RU2598267C1 - Method for propagation of shadberry plants by green grafts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. Invention provides a method for propagation of shadberry plants by green grafts in conditions of artificial fog using heating of substrate, including cutting of grafts, preliminary processing and rooting, where in advance, 2 days prior to cutting, method includes copious irrigation of stools, grafts are cut from side shoots with length 10-15 cm, followed by treatment thereof with aqueous solution of growth regulator "Kornerost P" in amount of 2 g per litre of water, with treatment exposure of 16 hours - in complete darkness, and root formation is performed at relative air humidity of 85 %, air temperature 21-24 °C and substrate temperature above air temperature by 5 °C in cassettes with cells, filled with substrate, which consists of neutral peat and sand at a ratio of 2:1, wherein each treated graft is placed into a separate cell at a depth of 3.5-4.5 cm, after planting performing double treatment of grafts with Phytosporin-M, PS.

EFFECT: invention increases output of planting material of shadberry plants.

1 cl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to crop production, forestry, forestry and agriculture, namely to nursery, and can be used in the cultivation of planting material of hard-rooted species of plants of irgi. The method of propagation of irgi with green cuttings in conditions of artificial fog can form the basis for planning the volume of cuttings in nurseries.

Green cuttings are the leafy parts of the stem with one or more buds. In the practice of horticulture, the following methods of propagation of perennials are used:

- reproduction by seeds;

- reproduction by dividing the bush;

- Reproduction by root offspring.

There is a known method of propagation of seedlings by seed. When propagating by seeds, it is necessary to prepare them. To obtain seeds, the fruit of the berry should be kept for several (5-7) days in a cool room, then they are crushed, the juice is squeezed out, and the seeds are separated from the pulp, it is recommended to sow the seeds in boxes with light soil mixture, which consists of sod land, humus and sand ( Dolmatov, E.A. Irga / E.A. Dolmatov // Garden and Vegetable Garden. - 2001. - No. 3. - S. 27-31).

The disadvantage of this method (sowing seeds) is the low yield of seedlings, high cost and a long growing period, due to the difficulties in growing planting material of the sowing because of the low germination of seeds and the specific feature of the sowing, which has a tendency to seed germination in the second year after sowing. In this regard, it is difficult to obtain normal seedlings when sowing seedlings of irgi even at elevated seeding rates. With this method of reproduction, the progeny is not transmitted as much as possible parental qualities, as with green cuttings.

There is a known method of propagation of daisies by dividing the bush and digging up root offspring, but the result is a limited number of daughter seedlings, not more than 4-6. The term "offspring" is a side shoot, aboveground or underground, formed from a kidney in the region of the root neck.

The disadvantage of reproduction by dividing the bush and the method of digging up root offspring is that in this way it is impossible to obtain a sufficient amount of planting material. In some species of virigins, root offspring or in limited quantities are not formed. Based on the above reasons, these methods of vegetative propagation of snowdrops by root offspring and dividing the bush are economically inexpedient, but can practically be applied in the private gardening sector.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of propagation of igra with green cuttings according to the methods of R.Kh. Turkish, F.Ya. Polikarpova, V.V. Pilyugina (1991) (Polikarpova F.Ya., Pilyugina VV Cultivation of planting material by green cuttings. - M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1991), which includes the procurement and cutting of cuttings of snowberry in the morning, pre-treatment of β-indolyl-3 cuttings with oil acid for 12 hours and rooting.

In 2007 N.V. Khromov studied the reproduction of irgi green cuttings. (Khromov N.V. Assessment of the gene pool of the irgi by economic and biological characteristics and reproduction technology in the conditions of the Tambov region / N.V. Khromov: Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of agricultural sciences. - Michurinsk, 2007) .

 As a result of research N.V. Khromov established the positive effect of β-indolyl-3-butyric acid (IMC) on the regenerative ability of green cuttings of blood-red iri (Khromov N.V. Assessment of the gene pool of irgi according to economic and biological characteristics and reproduction technology in the conditions of the Tambov region / N.V. Khromov: Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of agricultural sciences - Michurinsk, 2007).

The number of rooted cuttings was 60%; cuttings of the first grade had a maximum yield. Under control conditions, only 2% of the cuttings formed roots. When assessing the effect of various parts of annual growth on the rooting of green cuttings of Canadian irgi, higher rates were observed when using the lower part of the growth - 46.7%, which is 10% more than when using the upper part of the growth (36.7%). The minimum percentage of root formation was observed when using the middle part of the growth (6.7%).

When studying the influence of the terms of planting cuttings on their rooting, it was found that when planting cuttings during the period of complete ripening of the fruit, no roots were noted on them, during ripening 3-5% of the fruits showed the largest number of rooted cuttings - 36.7%, during the formation fruit, root formation was found in 10% of cuttings.

Thus, as a result of research N.V. Khromov established that the propagation of Shrimp with green cuttings is possible, and the use of root formation stimulants (IMC) is quite effective.

