RU2792886C1 - Biologically active substance composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; plant growing.

SUBSTANCE: biologically active substance composition for stimulation of plant growth, based on a water-alkaline solution of fulvic acid with a concentration of up to 3% by wt. and pH not less than 11, is proposed, additionally containing synthetic folic acid or natural folate in the ratio of fulvic acid to synthetic folic acid or natural folate from 75:1 to 29.3:1.

EFFECT: invention provides a synergetic effect of fulvic acid and synthetic folic acid or natural folate in a water-alkaline solution, when germinating seeds and growing plants; use of a composition allows for an increase in plant biomass or, with the same level of yield, reduction in a flow rate of a nitric fertilizer to two times.

2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

This invention discloses the joint synergistic biological activity of fulvic acid and folacin in an aqueous alkaline solution.

The invention is intended for use in agriculture, mainly in crop production, as well as in animal husbandry, the production of feed additives, as biologically active additives in human food, cosmetics.

In the article by Bendersky N.S., Kudelina O.M., Gantsgorn E.V., Safronenko A.V., "Fulvic acid - a dietary supplement or medicine" (Kuban Scientific and Medical Bulletin, 2020, Volume 27, No. 3, pp. 78-91) states: “In recent years, interest has been growing all over the world in a group of natural organic compounds based on humic substances, which have a wide range of biological properties and are actively used in animal husbandry, agriculture and veterinary medicine ... Fulvic acid, being one of the representatives of the class of humic substances belongs to the group of humic acids ... Between humic and fulvic acids, genetic unity has been established, they have a similar molecular structure, but differ in the content of aromatic and aliphatic groups. Fulvic acids differ from humic acids in a lighter color, lower carbon content, a high content of oxygen-containing functional groups, a higher degree of oxidation and hydrophilicity. From the point of view of colloidal chemistry, a solution of fulvic acids is a freely dispersed, aggregated-stable system that does not depend much on concentration, pH, and ionic strength of the solution. D.S. Orlov believes that in nature fulvic acid occurs as a result of acidic and/or alkaline hydrolysis of organic substances that make up bioinert bodies, i.e. fulvic acid is a natural artifact.”

The PRC Patent 1995-02-08-08-CN1098437A describes the preparation of a solution of humic and fulvic acids from vegetable raw materials containing, in terms of dry matter:

- brown-black humic acid - 9-20% of the mass,

- fulvic acid 30-55% of the mass,

- amino acids 15-25% of the mass,

- carbohydrates 1.5-3.0% of the mass,

- ribonucleic acids 1-3% of the mass,

- elements 0.2-0.5% of the mass.

At the same time, in the obtained solutions at the initial humidity, the concentrations of substances were:

- brown-black humic acid 1.22-1.94% of the mass,

- fulvic acid 3.02-4.04 wt% (examples 1-4).

The authors of the patent point out: “In agriculture and forestry: the solution is mainly used as a fertilizer for spraying. Spraying the leaf surface can increase the chlorophyll content of plants and improve photosynthesis. Experiments with corn, cotton and fruit trees at Beijing Agricultural University and the Chinese Academy of Forestry showed that chlorophyll content increased by 1-3% and yield by 5-25%.

In addition to foliar spraying, it can also be used to soak and treat seeds, which can increase germination rate, promote root growth, and increase plant resistance to drought and disease. For example, in an experiment in Zhaolian County, Hebei Province, cotton seeds were soaked in 1% humic acid nutrient solution (patent solution), germination increased by 7.8%, and yield increased by 5-8%.

Bio Fulvic is currently on the market by TAGROW, containing fulvic acid extracted from plants. As advantages from the use, an increase in the germination and growth of plants is indicated. Bio Fulvic, in addition to fulvic acid, additionally contains in one case (Bio Fulvic 65): BioK - 12 wt%, BioN - 3 wt%, amino acids and nucleic acids - 8 wt%, in in another case (Bio Fulvic 90): BioCa - 4-6% wt (https://www.tagrow.com/products/BioFulvic.htm).

The authors of this work decided to further expand the search for components that increase the biological activity of fulvic acid.

