1329495 九發明說明： 【發明所屬技術領域】 本發明係為一種節水灌溉施肥之方法及其裝置，特別 是指一種適合用於沙漠綠化等水源不足之場合節水灌溉 施肥之方法及其裝置。 【先前技術】 由於地球沙漠化影響，以及都市開發、人口增加等因 素影響，使傳统可供耕作之展地面積減少，因此促使農業 專家積極開發可在沙淇或是貧瘠的山坡地等缺乏水源之 惡劣地形栽種植物之技術。而在該類型惡劣地形栽種植 物，如何在有限的水資源下有效的灌溉及施肥，係成為錄 化成功的二個關鍵因素。 此外由於水資源短缺，以及過去農業上化學無機肥料 及農糗過度使用的因素，造成土壤無機化、酸化的情形， 均造成傳統的農業耕作技術發展之瓶頭，因此如何改善傳 統的農業耕作之灌溉與施肥方式，達到減少水資源的浪 费，與土壞污染惡化之情形，便成為相當重要之課題。 最傳統且最普遍的灌溉方法是地表灌溉法，其係將水 經由圳道或輪水管等直接引注到農田襄，使水份漫延到農 田各處的「漫灌」，這種灌溉法，由於水份經蒸發，滲漏 和流失，損耗均極嚴重’所以是效率最低、最浪费水源的 一種瓚溉法。 為改善傳統之浸漫方式的灌溉方法的缺點，發展出喷 水灌溉的螬溉方法，其係在田野間架設水管及喷嘴，將水 5 1329495 喷灑於土壤表面。該喷水灌溉法雖然可略微提升灌溉效 率，但實際上經由蒸發而損失的水份高達20%以上，且 風向及風速的變化經常擾亂喷灑作業，再加上起伏不平的 坡地影響，使灌溉無法平均。此外，管件、喷頭和抽水機 等必需設備的購置、維護與更新费用也相當高，所以仍然 不是理想的瓚溉法。 上述二種傳統的地面灌溉法均存在有浪费水泺，灌溉 效率不佳的缺點，此外其更嚴重的缺點是土壤長時問受灌 溉水及雨水沖刷，表層會形成「表土雎結」現象，而使得 土壤表面孔陈變小，而使得水分滲入地底的速度減緩，因 此使得灌抵水無法被土地有效吸收。 此外傳統的地表灌溉方法使得表土濕潤，因此使得土 地表面容易躉生雜草，其不但消耗水源，而且更會耗费相 當多的成本在除草工作上，且如果喷灑除草劑更會對環境 及人《I健康有極大影響。 後來以色列農業專家為了在沙漠地區栽植樹木及農 作物，發展出較為節水的滴水灌溉法，滴水灌溉法係為在 田野間佈設管線系統，該管線系统係依照植物生長之位置 設置一定問距的滴孔，且能依照植物生長所需的水量，滴 送到植物根系生長範团的土層内，使經常保持最好的濕潤 狀態》該種滴水灌溉法因為滴水的速度很慢，且水量可加 以控制，所以幾乎沒有蒸發、滲漏和流失的損耗，所以用 水效率極高，且能夠將液體肥料與水混合，施行灌溉舆施 肥的目的。 然而習用的滴水灌溉法其使用設儀包括：抽水機、主 6 1329495 管、副管、控制設備、液管和滴嘴等，初期投資成本也相 當昂贵，而且管線的設計必須相當注意各區域位置之水壓 均衡，否則將造成局部地區過潮，局部乾早情形，尤其在 山坡地地區此情形將會更加嚴重。 此外目前灌溉技術中，尚有地底灌溉法，地底灌溉法 係為在約地底ίο公分或有效土層的深度埋設供水管線， 使灌溉水直接注入到土壤裡層，而被植物根群所吸收。地 底灌溉法也同樣能夠達成極佳的灌溉效率，但是由於供水 管線必須埋設在地底，並需要有水壓機等加壓設備，因此 其投資成本最為高昂，一般農民根本無法投資•且其操作 時，如果不慎產生管線負壓的情形，泥沙便會被吸入地下 營線的出水口，而使得管線相當容易被泥沙所堵塞，因此 相當容易失效，且維護不易。 再者，就傳統之施肥方法來看，以往農業耕作為提高 產量，因此大量使用可快速大量生產之氮肥、磷肥及鉀肥 等化學無機肥料’但長期使用無機肥料之結果係會使得土 壤中的有機物質減少，而造成微生物或蚯蚓等大型生物減 少或滅絕，導致土壤變成密實舆板結之現象，因此使得土 壤漕溉水向下流動速度減緩的情形更加嚴重。 同時傳統的施肥方法係將肥料施灑於土壤表面，或是 將肥料埋在土壤表層，但肥料的施灑均都僅限於土壤的表 層’因此也同樣有肥料養分無法有效深入到土壤底層之現 象產生。由於植物根部生長有「向水性」及Γ向肥性」之 特性，因此以傳統之從土壤表面施肥或灌溉的方式，多數 的水分及肥料通常集中在約為深入土壤2〇公分以内的深 1329495 度範面内，因此無法引導植物根群向土壤較為深層的區域 生長。如此一來使得植物的根系浮淺，而使得植物的根群 只能吸收到較為浮淺的土壤表層的水分與養分》對於沙漢 或乾旱地區的綠化植物栽培而言，一般土壤表面因為長期 乾旱及氣候因素通常較為乾燥，而水分通常係保持在較為 深層的土壤中，因此如果植物的根群只能生長在較為浮淺 的土壤表層，便無法吸收到深層土壤中所保持的水分。 由以上說明可知，習用的灌溉及施肥方法存在有相當 多需改進之缺點’本發明人有鑑於此，乃苦思細索，積極 研究’加以多年從事相關產品研發經驗，並經不斷試驗及 改良，终於發展出本發明。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的，主要在於提供一種適合用於沙漠或其 他缺水區域栽種植物之節水灌溉與施肥方法及其裝置，其 主要技術手段，係為將肥料製成一具有透水舆保水性之圓 柱形肥料棒，將肥料棒垂直插置於欲灌溉之植物周团，並 使用一供水裝置以緩慢穩定而持續的方式將水份滴注於 肥料棒之上，使水分經由肥料棒為介質，而滲透進入土壤 層中。 本發明係《肥料棒作為栽種植物的基肥，其可提供植 物生長所需的緩性養分，且其可採用有機肥料製成，以補 充土壤有機質’增進土壤中微生物及大型生物之生長•此 外本發明可於供水裝置之灌溉水中添加水溶性肥料，以作 8 1329495 為添加植物追犯的手段’而使得灌溉與施加追把的程序一 起完成。 同時該肥料棒係製成具有孔隙透水性之構造，使水分 可經由肥料棒之導引而直接進入土壌裡層，避免土壤表面 蒸發之浪费，而提高用水效率，而且避免由土壤表面灌溉 及施肥對土壤表層沖刷，而造成土壤土質惡化情形。 並且藉由植物根部生長之向水性與向肥性，引導植物 根系圍繞生長在肥料棒的旁邊，使得植物根群能夠有效吸 收灌溉水分與肥料棒養分，而提高植物吸收水分舆養分的 效率，而達到更佳的灌溉效果。 本發明藉由以上技術手段，同時可達到增進灌溉舆施 肥之效率的目的，且可改善土壤性質，使其適合植物生 長，因此特別適合用於沙漠或其他惡劣地形栽種植物之目 的，同時本發明所使用裝置整體構造簡單，使其投資成本 低廉，而更有助於本發明技術推廣》 本發明為達成上述及其他目的，其所採用技術手段茲 採較佳實施例並配合相關圖式詳細說明如下。 【實施方式】 如圈1~2所示係為本發明之節水灌溉舆施肥之方法 之主要技術概念示意圖，本發明之主要技術手段，係為先 將肥料預備作為栽種植物之基肥的肥料製成肥料棒40, 然後於欲灌溉之植物1的周邊依照植物的大小及灌溉密 度之需求，鑽設多數個垂直孔30,然後將前述肥料棒40 插入於該若干垂直孔30之中》並且於肥料棒40鄰近位置 9 另外該肥料棒40係可以製造成為雙層的複合式構 造，如圖3所示實施例中，肥料棒40A之中心設置有一夾 層42A，而且於夾層42A的外側包復肥料，而形成一肥料 層 43A。 該夾層42A可以選用天然的木、竹棒，或者是塑膠棒 等村質，以增進肥料棒40A整體強度》或者如田4所示實 施例，肥料棒40B中心係可填充吸水材料製成的吸水層 44B，以提供更佳的導水舆含水功能。 供水裝置20主要之功用係為用以將水分以穩定而緩 慢速度滴注於肥料棒40之上，使灌溉的水分經由肥料棒 40為介質而被引導至土壤裡層。供水裝置20包括有：至 少一容器21，係藉由一支撐架1〇架設於地面預定高度。 容器21内部係可盛裝灌溉水22 ;灌溉水22係可以藉由 人工添加，或是配合供水管路供應將水自動地填裝於該容 器21之中。於容器21的頂部可以加設一蓋體26，用以 避免雜質掉落到容器21的内部。前述容器21可以採用一 般的塑膠容器，例如廢棄之保特瓶空罐製成，因此其成本 極為低廉β 容器21底部設置有一接口 23,並由接口 23處連接 一導引管24,將水導引至肥料棒40的頂端，且於該導引 管24末端設置一滴嘴25，用以使水分以小流量滴注於肥 料棒40頂端。實際使用時，該滴嘴25可以伸入於肥料棒 40的孔41之中，或者是不伸入孔41，而僅是懸空定位於 犯料棒40之頂端亦可。 此外’如圈5所示實施例，係為於容器21底部之接 1329495 口 23舆導引管24連接處設置一調節閥27,用以調整控 制該導引管24與滴嘴25的水流流出速度》 該供水裝置20除了可用以提供灌溉所需水分外，亦 可以將水溶性肥料添加到容器21内部所成裝的遒溉水 中’而使得水溶性肥料隨著灌溉水進入到土壤中，而達到 施加追肥的目的。 