RU2773959C1 - Drip-injection irrigation system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. The system contains a distribution pipeline and irrigation pipelines (3) with drip outlets. Each outlet is equipped with an injector made in the form of a funnel (6) filled with a hydrophilic porous material, coupled with a needle (7) 15-20 cm long, depending on the depth of the arable horizon, and an internal channel 5-15 mm in diameter, depending on the granulometric composition of the soil. The funnel (6) of the injector is equipped with additional needles (8) connected to it with flexible hoses (9).

EFFECT: non-pressure water supply and maintenance of a favorable water-air regime of the soil at the depth of the plant roots along the moistening contour are provided.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture and will find application in drip irrigation of vegetable crops, orchards and berry bushes.

Drip irrigation is an irrigation method in which soil moisture is carried out in the zone of maximum development of the root system of plants, which ensures its good aeration. With this method, water is continuously supplied in evenly falling drops to each plant throughout the growing season in an amount corresponding to the water consumption of this crop. (Borodychev V.V. "Modern technologies for drip irrigation of vegetable crops." Volgograd. 2010, pp. 9-13; 168.)

The disadvantage of this method is that during such irrigation, water spreads over the surface of the soil, forming a layer of waterlogged soil on its surface. This layer of soil, being under the influence of high temperature, quickly evaporates water, while compacting the soil and reducing its aeration.

Known irrigation system, including a water source with a vacuum valve and a water pipeline with outlet pipes, which are equipped with a container with a float valve and outlet pipe. The design of the irrigation system provides water supply to plants in accordance with their water consumption. (US Pat. No. 2119743, A01G 25/06, 1998).

The disadvantage of the design is the spreading of irrigation water over the soil surface and its further evaporation.

A device for local subsoil irrigation is known, made in the form of a vessel consisting of two parts: upper and lower, which are connected to each other using a detachable connection. The lower part of the vessel is buried in the ground next to the root of the plant, and the upper part, located above the ground, is removable and has two holes. Water is poured through one hole in the upper part of the vessel v, and through another hole associated with the hole in the lower part of the vessel, water enters from the upper part of the vessel to the lower part and then into the soil through one or more holes in the lower part of the vessel, (pat. RF No. 2 242 870, A01G 25/06, 2003)

The disadvantage of this device is that it works with an unregulated, unstable water supply. When the container is filled with water, it is supplied to the soil under pressure and non-capillary pores are filled, which leads to a violation of the water-air regime of the root layer of the soil.

A known method of drip irrigation in the cultivation of potatoes, including the formation of double furrows for planting tubers, laying pipelines with droppers between them, covering the furrows with a protective screen, planting tubers and supplying water from droppers. (RU, Pat. RF No. 2685146, 2018)

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of monitoring the operation of drip outlets and timely elimination of clogging.

Eliminate these shortcomings allows the proposed system of drip-injection irrigation, including a distribution pipeline and irrigation pipelines with drip outlets, according to the invention, each outlet is equipped with an injector made in the form of a funnel filled with a hydrophilic porous material, associated with a needle 15-20 cm long, depending on the depth of the arable horizon and an internal channel with a diameter of 5-15 mm, depending on the granulometric composition of the soil, while the injector funnel is equipped with additional needles attached to it with flexible hoses.

A new technical result from the use of the proposed system of drip-injection irrigation is that the combination of a surface location of the pipeline with droppers and underground water supply by an injector with filling its funnel with hydrophilic porous material and supplying additional needles ensures free-flow water supply and maintaining a favorable water-air regime of the soil at the depth of plant roots along the irrigation contour, without evaporation of moisture from the soil surface.

In FIG. 1 shows the drip-injection system in plan; in fig. 2 - drip-injection system in section; in fig. 3- triple injector.

The proposed system consists of a pumping station 1, a distribution pipeline 2, irrigation pipelines 3 with droppers 4 (Fig. 1, 2). Each dropper 4 is equipped with an injector 5, which is made in the form of a funnel 6 filled with a hydrophilic porous material with a main needle 7. To increase the humidification circuit, the injector 5 is equipped with additional needles 8 connected to the funnel 6 using flexible hoses 9 (Fig. 3).

The operation of the system is carried out in the following sequence: The system is mounted: from the distribution pipeline 2, irrigation pipelines 3 with droppers 4 are laid, placing the droppers in close proximity to the irrigated plant. Under each dropper 4, an injector 5 is installed in the form of a funnel 6 filled with a hydrophilic porous material with a main needle 7, which is buried in the soil at the location of the root system of irrigated plants. The needle has a length of 15-20 cm, depending on the depth of the arable horizon. The inner channel of the needle can be 5-15 mm in diameter, depending on the granulometric composition of the soil: on light soils - 15 mm, on medium soils - 10 mm, on heavy soils - 5 mm. Irrigation pipeline 3 is filled with water by supplying water by pumping station 1 through distribution pipeline 2, which enters through droppers 4 into funnels 6 filled with hydrophilic porous material of injectors 5. The hydrophilic material filling the funnel absorbs water and ensures its non-pressure, uniform supply to the body of needles 7. Receipt water from needle 7 to the roots of plants occurs as it is absorbed by the soil without reaching the surface. The formation of an enlarged moistening contour is provided by deepening within the zone where the roots of the needles 8 are located, connected with the funnel 6 by flexible hoses 9. The hydrophilic material filling the funnel 6 provides a free-flow supply of water to the bodies of the needles 8 as the water is absorbed by the soil.

Thus, the proposed system of drip-injection irrigation, excluding the evaporation of moisture from the soil surface, provides free-flow water supply and maintains a favorable water-air regime of the soil along the moistening contour directly at the depth of the roots of irrigated plants.

Claims (1)

Drip-injection irrigation system, including a distribution pipeline and irrigation pipelines with drip outlets, characterized in that each outlet is equipped with an injector made in the form of a funnel filled with hydrophilic porous material, coupled with a needle 15-20 cm long, depending on the depth of the arable horizon and an internal a channel with a diameter of 5-15 mm, depending on the granulometric composition of the soil, while the funnel of the injector is equipped with additional needles attached to it with flexible hoses.

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