RU2653076C1 - Method of higher yield of agricultural plants with liquid organic fertilizer made from microalgae - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Method for higher yield of agricultural plants is proposed, including treatment of seeds and plants with a biologically active preparation derived from plant material. Preparation is prepared from a microalgae suspension, which is produced in an intensive manner in bioreactors of an open shallow type and is selected during the linear growth phase with a dry biomass content of at least 1.5–2.0 g per liter. Suspension is used to treat seeds at a dose of 4–6 l/t and foliar top dressing of crops at a dose of 2–6 l/ha in closed and open ground.

EFFECT: method provides higher yield of agricultural plants.

3 cl, 2 ex, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to biological farming and crop production.

A known method of increasing the yield of grain crops is the patent for the invention No. (19) RU (11) 2474101 (13) C2 dated 03/15/2011. The method consists in treating seeds and plants of spring wheat in the tillering phase and in the tubing phase with a preparation made from grain spring wheat of the MiS variety from the nursery of the first year of reproduction by five-day infusion of 10 g of ground seeds in 10 ml of 96% ethanol, after which 10 ml of 96% ethanol are added to the infusion and it is insisted for another 14 days, after which the infusion is drained, squeezed and filter the precipitate from which the preparation is prepared in hundred dilutions based on distilled water. The treatment is carried out at a temperature of 19-24 ° C from a distance of 30-40 cm with a second hundredth dilution of the preparation for spring wheat seeds and with a third hundredth dilution of the preparation for spring wheat plants in the tillering phase and the tubing phase. The method allows to increase the biological activity of grain and plants in various phases of development.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of spring wheat grain, which contains a low amount of nutrients necessary for the growth and development of plants.

An object of the invention is to increase the yield of crops during the processing of seed and foliar feeding during the growing season.

The technical problem is solved by using a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, which is obtained by intensive cultivation in open shallow type bioreactors under the following conditions: constant illumination in the field of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) 100-200 W / m ² , suspension lighting layer 4-10 cm, mixture liquefied carbon dioxide 10-20 g / l of suspension per day, continuous wave mixing, highly mineralized Tamiya nutrient medium with a high content of macro- and microelements. The cultivation is carried out on water that meets sanitary and epidemiological indicators for the quality of drinking water, the cultivation is carried out in bacteriologically clean production conditions, eliminating the possibility of the presence of extraneous microflora in the suspension.

When the linear phase of growth occurs during cultivation and the content of dry biomass is 1.5-2.0 g in 1 liter of suspension, it is drained. During this period, the suspension is characterized by maximum biological activity and cell viability with a maximum content of amino acids, macro- and microelements, carbohydrates, carotenoids and vitamins.

The resulting suspension is subjected to chemical extraction to destroy the cell membrane and obtain cellular organic substances of high biological value. The precipitate is separated from impurities through a filtration system.

The suspension is used for seed treatment at a dose of 4–6 l / t and foliar top dressing of crops at a dose of 2–6 l / ha in closed and open ground conditions.

Microalgae-based liquid organic fertilizer (JUM) is used in agricultural production both in closed and open ground for seed treatment and foliar feeding during plant growing.

JOUM compensates for the deficiency of nutrients in the process of growth and development of plants, which allows to increase crop yields.

The essence of the method is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Research was conducted in the field in a crop rotation with the following crop rotation: 1. Pure steam. 2. Winter wheat. 3. Sugar beet. 4. Spring barley. A variety of winter wheat - Thunder. For sowing, seeds were used that meet the requirements of the 1st class of the sowing standard with a single sowing rate of 5 million germinating grains per 1 ha. Sowing method - with an ordinary seeder SN-16 with subsequent rolling ring-spur rollers. Seeding depth - 4-5 cm. Field experiment diagram and content of options:

1. Control (without JUM);

2. JOUM (6 l / t) seed treatment

3. JOUM (6 l / t) seed treatment + JOUM (6 l / ha) non-root top dressing in the tillering phase.

The repetition in the experiment was 3-fold; the variants were systematically arranged in one tier. The plots have the shape of an elongated rectangle with a record area of 100 m ² . Background of mineral nutrition - N ₃₀ P ₃₀ K ₃₀ . The processing of the seeds of the JUM was carried out 1 day before sowing with a backpack sprayer, then the seeds were dried in a shaded room. Non-root top dressing of winter wheat was carried out with a backpack sprayer according to the experimental scheme.