本發明藉由以上技術手段，所產生之功效如下： 1. 本發明藉由肥料棒40將水分直接導引到土壤底層，不 僅可以改善傳統灌溉方法之水分從土壤表面滲透所造 成之浪费情形，而有效灌溉效率，同時可以藉由植物根 部生長之向水性與向肥性，引導植物根部朝向肥料棒 40的方向生長，而使得植物的溉根团繞肥料棒40,因 此使得植物鑌根和灌溉水及肥料養分進入到土壌的位 置極為接近，而使得水分及養分的吸收達到最佳的效 率β 2. 本發明技術可引導植物根系朝向土壤底層生長，而避免 植物根系浮淺之情形，且使得植物根系可以吸收到土壤 較為底層的水分，所以使得本發明技術特別適合應用沙 漠或山坡地等缺水地形栽種綠化之場合。 3. 藉由本發明技術，可以引導植物根系朝向肥料棒40生 長，因此使得植物的鬚根舆肥料棒極為接近，因此使得 遒溉水及養分可以被植物有效吸收， 4. 本發明璜溉水直接進入土壤底層，可避免因土壤受雨水 沖刷，而使土壤表層膠結而產生灌溉水不易由表層土進 入底層土的現象，且流失有機質的情形產生。而且肥料 12 1329495 棒40可以採用有機肥製成’而能夠補充土壤所需的有 機質，因此而能夠促進土壤中微生物及蚯蚓等大型生物 生長，而達到改善土壤性質的目的。 5. 藉由本發明技術’可同時達成灌溉及施肥的程序，因此 使得施肥與灌溉之程序大幅簡化，而節省植物栽種管理 成本β 6. 本技術採用之構造不需複雜的管線、水壓機、喷嘴等昂 贵設備，因此整體設備成本低廉，而有助於本發明之推 廣應用β 【圖式說明】 圓1係為本發明之灌溉方法之技術概念示意圖* 圖2係為本發明第一實施例之構造示意固。 圖3係為本發明第二實施例使用之肥料棒之構造示意 圖。 圓4係為本發明第三實施例使用之肥料棒之構造示意 圖5係為本發明第四實施例使用之供水裝置之構造示 意圓。 13 1329495 【元件符號說明】 1……植物 10……支撐架 20……供水裝置 21 ......容器 22 ......灌溉水 23……接口 24……導引管 • 25……滴嘴 26……蓋體 27……調節閥 30......垂直孔 40......肥料棒 41……孔 40A......肥料棒 42A……夾層 • 43A……肥料層 40B......肥料棒 44B......吸水層 141329495 Nine inventions: 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for water-saving irrigation and fertilization, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for water-saving irrigation and fertilization suitable for use in areas such as desert greening. [Prior Art] Due to the influence of the desertification of the earth, as well as the influence of urban development and population increase, the area of traditional cultivated land can be reduced. Therefore, agricultural experts are actively developing the lack of water sources such as sandy or barren hillsides. The technique of planting plants in harsh terrain. In this type of bad terrain planting, how to effectively irrigate and fertilize under limited water resources has become two key factors for successful recording. In addition, due to the shortage of water resources and the excessive use of chemical inorganic fertilizers and agricultural land in agriculture in the past, the soil inorganicization and acidification have caused the development of traditional agricultural farming techniques, so how to improve the traditional agricultural farming Irrigation and fertilization methods have become a very important issue in reducing the waste of water resources and the deterioration of soil pollution. The most traditional and common method of irrigation is the surface irrigation method, which directs water directly into the farmland through the Shenzhen Road or the water pipe, so that the water spreads to the “flooding” of the farmland. The water is evaporated, leaked and lost, and the loss is extremely serious', so it is the least efficient and most wasteful water source. In order to improve the shortcomings of the traditional method of immersion irrigation, a method of watering irrigation was developed, in which water pipes and nozzles were placed between the fields to spray water 5 1329495 on the soil surface. Although the water spray irrigation method can slightly improve the irrigation efficiency, in fact, the water lost by evaporation is as high as 20% or more, and the change of wind direction and wind speed often disturbs the spraying operation, and the impact of the undulating slopes makes the irrigation Unable to average. In addition, the cost of purchasing, maintaining, and renewing equipment such as fittings, sprinklers, and pumps is also quite high, so it is still not an ideal method. Both of the above-mentioned traditional ground irrigation methods have the disadvantages of wasting water and poor irrigation efficiency. In addition, the more serious disadvantage is that