RU2524066C1 - Method of presowing treatment of seeds of grain varieties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of presowing treatment of seeds is that the seeds of grain varieties are treated by their soaking in aqueous solution of sodium selenate at a concentration of 0.1% with an exposure of 0.5-1 hours, after which the seeds are enveloped by inoculant based on the strain of root nodule bacteria Galegae isolated from nodules Galegae orientalis Lam (galega) of Nesterka variety, mixed with soil taken from rhizosphere of galega with the ration of 1:2. The treated seeds were sown in soil.

EFFECT: use of invention enables to provide the yield increase and to improve soil fertility without additional cost of nitrogen fertiliser.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in the preparation of seeds for sowing.

There is a method in which para-aminobenzoic acid is used as a stimulant for cereal crops at a concentration of 0.1-0.2% (patent No. 2461185, IPC A01H 4/00, A01C 1/00 dated 09/20/2012).

However, the known method is effective only in the breeding process, when samples are used in small quantities for propagation. Such an agricultural method is unacceptable for industrial sowing in large areas.

There is also a method where sodium selenate is used as a stimulator of plant growth and development (Gins V.K., Golubkina N.A., Kononkov P.F. Enrichment of stachis nodules. // Modern achievements of biotechnology. Materials of the All-Russian Conference. Stavropol, 1996 g., pp. 12-13).

In the known method, only one stachis plant enriches bacteria with selenium.

To enrich vegetables with selenium, bulbs and root crops are kept in a 1% sodium selenate solution (patent No. 2189155, IPC A23L 1/304, A01C 1 // 00, published on September 20, 2002).

The stimulating property of selenium is used on vegetable crops, which enrich selenium necessary for the human body.

The closest technical solution is the method in which the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with sodium selenate at a concentration of 0.001% is carried out, followed by enveloping with corn extract - waste starch from the production of starch (patent RU 2416186 C1, 04/20/2011).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that for the development of bean culture of clover requires double top dressing: before sowing during seed treatment and during the growing season after the first mowing. This method is not always acceptable for crops that require biological nitrogen for the growth and development.

This reduces the effectiveness of the method and complicates its implementation for use on crops (winter wheat, moghar, chumiza, etc.).

The technical result is a simplification of the method and increased efficiency.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that the seeds of cereals are soaked in an aqueous solution of sodium selenate at a concentration of 0.1% for 0.5-1 hours, followed by inoculation with an inoculant based on a Galegae nodule bacteria strain isolated from Galegae orientalis Lam nodules ( Eastern goat (Nesterka) cultivar Nesterka mixed with soil taken from the goat rhizosphere in a ratio of 1: 2.

The method is as follows.

Seeds of winter wheat, moghara, chumiza are soaked in a 0.1% aqueous solution of sodium selenate (Na ₂ SeO ₄ ) for 0.5-1 hours. For more than one hour, the solution is toxic for seeds of cereal crops and seed germination is reduced. Covering the seeds with soil mixed with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria inoculum of the legume goat culture, selected in the rhizosphere of the most fertile soil layer at a depth of 15-20 cm, where the maximum number of nodule bacteria is concentrated, ensures the formation of biological nitrogen in the seed bed of sown seeds.

An inoculant mixed with soil, where nitrogen-fixing nodules are located, stimulates their activity.

The inoculant isolated from the Nesterka cultivar in the soil and climatic conditions of Belarus is used in the foothills of the North Caucasus, where the goat culture is cultivated, providing the soil with biological nitrogen, which is necessary in the initial period of cereal growth.

Example 1. Under the soil-climatic conditions of Belarus, in the rhizosphere of the eastern Nesterka goatberry, in the upper 15–20 cm layer, soil was selected by mixing it with the inoculant Risobium Galegae in the amount of 200 ml of cultured liquid per 400 g of soil. Soaked winter wheat seeds were pre-soaked in 0.1% sodium selenate. The processing of wet seeds and their coating was carried out in an elite warehouse, disposing of seed material per 1 ha - 220 kg of winter wheat on a tarpaulin, tilled in a seeder and sown in the field.

Example 2. Under the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, on leached chernozem, before sowing the Mogar cereal crop, seeds were soaked in a 0.1% aqueous solution of sodium selenate for 0.5 hours in the first ten days of May. At a depth of 15–20 cm, under the goat culture of the Bimbolat variety, soil was selected, which was mixed with an inoculant isolated from nodule bacteria Galegae orientalis Lam. Mogar seeds 20 kg / ha soaked in sodium selenate solution were coated with a mixture at the rate of 100 ml of inoculant per 200 g of soil and sown in the soil.

Example 3. Chumis seeds were soaked in 0.1% sodium selenate solution in an amount of 15 kg / ha. Wet seeds were coated with an inoculant mixture, as in the 2nd example, sowing immediately after treatment.

The results obtained are summarized in table 1.

Experience Options Seed germination,% Grain harvest, kg / ha Biological nitrogen in the soil, kg / ha Winter wheat 1. Control (no processing) 84 22.5 50,5 2. Soaking seeds in sodium selenate 0.1% for 0.5-1 hours 90 28.6 56.8 3. Soaking in selenate sodium for 1.5-2 hours 78 18.5 52,5 4. Soaking seeds in sodium selenate 0.1% + enveloping seeds with soil from the goat rhizosphere 94 32,5 78,2 5. Suggested 98 36.8 86.6 Panic 1. Control (no processing) 78 18.8 46.8 2. Soaking seeds in sodium selenate 0.1% for 0.5-1 hours 82 20,2 52.6 3. Soaking in sodium selenate for 1.5-2 75 16,4 45.5 4. Soaking seeds in sodium selenate 0.1% + enveloping seeds with soil from the goat rhizosphere 89 23.6 62,4 5. Suggested 95 28,4 72.6 Chumiza 1. Control (no processing) 80 16,2 48,4 2. Soaking seeds in sodium selenate 0.1% for 0.5-1 hours 84 18.6 50.8 3. Soaking in sodium selenate for 1.5-2 hours 72 15.4 43.6 4. Soaking seeds in sodium selenate 0.1% + enveloping seeds with soil from the goat rhizosphere 80 21.8 56.4 5. Suggested 89 25,2 69.2

Therefore, using the inoculant of nodule bacteria isolated from the root system of the goat, and mixing it with the soil, you can get a yield increase and increase soil fertility without additional costs for nitrogen fertilizers.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing treatment of cereal seeds, including treatment with sodium selenate, seed exposure and sowing, characterized in that the cereal seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of sodium selenate at a concentration of 0.1% for 0.5-1 hours, followed by enveloping with an inoculant based on strain of nodule bacteria Risobium Galegae isolated from nodules Galegae orientalis Lam (Eastern goatskin) cultivar Nesterka mixed with soil in a ratio of 1: 2, taken from the goatskin rhizosphere.