RU2704287C1 - Method for preparation of growth amaranth stimulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to a method for preparation of a stimulator for presowing treatment of seeds of crops. Content is extracted from the central amaranth root in range of 3.3–3.5 g, placed in 10 ml of ethyl alcohol and settled at 25–27 °C for 17–18 hours in an open container. Prior to treatment of seeds, obtained solution is mixed with water in ratio 1:4, and during vegetation crops are treated with 0.3 % aqueous solution of prepared stimulator.

EFFECT: method enables to obtain an environmentally safe product for stimulating plant growth and development.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for preparing a stimulant for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, which provides improved sowing properties and increased germination of seeds of cultivated plants as soon as possible.

A known method in which to stimulate plant growth and increase seed germination use nodule bacteria from the rhizosphere of legumes (patent No. 2479974, published 04/27/2017, IPC A01C 1/00).

However, the disadvantage of this method is the incomplete supply of macro- and microelements of sprouting plants, which reduces the effectiveness of the technical solution.

The closest technical solution is a method in which a stimulator is prepared for processing seeds from nodule bacteria of legume incarnate clover, selected in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering from the rhizosphere, followed by the addition of sugar syrup dissolved in an aqueous solution of PABA (patent No. 2670162, published 18.10. 2018, IPC A01C 1/00, A01N 63/00).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity due to the additional processing extracted from the rhizosphere of nodule bacteria by adding sugar syrup dissolved in para-aminobenzoic acid.

The technical result is a simplification of the method and the expansion of the range of growth stimulants.

The technical solution of the claimed object is that, in contrast to the known, from the central root of amaranth in the phase of budding - the beginning of flowering, the contents are isolated within 3.3-3.5 g, and placed in 10 ml of ethyl alcohol. The resulting mixture is defended at a temperature of 25-27 ° C, for 17-18 hours in an open container, and before seed treatment, the resulting solution is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 4, and during the growing season, the crops are treated with a 0.3% aqueous solution of the obtained stimulant .

The method is as follows.

The basis of the high productivity of amaranth plants is an effective metabolism of carbon and nitrogen, which is provided by their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Exudates of the amaranth root system (excretion) are low molecular weight organic substances (sugars, alcohols, organic and amino acids, vitamins, hormones, etc.), as well as high molecular weight metabolites (polysaccharide and protein mucus, enzymes) and lost parts of the plant (exfoliating cells, dead root sections, root cap, etc.), stimulate the activity of rhizospheric microorganisms responsible for associative nitrogen fixation, as a result of which more intense protein biosynthesis is noted in amaranth phytomass.

Stimulation of the growth of the microbial community occurs due to the waste products of the plant root system (root deposits, rhizodeposites). It is estimated that more than 40% of the carbon recorded during photosynthesis is lost in the form of root deposits. The most intense leakage of such substances occurs in the zone of extension of the root during its growth.

On the other hand, in the presence of a potential pathogen, some plants form phytoalexins with specific antimicrobial activity. The plant also contributes to the change in the physicochemical environmental conditions of microorganisms, exerting a mechanical effect on the soil, removing a number of gases through its vascular system and transporting oxygen to anaerobic soil around the root. Rhizosphere microorganisms, developing on the root deposits of a plant, in the process of metabolism and after the death of microbial cells form nutrients in forms available for use by plants.

In the rhizosphere, the effect of root exudates containing various organic substances of root litter is observed. Exudates contain a wide range of carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. Root falls lignocellulose and polysaccharides of mucus (mucigel), accounting for 80% of the carbon loss by the root. Of daily assimilation, 11% goes to microbial respiration and 2% to soil organic matter.

In the root secretions, diffused (soluble) and undiffused compounds are distinguished. Soluble root exudates contain sugars (about 50%), organic acids (about 40%), amino acids, phenolic compounds, benzoic acid, vitamins, etc. Non-diffusible exudates are mucus (mucigel) with a high polysaccharide content (about 95%) . The thickness of the basal mucus reaches several millimeters. It may contain pectin, a hydrated polysaccharide (M.M. 10-10) containing uranic acid, galactose, arabinose, xylose, fructose, etc. Metal hydroxides, primarily iron, are actively sorbed on this mucus.

Experimental studies have established that the most optimal dose is 3.3-3.5 g, extracted from the central root. At a lower dose, the desired effect is not achieved. Above this limit, especially when dissolving the composition of the central amaranth root in alcohol, seed germination is reduced.

The need to combine with alcohol exudates taken from the central root system of amaranth is explained by the preservation of the chemical composition of the components for subsequent processing of vegetative plants, mainly vegetables and grain crops.

The parameters of the method of 17-18 hours and a temperature of 25-27 ° C are due to the fact that in this mode, part of the ethanol evaporates, preventing the achievement of the technical result.

The justification of the parameters of the method is proved experimentally and is shown in the table according to the research results.

Example 1. They dug an amaranth plant in the budding phase. The accessory roots were removed, leaving the central root, from which the contents were extracted in an amount of 3.3 g. The resulting composition from the root was dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol. The resulting mixture was defended at a temperature of 25-27 ° C, for 17-18 hours in an open container, and before processing the seeds of winter crops, the resulting solution was mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 4. Wet seeds were dried to flowability.

During the growing season, crops are treated with a 0.3% aqueous solution of the obtained stimulant or 300 ml of water per 100 ml of solution.

Example 2. They dug an amaranth plant in the phase of the onset of flowering. 3.5 g of content was extracted from the central root and dissolved in 10 ml of ethyl alcohol. The resulting mixture was defended at a temperature of 25-27 ° C, for 17-18 hours in an open container for complete evaporation of ethyl alcohol, and before processing the seeds of vegetable crops in greenhouses, the resulting solution was mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 4 or 2 liters of solution per 8 l of water. Wet seeds were dried to flowability. During the growing season, crops are treated with a 0.3% aqueous solution of the obtained stimulant or 300 ml of water per 100 ml of solution.

Analyzing the data presented in the table, we can conclude that the prepared exudate from the amaranth root system provides an increase in germination energy and germination, growth rate.

This method creates favorable conditions without additional costs and the use of biological products and chemicals, to obtain an environmentally friendly product to stimulate the growth and development of the plant.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing a stimulator of the growth and development of plants from amaranth, comprising preparing a stimulator for treating seeds from the rhizosphere of plants selected in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering, characterized in that the contents are excreted from the central root of amaranth in the range of 3.3-3.5 g and placed in 10 ml of ethyl alcohol, standing at a temperature of 25-27 ° C for 17-18 hours in an open container, before seed treatment, the resulting solution is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 4, and during the growing season, crops are treated with 0.3% prepared solution obtained stimulator.