the soil will be washed by irrigation water and rain for a long time, and the surface layer will form a “top soil knot” phenomenon. The pores on the surface of the soil become smaller, and the rate of water infiltration into the ground is slowed down, so that the water can not be effectively absorbed by the land. In addition, the traditional surface irrigation method makes the topsoil moist, so that the surface of the land is easy to produce weeds, which not only consumes water, but also costs a considerable amount of cost in the weeding work, and if the herbicide is sprayed, it will also affect the environment and people. "I health has a great impact. Later, in order to plant trees and crops in the desert, Israeli agricultural experts developed a more water-saving drip irrigation method. The drip irrigation method is to install a pipeline system in the field. The pipeline system is set up with a certain distance according to the position of the plant growth. And can be dripped into the soil layer of the plant root growth group according to the amount of water required for plant growth, so that the best wet state is maintained frequently. This drip irrigation method is slow because the dripping water is slow, and the amount of water can be controlled. Therefore, there is almost no loss of evaporation, leakage and loss, so the water efficiency is extremely high, and the liquid fertilizer can be mixed with water for irrigation and fertilization purposes. However, the conventional drip irrigation method includes: pumping machine, main 6 1329495 pipe, auxiliary pipe, control equipment, liquid pipe and drip nozzle, etc. The initial investment cost is also quite expensive, and the design of the pipeline must pay considerable attention to the location of each area. The water pressure is balanced, otherwise it will cause local areas to tide over, and local dry conditions, especially in hilly areas, this situation will be more serious. In addition, there is still underground irrigation method in the current irrigation technology. The underground irrigation method is to bury the water supply pipeline at the depth of the ground or the effective soil layer, so that the irrigation water is directly injected into the inner layer of the soil and absorbed by the root group of the plant. The underground irrigation method can also achieve excellent irrigation efficiency, but since the water supply pipeline must be buried in the ground and requires pressurized equipment such as hydraulic presses, the investment cost is the highest, and the average farmer cannot invest at all. Inadvertently generating negative pressure in the pipeline, the sediment will be sucked into the outlet of the underground camp line, making the pipeline quite easy to be blocked by the sediment, so it is quite easy to fail and maintenance is not easy. In addition, as far as the traditional fertilization method is concerned, in the past, agricultural cultivation was used to increase the yield, so a large amount of chemical inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer which can be rapidly mass-produced are used in large amounts. However, the result of long-term use of inorganic fertilizers will make the soil organic. Substances are reduced, causing the reduction or extinction of large organisms such as microorganisms or cockroaches, which causes the soil to become dense and squashed. Therefore, the slower flow rate of soil irrigated water is more serious. At the same time, the traditional fertilization method is to spread the fertilizer on the surface of the