During the period of research, phenological observations were carried out, plant density, biological productivity were determined: the number of plants per square meter, the number of total and productive stems, the number of grains in an ear, and the weight of 1000 seeds. To determine the crop structure one to two days before the start of winter wheat harvesting, 4 sheaf samples were taken from each plot. After drying the sheaves, the number of plants per square meter was determined, and the total and productive bushiness was determined. Harvesting and metering were carried out by a self-propelled combine "Sampo" direct combining.

As a result of the studies, it was found that the processing of seeds and sowings of winter wheat JOUM has a positive effect on the growth and development of winter wheat: it increases field germination of seeds, improves wintering of plants, increases grain yield (table. 1). When treating seeds and vegetative plants of winter wheat in the tillering phase of the JOUM, the earing phase began 2 days earlier than in the control version.

Autumn calculation of the density of standing of winter wheat (September 2015) showed that the processing of seeds JOUM increases the field germination of seeds by 3.3%, stimulates tillering of winter wheat: the number of stems before leaving in winter was 472 pcs / m ² with the number of stems in the control version is equal to 442 pcs / m ² .

The spring calculation of the density of standing of winter wheat on April 23, 2016 indicates a positive effect of the JUM on wintering of winter wheat plants. Processing seed JOUM increased the percentage of wintering of winter wheat by 5.1% (table. 2).

Processing seed JOUM increased the number of productive stems from 512 sh / m ² (in the control version) to 530 pcs / m ² , the spike grains did not change, the grain nature increased slightly (Table 3). Higher indicators of the structure of the crop relative to the control variant were noted when using JOUM for seed treatment and foliar top dressing at the beginning of tillering: the number of productive stems was 27 pcs / m ² , the spike gravel content was 0.8 pcs, the grain nature changed slightly.

Accounting for the winter wheat crop using the JOUM for seed treatment and foliar feeding showed that with its use, the yield of winter wheat grain increases from 53.4 c / ha in the control, to 54.2 c / ha in the variant with the processing of JOUM seeds and up to 57 , 3 in the variant, seed treatment of JOUM + foliar feeding of JOUM in the phase of the beginning of tillering of winter wheat plants (Table 4). The effectiveness of the drug JOUM was higher from seed treatment and foliar feeding, which is 3.9 kg / ha higher compared to the control.

Example 2. Research was conducted in the field in a crop rotation with the following alternation of crops: 1. Vico-oat mixture. 2. Winter wheat. Z. Soya. 4. Spring barley. The variety of spring barley is Suzdal. For sowing, seeds with a sowing rate of 5 million germinating grains per 1 ha were used. Seeding depth - 4-5 cm.

Field experiment layout and content options:

3. Control (without JUM);

4. JOUM non-root top dressing in the tillering phase of 4 l / ha.

The biological assessment of the JUM was carried out under the production conditions of FSUE Uchkhoz Znamenskoye on an area of 18 hectares. The drug JOUM was used according to the recommended dose of 4 l / ha as foliar (leaf) top dressing with a sprayer OPN-2000 with a flow rate of 200 l / ha. Harvesting and harvesting was carried out by a self-propelled combine “Palesse” by direct combine harvesting with subsequent weighing of grain from 18 ha.

The use of JOUM for foliar top dressing in the phase of the beginning of tillering made it possible to increase the yield of barley grain to 31.6 t / ha higher, which is 5.2 t / ha higher compared to the control variant (Table 5).

Claims (3)

1. A method of increasing crop yields, including treating seeds and plants with a biologically active preparation obtained from plant materials, characterized in that the preparation is obtained from a suspension of microalgae, which is produced intensively in open, shallow type bioreactors and is selected during the linear growth phase with the content dry biomass of at least 1.5-2.0 g in 1 l, and the suspension is used for seed treatment at a dose of 4-6 l / t and foliar feeding of crops at a dose of 2-6 l / ha in closed and open ground conditions. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that to obtain organic fertilizer using a highly productive strain of Chlorella vulgaris. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the biomass of microalgae in suspension is destroyed by a chemical method.