is 1.05-1.15 times greater than the diffuser diameter (Patent RU No. 2322047. Published on April 20, 2008).

The disadvantages of the known technical solution include the impossibility of providing a favorable irrigation regime for plants with a highly developed root system.

There are known drip irrigation systems (DIS) used in foothill areas on large slopes (0.3) in areas with insufficient water supply in areas with rugged terrain, light soils, soils subject to water erosion, and also where there are low-yield sources of clean water. (Drip irrigation (manual to SNIP 2.06.03-85) "Reclamation systems and structures", Moscow 1986, V / O "Soyuz water project"), including water intake structures, pressure-generating units, (pumping station), irrigation automation units, filters, water metering equipment, a device for mixing and dosing fertilizers, distribution and irrigation pipelines, drippers.

The disadvantages of the known method include limited functionality, the use is possible only in areas in the foothill areas with differences or large slopes of the soil surface.

A well-known system of intrasoil focal irrigation, including a main canal or conduit, distribution and irrigation irrigation with a plug at the end of pipelines, focal humidifiers from perforated tubes in the root zone, water metering equipment, a device for mixing and dosing fertilizers, while the distribution pipeline is equipped with taps with graduated flow water, the irrigation pipeline is formed by segments of flexible tubes connecting humidifiers in series, and has a slope towards the end of a row of plantings, humidifiers are made of open polyethylene tubes with a length of at least 600 mm with two outlets at a level of 200 mm from the upper end with flexible tubes connected to the last irrigation water from a water intake, freely installed above the horizontal of plantings and connected to taps, and having a perforation at the lower end with a hole diameter of 2-3 mm, and the water intake is a water pressure damper from the distribution pipeline, providing directs it to both sides of it along a number of plantings and creates the necessary pressure in the irrigation pipeline, while the humidifiers are deepened into the soil with a rod equipped with a conical tip, a handle and an emphasis and inserted inside their open tube with the possibility of extracting it (Patent RU No. 2337528, publ. 11/10/2008).

The disadvantages of this system include uneven soil moisture in the root zone.

For the prototype, a system of subsoil irrigation of fruit and berry and forest crops was chosen, including a water source, water conduit, distribution and irrigation irrigation pipelines, focal humidifiers in the root zone, water metering equipment, a device for mixing and dosing fertilizers, characterized in that the irrigation system at the water source is equipped with an avankamera - a sump with trash and fish protection structures, a pumping station hydraulically connected by a pressure pipeline to a water-settling tower, a flow-through electric water activator, a hydro-feeder, distribution and irrigation pipelines with branches to focal humidifiers, distribution and irrigation pipelines are laid at a depth of a = 50 ... 60 cm from the surface of the earth, irrigation pipelines are located from the center line of plantings at a distance of l = 2 ... 2.5 m, humidifiers in the form of a rake grid of pipes there is a flow controller controlled from the ground and having an adjustment scale, the humidifiers are made of a corrosion-resistant polymer material and have perforations made over the entire surface, the flowing water electroactivator includes coaxially arranged electrodes, a semi-permeable diaphragm between them, while the outer electrode, acting as a housing, has the shape of a hollow cylinder with connecting threaded tips installed in the threaded grooves of the inlet and outlet pipelines, and the inner electrode is a petal water flow guide, while the petals, made in a logarithmic spiral, are placed inside the body along a left-handed helical line. (Patent RU, No. 2152710, published on July 20, 2000).

The disadvantages of this system, adopted by us as a prototype, include limited functionality, expressed in pressure losses along the length of the focal comb humidifier, which leads to uneven distribution of moisture in the root layer during irrigation.

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is the creation of an effective system of local subsoil irrigation of perennial plantations to ensure their optimal water regime.

EFFECT: directional uniform local distribution of moisture in the root layer of the soil, equalization of pressure and normalization of pressure in the system of local subsoil irrigation of perennial plantations.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the system of local subsoil irrigation of perennial plantations, including a water source, distribution and irrigation irrigation pipelines, humidifiers, water metering equipment, a pumping station hydraulically connected by a pressure pipeline to a hydraulic feeder, distribution and irrigation pipelines, is characterized in that the distribution and irrigation pipelines are located on the surface of the soil with plugs at the ends, along the entire length of the irrigation pipelines flexible microtubes are mounted with a pitch of 3000-4000 mm, connected to subsoil humidifiers, made corrugated with one-sided perforation in diameter up to 3.5 mm with a pitch of 150 mm along the entire length and laid around the planting hole to a depth of 40-50 cm, while the system of local subsoil irrigation of perennial plantations is additionally equipped with an irrigation water preparation device, including a hydrocyclone, a block of disk and mesh filters.

The essential distinguishing features of the claimed invention, which affect the technical result, are the design features of the system.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing. In FIG. 1 shows the irrigation system in plan, Fig. 2 - intrasoil humidifier.

The system of local subsoil irrigation of perennial plantations in the figure includes a water source 1, a pump 2, a pressure pipeline 3, a storage tank 4, a pumping station 5, an irrigation water preparation device 6, consisting of a hydrocyclone and a block of disk and mesh filters, a main pipeline 7, a distribution pipeline 8 and irrigation pipeline 9 with shut-off valves 10 and plugs 11 at the ends of the pipeline. Additionally, the local subsoil irrigation system is equipped with water metering equipment 12 in the form of pressure, flow and water level sensors, a hydraulic feeder 13, flexible microtubes 14, subsoil humidifiers 15 corrugated with external one-sided perforation.

The system of local-soil irrigation of perennial plantations works as follows.

Water intake is carried out from a water source 1 by a submersible pump 2, hydraulically connected to a pressure pipeline 3 through which water enters the storage tank 4, from which, using a booster pumping station 5, after passing through a block of disk and mesh filters 6, irrigation water through the main 7 enters the distribution tank. 8 and irrigation 9 pipelines located on the soil surface, with shut-off valves 10 and plugs 11 at the ends of the pipeline. Additionally, the local subsoil irrigation system is equipped with water metering equipment 12 in the form of pressure, flow, water level sensors and a hydraulic feeder 13. Further, irrigation water through flexible microtubes 14, mounted along the entire length of the irrigation pipelines with a pitch of 3000-4000 mm according to the planting scheme, connected to subsoil humidifiers 15, made for ease of installation, corrugated with external one-sided perforation in diameter up to 3.5 mm with a step of 150 mm along the entire length in order to rationally distribute irrigation water directly to the root mass of a perennial seedling. Intrasoil humidifiers are placed around the planting hole to a depth of 40-50 cm for direct local supply of irrigation water to the area of the root mass of the planted plant, in order to create an optimal irrigation regime for a perennial crop, this technical solution reduces the time for irrigation and eliminates the loss of water for evaporation , therefore, reduce energy and economic costs during irrigation.

Claims (1)

The system of local subsoil irrigation of perennial plantations, including a water source, distribution and irrigation irrigation pipelines, humidifiers, water metering equipment, a pumping station hydraulically connected by a pressure pipeline to a hydraulic feeder, distribution and irrigation pipelines, characterized in that distribution and irrigation irrigation pipelines are located on the soil surface with plugs at the ends, flexible microtubes with a pitch of 3000-4000 mm are mounted along the entire length of the irrigation pipelines, connected to subsoil humidifiers, made corrugated with external one-sided perforation in a diameter of up to 3.5 mm with a pitch of 150 mm along the entire length and laid in a circle of planting holes to a depth of 40-50 cm, while the system of local subsoil irrigation of perennial plantations is additionally equipped with an irrigation water preparation device, including a hydrocyclone, a block of disk and mesh filters.

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