soil, or to bury the fertilizer on the surface of the soil, but the application of the fertilizer is limited to the surface layer of the soil. Therefore, the same phenomenon that the fertilizer nutrients cannot effectively penetrate into the bottom of the soil produce. Due to the characteristics of "water-oriented" and "fertilizing" in the roots of plants, most of the water and fertilizers are concentrated in the depth of 2,394 cm, which is about 2 cm deep into the soil, by traditional methods of fertilizing or irrigating from the soil surface. Within the range, it is impossible to guide the roots of plants to grow in deeper areas of the soil. In this way, the roots of the plants are shallow, so that the roots of the plants can only absorb the water and nutrients of the superficial soil surface. For the cultivation of green plants in Shahan or arid regions, the soil surface is generally dry and climate-prone. The factors are usually dry, and the water is usually kept in deeper soils, so if the roots of the plants can only grow on the surface of the shallower soil, they will not be able to absorb the water held in the deep soil. It can be seen from the above description that there are quite a few disadvantages to be improved in the conventional irrigation and fertilization methods. The present inventors have been thinking about this, and are actively researching and developing the experience of related product development for many years, and have been continuously tested and improved. Finally, the invention has been developed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a water-saving irrigation and fertilization method and a device suitable for planting plants in desert or other water-deficient areas, and the main technical means thereof is to make the fertilizer into a water-permeable and water-retaining water. a cylindrical fertilizer rod that inserts the fertilizer rod vertically into the plant cluster to be irrigated, and uses a water supply device to drip the water onto the fertilizer rod in a slow, steady and continuous manner, so that the water is passed through the fertilizer rod. The medium penetrates into the soil layer. The invention relates to a fertilizer fertilizer as a base fertilizer for planting plants, which can provide the slow nutrient required for plant growth, and can be made of organic fertilizer to supplement soil organic matter to enhance the growth of microorganisms and large organisms in the soil. The invention can add water-soluble fertilizer to the irrigation water of the water supply device to make the irrigation and the application of the chasing process together with 8 1329495 as a means of adding plant recourse. At the same time, the fertilizer rod is made into a structure with pore water permeability, so that the water can directly enter the soil layer through the guidance of the fertilizer rod, avoid waste of evaporation of the soil surface, improve water use efficiency, and avoid irrigation and fertilization by soil surface. The soil surface is washed away, causing soil deterioration. And by planting the roots of the plant to the water and fertility, guiding the plant roots around the growth of the fertilizer rods, so that the plant roots can effectively absorb the irrigation water and fertilizer rod nutrients, and improve the efficiency of the plants to absorb water and nutrients, and Achieve better irrigation results. The invention can achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of irrigation and fertilization by the above technical means, and can improve the soil