The disadvantage of this method is the small percentage of rooted cuttings and the dependence on the established influence of the timing of planting cuttings on their rooting, as evidenced by N.V. The facts of the fact that during the period of complete ripening of the fruits during the planting of cuttings, no root formation was noted on them; during the ripening period, 3-5% of the fruits showed the largest number of rooted cuttings - 36.7%; during the period of fruit formation, root formation was found in 10% of cuttings.

From the established facts N.V. Khromovy it follows that it is better to cut the cuttings during the ripening period of 3-5% of the fruits, and then the largest number of rooted cuttings is noted. But it is necessary to take into account that the developed method of propagation of cuttings of iergi should be universal not only for one species, but it should also be taken into account that the phenological phase, such as the beginning of fruit ripening, is observed in different species of iraghi in the I, III decades of June and II decade July, depending on meteorological conditions, the place of growth and biological characteristics of each particular species. And to make a binding to obtain a greater effect from the rooting of green cuttings of igraine to the ripening dates of the fruit is not entirely advisable, due to economic disadvantages and the difference in the timing of the cuttings of plants of different species of igreas, while cuttings of the same species can already be planted in the greenhouse, in which a callus has formed and cuttings for rooting are placed in the same conditions, without taking into account the need to observe already differing conditions in the greenhouse. All this leads to a decrease in the percentage of rooted cuttings, and as a result, the cost increases. Therefore, it is impossible to apply this method in industrial nursery farming due to unprofitable production. All this creates a shortage of planting material of irgi, and this inhibits the laying of intensive gardens with promising new species and selected forms, which also have remarkable decorative properties and could be used for landscaping cities and towns, creating parks and squares.

The objective of the present invention is the development of a universal method of propagation of different types of Shrimp, using which you can get planting material of high quality in an economical way.

The problem is solved by the proposed method of propagation of irgih plants with green cuttings in an artificial fog using a substrate heating, including cutting of cuttings, pre-treatment and rooting, and preliminarily, 2 days before the cuttings, abundant watering of uterine plants is carried out, cuttings are cut from side shoots with a length of 10 -15 cm, followed by treatment with an aqueous solution of the growth regulator “Cornerost P” 2 g per liter of water, with an exposure time of 16 hours in complete darkness. Rooting is carried out at a relative humidity of 85%, an air temperature of 21-24 ° C and a substrate temperature higher than the air temperature by 5 ° C in cassettes with cells filled with a substrate, which consists of neutral peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 1, each processed the stalk is placed in a separate cell to a depth of 3.5-4.5 cm. After planting, the cuttings are double-treated with Fitosporin-M, PS.

The successful process of rooting cuttings of irgi with the use of this method provides:

1) the presence of a film of water on the surface of the sheet (due to the use of artificial fog);

2) an increase in substrate temperature by 5 ° C relative to air temperature (due to substrate heating);

3) optimal illumination from the outside and the absence of direct sunlight on the rooted cuttings of the irgi (due to the use of a special mesh for shading from the outside of the greenhouse);

4) good hydration of rooted cuttings is ensured due to the abundant watering of uterine plants of the irgi, from which cuttings are cut for rooting 2 days before the cuttings;

5) the use of root stimulants.

The technical result is to increase the yield of planting material of plants of the irgi.

The method is as follows.

Abundant watering of uterine plants is carried out 2 days before the cuttings. Then cut green cuttings from the side shoots with a length of 10-15 cm, after which they are treated with an aqueous solution of the growth regulator “Cornerost P” 2 g per liter of water for 16 hours. The cuttings are immersed in the solution so that the leaves are not processed. The concentration of the solution and the exposure time must be maintained precisely, their excess does not lead to an increase in the effect, but to a toxic effect. Rooting is carried out in cassettes filled with a substrate consisting of neutral peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 1, the treated cuttings are placed in separate cells of the cassettes to a depth of 3.5-4.5 cm. The cassettes are installed in a greenhouse equipped with a fogging installation, in which constant air humidity of 85%, air temperature of 21-24 ° C and the temperature of the substrate above the air temperature by 5 ° C until rooting. After planting the cuttings, the Phytosporin-M treatment is carried out, PS (paste) - a titer of at least 100 million live Bacillussubtilis cells, strain 26D, after another 2 weeks, the treatment with the same preparation is repeated.

Examples of specific application.

Example 1. Reproduction was carried out in the nursery of the Botanical Garden of NRU "BelSU" by the proposed method on the following species of irgi: "Canadian", "alder" and "kravo-red" in 2014

When rooting, it is important that the temperature of the substrate in the root formation zone of the cuttings is 5 ° C higher than the air temperature, for this it is necessary to additionally heat the substrate. A local increase in temperature causes the outflow of physiologically active substances into the basal part of the handle, into the root formation zone. To create such conditions, the following measures were preliminarily taken - biological fuel was laid at the bottom of the greenhouse - in this case, straw treated with Baikal 30 cm, which, when decomposed, forms heat and provides lower heating. Above, sand was poured with a layer of 10 cm and cassettes were placed on top, divided into cells and filled with neutral peat and sand in a 2: 1 ratio. Cassettes with 144 and 64 cells were used for rooting.

