RU2753584C1 - Organo-mineral preparation for foliar top dressing of winter wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for leaf (non-root) fertilizing of grain crops. Organo-mineral preparation for foliar top dressing of winter wheat contains succinic acid, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt, orthophosphoric acid, lignohumate and molybdenum at the declared ratio of components.

EFFECT: improved vegetative growth and development of plants, increased yield and quality of the products obtained.

1 cl, 4 ex

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for foliar (foliar) feeding of grain crops, containing the necessary meso- and microelements to improve vegetative growth and development of plants, increase productivity and quality of products.

State of the art

A complex microfertilizer for foliar feeding of plants is known, which contains sulfate salts of gallium, iron, indium, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, copper, tin, silver, cesium, zinc, bismus nitrate salts, mercury, lead, thallium, potassium bromide, iodide, arsenic - acidic, selenic acid, telluric acid, chromic acid, antimony trichloride, ammonium molybdenum acid, as well as nitric, boric, chlorine ferrous acids, beryllium nitrate and water (patent RU 2238924 C2, published on October 27, 2004, IPC C05D 9/02).

The disadvantage of this invention is the physiological ineffectiveness of complex fertilizers due to the increased amount of components and increased concentration of macro- and microelements, which cannot be fully assimilated by the leaf blade of plants.

Also known means "Megamix N" for foliar treatment of cultivated plants, which contains a composition of trace elements in the form of copper, zinc, boron, iron, molybdenum, cobalt, selenium and manganese and a composition of trace elements in the form of nitrogen, magnesium and sulfur, and the agent contains these elements in the following ratio of ingredients, wt. %: copper - 0.2, zinc - 0.2, boron - 0.07, iron - 0.1, molybdenum - 0.05, cobalt - 0.01, selenium - 0.005, manganese - 0.08, total nitrogen - 10, magnesium - 0.5, sulfur - 0.7.

All components are taken at a certain ratio (patent RU 2484073 C2, published on June 10, 2013, IPC C05D 9/02).

The disadvantage of this invention is the content of high doses of total nitrogen in the preparation, which is not suitable for application on the soils of the Stavropol Territory with a high rate of provision with this element.

The closest technical solution is a preparation based on foliar treatment with micronutrient fertilizers in the tillering phase to increase productivity at a dose of 2.0 kg / ha per 250 liters of water. As a microfertilizer, a complex microfertilizer containing succinic and citric acids, potassium hydroxide, lithium chloride, boric acid, salts of trace elements in the form of sulfates, or chlorides, or nitrates of manganese, zinc, copper in the following ratio of components, wt. %: succinic acid 8-10, citric acid 15-17, potassium hydroxide 17-18, boric acid 5.5-5.7, lithium chloride 0.19-0.21, water is the rest, while sulfates or chlorides , or nitrates of manganese, zinc, cobalt and copper are taken in terms of the whole product as manganese 1.5-1.7, zinc 1.2-1.4, cobalt 0.2-0.4 and copper 0.5-0 , 7 (patent No. 2527297, published on August 27, 2014, IPC А01С 21/00, C05G 1/00).

The disadvantage of this invention is that the recommended doses of micronutrient fertilizers are prohibitively minimal, which will not give the desired result with a single application of this drug.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the present invention is to create a highly effective organomineral preparation for foliar (foliar) feeding of winter wheat, containing salts of humic and fulvic acids and a complex of necessary microelements for plant development, increasing productivity and quality of products.

The technical result boils down to the development of an organomineral preparation for foliar feeding of winter wheat and an improvement in the synthesis of enzymes by a plant, which allow more intensive use of energy and water to form a high yield.

The technical result is achieved using an organomineral preparation for foliar feeding of winter wheat containing succinic acid, moreover, it additionally contains zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt, phosphoric acid, lignohumate and molybdenum with the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Zinc sulphate - 13.5-15.0 Magnesium sulfate - 17.5 -19.0 Manganese sulphate - 22.0-24.0 succinic acid - 2.0-3.0 Copper sulphate - 10.0-14.0 Cobalt - 1.0-2.0 Orthophosphoric acid - 10-13 Lignohumate - 14-17.5 Molybdenum - 1.0-1.5

Thus, the achievement of the technical result is carried out by providing a balanced nutrition with meso- and microelements. Various nutrients are required for the normal growth and development of plants. Despite the sharp differences in the quantitative requirement, the function of each necessary meso- and microelement in plants is strictly specific, no one element can be replaced by another.