property and make it suitable for plant growth, so it is particularly suitable for the purpose of planting plants in desert or other harsh terrain, and the invention The overall structure of the device used is simple, and the investment cost thereof is low, and the technology of the present invention is further promoted. The present invention has achieved the above and other objects, and the technical means adopted by the present invention are described in detail with reference to the related drawings. as follows. [Embodiment] As shown in the circle 1~2, it is a schematic diagram of the main technical concept of the method for water-saving irrigation and fertilization according to the present invention. The main technical means of the present invention is to prepare the fertilizer as the fertilizer for planting the base fertilizer. Fertilizer rod 40, then a plurality of vertical holes 30 are drilled in the periphery of the plant 1 to be irrigated according to the size of the plant and the need for irrigation density, and then the aforementioned fertilizer rod 40 is inserted into the plurality of vertical holes 30" and applied to the fertilizer The rod 40 is adjacent to the position 9 and the fertilizer rod 40 can be fabricated into a double-layer composite structure. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the center of the fertilizer rod 40A is provided with an interlayer 42A, and the fertilizer is coated on the outer side of the interlayer 42A. A fertilizer layer 43A is formed. The interlayer 42A may be made of natural wood, bamboo sticks, or plastic rods to enhance the overall strength of the fertilizer rod 40A or the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, and the center of the fertilizer rod 40B may be filled with water absorption material. Layer 44B provides a better water-conducting water-containing function. The main function of the water supply device 20 is to drip the water onto the fertilizer rod 40 at a steady and slow rate, so that the irrigated water is guided to the soil inner layer via the fertilizer rod 40 as a medium. The water supply unit 20 includes at least one container 21 which is erected to a predetermined height on the ground by a support frame 1 . The interior of the container 21 can hold irrigation water 22; the irrigation water 22 can be automatically filled into the container 21 by manual addition or by supplying water supply lines. A cover 26 may be added to the top of the container 21 to prevent impurities from falling into the interior of the container 21. The container 21 can be made of a general plastic container, such as a discarded PET bottle, so that the cost is extremely low. The bottom of the container 21 is provided with an interface 23, and a guide tube 24 is connected from the interface 23 to guide the water. It is led to the top end of the fertilizer rod 40, and a drop nozzle 25 is provided at the end of the guiding tube 24 for injecting water into the top end of the fertilizer rod 40 at a small flow rate. In actual use, the drip nozzle 25 may extend into the hole 41 of the fertilizer rod 40 or may not protrude into the hole 41, but may only be positioned at the top end of the tamper bar 40. In addition, the embodiment shown in the circle 5 is provided with a regulating valve 27 at the bottom of the container 21 at the junction of the 1329495 port 23舆 guiding tube 24 for adjusting the flow of water flowing out of the guiding tube 24 and the dripper 25. Speed: In addition to being used to provide the water required for irrigation, the water supply device 20 