After a series of experiments with a number of additives, a non-obvious solution was found, showing that substances from the folacin group have a synergistic effect on the biological activity of fulvic acid in the range of fulvic acid: folacin ratios from 75:1 to 25:1, while the maximum activity was observed at ratio close to 40:1.

According to the "Chemical Encyclopedia", Volume 5, p. 111 (Publishing House "Big Russian Encyclopedia", M.: 1999): "Folacin (Vitamin B _c , vitamin B ₉ , folate), a group of compounds including folic acid and its derivatives.

The following were used in the experiments:

- Fulvic acid Bio Fulvic 90 from TAGROW,

- Folic acid (vitamin B ₉ ) pure substance 97.95% (standard sample produced by LLC KhromLab),

- An aqueous alkaline solution of fulvic acid with a concentration of 2.5% by weight, obtained under the conditions of Patent RU 2742764C1 on 03/02/2020,

- An aqueous alkaline solution of folate (a natural form of vitamin B ₉ ) containing 1400 mg/l of folate, obtained under the conditions of Patent RU 2742764C1 on 03/02/2020.

Preliminarily, commercial forms of solution mixtures were studied, which, on the one hand, ensure the compactness of solutions before final dilution, and, on the other hand, the stability of the composition and stability during storage.

Good results in terms of biological activity on plant seedlings were shown by solutions containing 0.0025% by weight of fulvic acid and a pH of at least 11.0. They were accepted as the base for the experiments (with the exception of the Bio Fulvic 90 solution without folacin, where the pH was 5.5).

Commercial solutions were prepared:

1. An aqueous solution of Bio Fulvic 90 with a concentration of 0.0025% by weight of fulvic acid.

2. An aqueous alkaline solution of fulvic acid according to patent RU 2742764C1 with a concentration of 1.5% by weight of fulvic acid.

3. Three aqueous alkaline solutions containing 0.0025% by weight of fulvic acid based on Bio Fulvic 90 with the addition of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide (1:1) to pH 11.0 (which ensured the solubility of folic acid) with folic acid supplements , in the ratio of fulvic acid: folic acid: 75:1; 40:1; 25:1.

4. Three aqueous alkaline solutions containing 0.0025% by weight of fulvic acid based on an aqueous alkaline solution according to patent RU 2742764C1 with the addition of natural folate from a solution obtained according to patent RU 2742764C1 in the ratio of fulvic acid: folate: 75:1; 40:1; 25:1.

Maintaining the pH of the solution at least 11.0 was ensured by introducing into it a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide (ratio 1:1 by weight).

Biological activity was determined in 5 laboratory experiments with the germination of seeds of vegetable peas of the Fuga variety (manufacturer Agrofirma Usadba LLC, batch No. 12, harvest 2020). Seeds were germinated on filter paper in Petri dishes in accordance with the conditions of GOST 12038-84, the germination energy, germination, length and weight of seedlings were determined. The repetition of experiments is 4-5 times.

The scheme of laboratory experiments provided for a comparative evaluation of the options:

- control (distilled water);

- two options with solutions of fulvic acids;

- 6 variants with mixtures of fulvic acids and folacins obtained according to paragraphs 3 and 4.

The averaged data of the experiments are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1 shows that solutions of variants with fulvic acids improve the germination of pea seeds: the germination energy, length and weight of seedlings increase. The addition of folacin in the form of synthetic folic acid or natural folates to the solution in all cases improved the biological activity of fulvic acid, while at a ratio of fulvic acid: folacin - 40: 1, the increase in the mass of seedlings reaches 18-24% of the mass.

Taking into account the results of laboratory experiments, in 2021 a field experiment was laid with peas of the Krasnoufimsky 11 variety for cultivation for grain.

In the experiment, foliar feeding of plants was carried out in the budding-beginning of flowering phase according to the scheme:

1. Control (spraying with water);

2. N ₆₀ (urea solution);

3. N ₃₀ (urea solution) + fulvic acids based on Bio Fulvic 90;

4. N ₃₀ (urea solution) + fulvic acids based on Bio Fulvic 90 and synthetic folic acid (ratio 40:1);

5. N ₃₀ (carbamide solution) + fulvic acids and folacin in a ratio of 40:1 in an amount (fulvic acid and folacin obtained according to Patent RU 2742764C1).