Having studied the effect of humidity on the rooting of cuttings, it was found that the relative humidity of the air most favorable for rooting cuttings is 85%. High humidity is supported by the creation of artificial fog. For this purpose, the greenhouse was equipped with a fog-forming installation, with the help of which an artificial fog is created above the rooting of the cuttings. The principle of operation of the fogging plant is to spray water to a fog state, the diameter of the drop is 50-150 microns, using spray nozzles - nozzles. The fogging plant, according to the specified program, is automatically switched on. Duration of inclusion 15 s. During this period of time, the cuttings are moistened.

Next, they prepared and planted green cuttings. Preliminary, abundant watering of the uterine plants was carried out for 2 days before the cuttings.

For cuttings, twigs were chosen that were not affected by anything. Cuttings were cut from lateral shoots 10-15 cm long. For pretreatment with the aim of rooting cuttings, the root formation stimulator Kornerost P was used - 950 g / kg of potassium salt (indolyl-3) -acetic acid, manufactured by PSK Technoexport LLC, Russia, Moscow region Sergiev Posad district, 2 g per liter of water. The stimulator treatment was carried out in the dark for 16 hours at a temperature of + 18 + 21 ° C. The cuttings were immersed in the solution so that the leaves were not subjected to processing. In order to root, the treated cuttings were placed in a separate cell to a depth of 3.5-4.5 cm. After the cuttings were planted, after 2 weeks they were treated with Fitosporin-M, PS (paste) (titer of at least 100 million living cells and spores / g Bacillussubtilis, strain 26D) - 10 g of phytosporin / 2 liters of water, for the prevention and treatment of plants from fungal and bacterial diseases: late blight, root rot, scab, powdery mildew, blackleg, rust and others. After another 2 weeks, they were re-treated with this drug at the rate of 5 g of phytosporin / 2 liters of water. The following modes were maintained in the greenhouse: air humidity 85%, air temperature 24 ° C, substrate temperature 29 ° C.

In the course of the experiment, it was found that direct solar radiation penetrating the polycarbonate greenhouse construction reaches 50-60%, which causes overheating of the cuttings, and also the high transparency of the greenhouse leads to strong cooling at night, which increases the daily temperature amplitude. Therefore, it is advisable to use a special green grid to shade the greenhouse from the outside, which helps to reduce temperature fluctuations in the greenhouse and favors the rooting of cuttings.

The yield of planting material was 75%.

Example 2. Reproduction was carried out in the nursery of the Botanical Garden of NRU "BelSU" by the proposed method on the following species of irgi: "Canadian", "alder" and "blood-red" in 2014

Preliminary watering was not carried out.

Cuttings are green, 10-15 cm long.

They were treated with an aqueous solution of the growth regulator “Cornerost P” 2 g per liter of water for 16 hours

Rooting was carried out in cassettes filled with neutral peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 1, the treated cuttings were placed in a separate cell to a depth of 3.5-4.5 cm.

The following modes were maintained in the greenhouse: air humidity 85%, air temperature 21-24 ° C, substrate temperature 25-29 ° C.

The yield of planting material was 60-65%.

Example 3. The Botanical Garden of NRU "BelSU", a nursery.

Canadian Irga

Abundant watering of uterine plants 2 days before grafting.

Cuttings are green, 10-15 cm long.

They were treated with an aqueous solution.

Rooting was carried out in cassettes filled with neutral peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 1, the treated cuttings were placed in a separate cell to a depth of 3.5-4.5 cm.

The following regimes were maintained in the greenhouse: air humidity 85%, air temperature 21 ° C, substrate temperature 25 ° C.

The yield of planting material was 55%.

Conclusions: Having studied the effect of humidity on the rooting of cuttings, we found that the relative humidity of the air most favorable for rooting cuttings is 85%.

For irgi, the optimum temperature for rooting green cuttings is 21-24 ° C.

When rooting the cuttings, it is important that the temperature of the substrate in the root formation zone of the cuttings is 5 ° C higher than the air temperature, the substrate is additionally heated.

Cuttings taken from young plants take root better, very old queen cells were previously subjected to anti-aging pruning. The best material for cuttings are lateral shoots formed on last year’s growths in the lower but well-lit part of the crown, which have large developed buds. Vertically growing, as well as spinning shoots root 20% worse, because contain insufficient carbohydrates necessary for successful rooting.

Claims (1)

The method of propagation of irgi plants with green cuttings in an artificial fog using heating the substrate, including cutting the cuttings, pre-treatment and rooting, characterized in that preliminarily, 2 days before the cuttings, abundant watering of the uterine plants is carried out, cuttings are cut from side shoots 10- 15 cm, followed by treatment with an aqueous solution of the growth regulator “Cornerost P” 2 g per liter of water, with an exposure time of 16 hours in complete darkness, and rooting is carried out at relative humidity and 85%, an air temperature of 21-24 ° C and a substrate temperature higher than the air temperature by 5 ° C in cassettes with cells filled with a substrate, which consists of neutral peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 1, each treated stalk being placed in a separate cell to a depth of 3.5-4.5 cm, after planting, the cuttings are twice treated with Fitosporin-M, PS.