can also add water-soluble fertilizer to the simmering water formed inside the container 21 to allow the water-soluble fertilizer to enter the soil with the irrigation water. Achieve the purpose of applying top dressing. The invention has the following effects by the above technical means: 1. The invention directly guides the moisture to the bottom layer of the soil by the fertilizer rod 40, which can not only improve the waste caused by the penetration of water from the soil surface by the traditional irrigation method, The effective irrigation efficiency can also lead to the growth of the plant roots toward the fertilizer rod 40 by the water-based and fertility of the plant roots, so that the roots of the plants circulate around the fertilizer rod 40, thus causing the plant roots and irrigation. The position of water and fertilizer nutrients entering the soil is very close, so that the absorption of water and nutrients is optimal. β 2. The technique of the present invention can guide the growth of plant roots toward the bottom of the soil, avoiding the shallow roots of the plants and making the plants The root system can absorb the water of the lower layer of the soil, so that the technique of the present invention is particularly suitable for the application of greening in the water-scarce terrain such as desert or hillside. 3. By the technique of the present invention, the roots of the plants can be guided to grow toward the fertilizer rod 40, so that the roots of the plants are very close to the fertilizer rods, so that the water and nutrients of the plants can be effectively absorbed by the plants. The bottom layer of the soil can avoid the phenomenon that the soil is washed by rain, and the surface of the soil is cemented, so that the irrigation water is not easily entered by the topsoil into the subsoil, and the organic matter is lost. Moreover, the fertilizer 12 1329495 rod 40 can be made of organic fertilizers, and can replenish the organic matter required for the soil, thereby promoting the growth of large organisms such as microorganisms and earthworms in the soil, thereby improving the soil properties. 5. By the technique of the present invention, the irrigation and fertilization procedures can be simultaneously achieved, thereby greatly simplifying the procedures of fertilization and irrigation, and saving the plant management cost β. 6. The structure adopted by the technology does not require complicated pipelines, hydraulic presses, nozzles, etc. Expensive equipment, so the overall equipment cost is low, and contributes to the popularization and application of the present invention. [Illustration] Circle 1 is a schematic diagram of the technical concept of the irrigation method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention. Illustrated solid. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the construction of a fertilizer rod used in a second embodiment of the present invention. Circular 4 is a schematic construction of a fertilizer rod used in the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a structural outline of a water supply apparatus used in a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 13 1329495 [Description of component symbols] 1...plant 10...support frame 20...water supply device 21...container 22...irrigation water 23...interface 24...guide tube • 25 ...dropper 26...cover body 27...regulating valve 30...vertical hole 40...fertilizer rod 41...hole 40A...fertilizer rod 42A...sandwich• 43A ... fertilizer layer 40B ... fertilizer rod 44B ... water absorption layer 14