The field experiment was carried out in the conditions of the Middle Urals on the experimental field of the Department of Agrochemistry of the Perm State Technical University on a highly cultivated sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil with a high content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, and a medium acid reaction of the medium. Foliar feeding was carried out using hand sprayers with a content of fulvic acids in the final solution of 0.0025%, the flow rate of the working solution was 200 l/ha. In addition to top dressing, fertilizers were not applied in the experiment. The harvest was counted according to a trial sheaf.

The results of the field experiment are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of fulvic acid based on Bio Fulvic 90 can increase grain yield by 16% by weight. The addition of a mixture of fulvic acid and folacin (in a ratio of 40:1) in the composition of the carbamide solution in both cases allows an increase in pea grain by 50-57% of the mass compared to the control variant.

At the same time, the addition of a mixture of fulvic acid and folacin (40:1 ratio) to an aqueous solution of carbamide makes it possible to achieve the same level of pea grain yield, while the consumption of urea can be reduced by half.

The results of the experiments in Tables 1 and 2 show a powerful synergy and increased biological activity of aqueous-alkaline solutions of a mixture of fulvic acid and folacin in a ratio of fulvic acid: folacin from 75:1 to 25:1 at an extreme of about 40:1, compared with previously known use fulvic acid during seed germination, and production of plant biomass, which confirms the inventive level of the proposed combination of an aqueous alkaline solution of fulvic acid and folacin in a ratio of from 75:1 to 25:1 in the treatment of seeds and plants.

Table 1

The results of laboratory experiments on the germination of vegetable peas Fuga variety

No. p / p Experience Variant Seedling length, mm Weight of 10 seedlings, g Germination energy, % Germination, % 1 2 3 4 5 1 Control
(distilled water) 17.4 4.60 82.0 100 2 Fulvic acid
Bio Fulvic 90 19.7 4.72 84.5 100 3 Fulvic acid
according to Patent RU 2742764C1 20.1 4.76 85.0 100 4 Fulvic Acid Bio Fulvic + Folic Acid 75:1 21.5 4.86 85.5 100 5 Fulvic Acid Bio Fulvic + Folic Acid 40:1 21.3 5.57 86.5 100 6 Fulvic Acid Bio Fulvic + Folic Acid 25:1 21.3 4.81 88.0 100 7 Fulvic Acid*+Folate* 75:1 22.0 4.85 86.5 100 8 Fulvic Acid*+Folate* 40:1 22.6 5.85 88.5 100 9 Fulvic acid*+fulvate 25:1 21.4 4.86 90.0 100

*fulvic acid and folate solution obtained under the conditions of Patent RU 2742764C1

table 2

The results of the field experiment on growing peas for sowing variety Krasnoufimsky 11, 2021

Experience Variant Pea grain yield, c/ha 1 Control 18.4±0.6 2 N ₆₀ (urea solution) 29.7±1.3 3 N ₃₀ (urea solution) + fulvic acids based on Bio Fulvic 90 21.4±2.1 4 N ₃₀ (urea solution) + fulvic acids based on Bio Fulvic 90 and synthetic folic acid (40:1 ratio) 27.6±0.6 5 Urea solution with added fulvic acid* and folate* (40:1) 28.9±0.4

*fulvic acid and folate solution obtained under the conditions of Patent RU 2742764C1

Claims (2)

1. A composition of biologically active substances for stimulating plant growth based on an aqueous alkaline solution of fulvic acid with a concentration of up to 3% by weight and a pH of at least 11, additionally containing synthetic folic acid or natural folate in a ratio of fulvic acid to synthetic folic acid or natural folate from 75:1 to 29.3:1. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous alkaline solution used for germinating seeds of agricultural plants and foliar feeding of plants has a concentration of fulvic acid of 0.0025% by weight with a content of synthetic folic acid or natural folate from 1:29, 3 to 1:75 of the content of fulvic acid in an aqueous alkaline solution.