At the moment in agriculture there is a problem of providing plants with nutrients during the growing season. Usually this problem is solved by the application of mineral fertilizers. It is known that plants are able to absorb nutrients not only through the root system, but also through the leaf surface. This type of treatment is called foliar feeding. Treatment of the surface of plant leaves with aqueous solutions of macro- and micronutrient fertilizers improves photosynthetic activity of plants, creates favorable conditions for their growth and development, increases productivity by 15-18% and increases resistance to adverse environmental factors. Foliar top dressing with fertilizers with microelements improves vegetative growth and development of plants, increases productivity and product quality. Trace elements contained in the preparations increase the utilization rate of basic fertilizers. The most important trace elements include biometal cations such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, as well as molybdenum, titanium and boron. Despite the macroelements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the removal of which during harvesting is several hundred kilograms per hectare, the consumption of microelements is much lower, from a few grams to several hundred grams. The composition and ratio of trace elements are selected taking into account the individual needs of the culture.

Zinc affects the metabolism of energy and substances in the plant, which is due to its content in more than 30 enzymes. With a lack of zinc, reducing sugars accumulate, and the content of sucrose and starch decreases, the accumulation of organic acids increases, the content of auxin decreases, and protein synthesis is disrupted. A deficiency of this element is found in carbonates, highly limed soils. It can increase with the introduction of large doses of phosphorus. For all plants with a lack of zinc, growth retardation is characteristic. Zinc fertilizers are used when the content of this element is less than 0.2-1.0 mg per 1 kg of soil.

The functions that magnesium performs in a plant are manifold. It is part of the chlorophyll molecule and is directly involved in photosynthesis. Magnesium, being directly in the plant, is a part of pectin substances, phytin. Magnesium is a part of chlorophyll, with a lack of this element, chlorophyll decomposes, starting from the plates of the lower leaves. In cereals, with parallel venation, the lower leaves become striped, while in others, green veins appear in the form of a herringbone against the whitish background of the plate. The lightening of the leaf begins at the edges and develops towards the middle. This slows down growth and reduces crop yields.

The physiological role of manganese is determined by the fact that it is part of redox enzymes and takes part in photosynthesis, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. Its average content in plants is 0.001%. Its main amount is concentrated in leaves and chloroplasts. Manganese belongs to metals with a high value of the redox potential and can easily participate in biological metabolic reactions. With a lack of manganese in plant tissues, the concentration of the main nutrients increases, and their ratio is disturbed. This element increases the water-holding capacity of tissues, reduces transpiration, and improves fruiting.

The role of copper is determined by its presence in the composition of copper-containing proteins, enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of diphenols and hydroxylation of onophenols. Copper is a part of other enzymes and takes part in the process of photosynthesis, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The manifestation of symptoms with a lack of this element in cereal plants is due to growth retardation, the whole plant is light green, especially the upper parts; the upper leaves are dry, twisted; difficult earing; ears and panicles are underdeveloped, with sterile flowers. The demand for copper grows in conditions of the application of high rates of nitrogen fertilizers. With an excess of this element, weak root development in plants is characteristic.

Cobalt accumulates in the generative organs, it belongs to metals with variable valence, therefore, the redox potential is of great importance. The prospect of using cobalt-containing fertilizers is determined not only by an increase in yields, but also by an improvement in product quality.

Molybdenum plays an exclusively role in nitrogen nutrition. It is localized in young growing organs and its smaller stems and roots.

More molybdenum in chloroplasts. The high content of molybdenum is very toxic to plants, 1 mg of it per 1 kg of dry weight is harmful to humans and animals. The use of molybdenum ensures, along with an increase in the yield, a more complete incorporation of nitrogen supplied to plants into the protein composition. The external signs of its deficiency are similar to those of a lack of nitrogen with the only difference that with nitrogen deficiency, the leaves that have completed development first of all get sick, and with a lack of molybdenum, the upper young organs get sick.

Succinic acid is a chemical compound, dicarboxylic acid, absorbent, biostimulator of growth and development, immunomodulator. Scientists have proven that cells and tissues of any organism synthesize succinic acid naturally in minimal amounts. The functional features of the acid are in the process of forming organic substances and compounds, affecting metabolism in tissues and cells, providing oxygen to the cells of the body, producing peptides - regulators of protection against toxins. Succinic acid increases the stress resistance of plants to environmental conditions and prevents the excessive accumulation of nitrogen and toxic substances by plants.

The addition of small doses of Lignohumate, a mineral fertilizer containing salts of humic and fulvic acids, helps to increase the yield and market value of agricultural products, improve the ecological quality of goods, and reduce plant stress during pesticide treatment and frost.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

FIG. 1 - the average content of nutrients in winter wheat.

FIG. 2 - examples of the compositions of the proposed nutrition schemes for growing winter wheat,%

FIG. 3 - Productivity and quality of winter wheat varieties "Alekseevich" (2017-2020)

Implementation of the invention

Examples of a specific test of an organomineral preparation for cereals.

Example 1. The test of the proposed organomineral preparation for foliar feeding of winter wheat was carried out on crops of winter wheat on the territory of the training and experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The proposed organomineral preparation for foliar feeding of winter wheat in a single use in the interphase period: tillering-out into the tube against the background of pre-sowing application of N ₁₂ P ₅₂ and top dressing - N ₇₀ . The preparation was applied at a dose of 2.0 kg / ha. The drug contains succinic acid, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate and copper sulfate, molybdenum, cobalt, phosphoric acid, lignohumate in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Zinc sulfate - 12.5 Magnesium sulfate - 15.0 Manganese sulphate - 22.5 succinic acid - 2.5 Copper sulphate - 11.0 Cobalt - 1.0 Orthophosphoric acid - 17.5 Lignohumate - 17.0 Molybdenum - 1.0

This ratio of the components used in the test preparation did not ensure the normal course of redox processes, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. A delay in the growth of asthenia was revealed, since some of the components of the drug were found to be insufficient.

Example 2. Was carried out analogously to example 1, the ratio of the components is as follows, wt. %:

Zinc sulphate - 13.5 Magnesium sulfate - 19.0 Manganese sulphate - 22.0 succinic acid - 2.0 Copper sulphate - 14.0 Cobalt - 1.0 Orthophosphoric acid - 13.0 Lignohumate - 14.0 Molybdenum - 1.5

This ratio of components is optimal for plants, while it contributes to an increase in yield by 12.5%, improves the quality of winter wheat grain in terms of: gluten + 4.8%, protein content + 1.8% (table 3). There is also a noticeable decrease in plant stress during treatments with pesticides and frosts, the normal course of redox processes, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism is ensured.

Example 3. Was carried out analogously to example 1, the ratio of the components is as follows, wt. %:

Zinc sulphate - 15.0 Magnesium sulfate - 17.5 Manganese sulphate - 24.0 succinic acid - 3.0 Copper sulphate - 10.0 Cobalt - 2.0 Orthophosphoric acid - 10.0 Lignohumate - 17.5 Molybdenum - 1.0

This example of the ratio of the components of the drug is also optimal for grain crops and contributes to an increase in yield by 17.7%, improves the quality of winter wheat grain in terms of gluten by 5.7%, in terms of protein content by 2.2% compared to control (table 3). A significant increase in plant stress resistance is observed.

Example 4. Was carried out analogously to example 1, the ratio of the components is as follows, wt. %:

Zinc sulphate - 12.5 Magnesium sulfate - 15.0 Manganese sulphate -17.5 succinic acid - 2.5 Copper sulphate - 16.0 Cobalt - 1.0 Orthophosphoric acid - 17.5 Lignohumate - 17.0 Molybdenum - 1.0

This concentration and ratio of an organomineral preparation for foliar feeding of grain crops was not justified due to the high concentration of some components of the preparation, not ensuring the normal course of the redox process, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. The high content of copper sulfate has a detrimental effect on the beneficial microflora of the soil, in particular, the suppression of the saprophytic microflora involved in the transformation of plant nutrients. The suppression of the development of the root system of plants and the instability to adverse environmental influences were revealed.

Thus, examples 2 and 3 are the most effective, since the elements are balanced in optimal concentrations and are involved in key metabolic processes. The organomineral preparation in the presented dosages has a stimulating effect on plant growth, does not show a toxic effect on cells, contributes to an increase in the tillering coefficient, a significant increase in growth processes, an increase in immunity and stress resistance of plants to adverse environmental conditions. There is a significant increase in the yield and quality of grain crops.

Thus, examples 2 and 3 are the most effective, since the elements are balanced in optimal concentrations and are involved in key metabolic processes. The organomineral preparation in the presented dosages has a stimulating effect on plant growth, does not show a toxic effect on cells, contributes to an increase in the tillering coefficient, a significant increase in growth processes, an increase in immunity and stress resistance of plants to adverse environmental conditions. There is a significant increase in the yield and quality of grain crops.

From the conducted research, it can be concluded that the proposed invention has the following advantages in relation to known developments:

- physiologically effective for plants, the utilization rate of biogenic elements from the preparation by plants is 90%;

- the doses of the drug are optimal for all soil and climatic zones;

- the mineral nutrition of plants is positively optimized and the unbalanced composition of the soil is corrected with biogenic elements.

Claims (2)

Organomineral preparation for foliar feeding of winter wheat, containing succinic acid, characterized in that it additionally contains zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt, phosphoric acid, lignohumate and molybdenum in the following ratio of components, wt. %: Zinc sulphate 13.5-15.0 Magnesium sulfate 17.5-19.0 Manganese sulphate 22.0-24.0 succinic acid 2.0-3.0 Copper sulphate 10.0-14.0 Cobalt 1.0-2.0 Orthophosphoric acid 10-13 Lignohumate 14-17.5 Molybdenum 1.0-1.5

Images