RU2559002C2 - Method of planting fruit trees on "flower bed" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method relates to the field of agriculture, in particular crop production. The method implemented under conditions of a short growing period and lack of the amount of positive temperatures. The seedling is fixed by binding to the planting stake, at that for planting the winter-hardy rootstocks are used. Then the seedling is put on the pre-dug soil and the "flower bed" is formed at a height of the root system around the perimeter of the crown of the seedling from the soil with boards.

EFFECT: method enables to avoid the spring damping-out and helps to accelerate the start of sap flow, which affects the duration of the growing period of the fruit tree.

2 ex, 1 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to crop production, in particular to the cultivation of fruit trees in a short growing season without preparing a planting pit, which contributes to better warming of the root layer of the soil and earlier start of sap flow.

State of the art

There are several methods for planting fruit trees: manual (in a pit) and mechanized (in a trench and furrows) (see: Bezuglova OS, Yablonya and pear, 2011; Yakushev VI, etc. Fruit growing with the basics of decorative gardening, 1980 ; Aytzhanova S.D. Fruit growing, 2006; Samoshchenkov E.G. et al. Fruit growing, 2002).

All planting methods include deepening the seedling root system from 40 to 70 cm with respect to the soil level. Under the conditions of Irkutsk and surrounding areas, the depth of soil freezing is 3-3.5 m and thawing of the root layer during planting in the pit is observed only by mid-May.

The closest in technical essence and sufficient positive effect, and adopted by the authors as a prototype, is to plant a fruit tree on a mound (see: V. Susov, Increasing Winter Hardiness and Fruit Tree Yield, 1993; Our Garden and Vegetable Garden, 1993).

But this method was proposed for planting fruit trees in areas with nearby groundwater and was not considered as accelerating the fruit tree vegetation.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to reduce the influence of one of the problems that arise when growing a fruit tree in a Siberian climate: a short growing season and a lack of sum of positive temperatures. The technical result that can be obtained using the proposed method is to simplify the method of planting a fruit tree, reduce costs during planting, accelerate the onset of sap flow of the fruit tree, as a result of an increase in the growing season, prevent spring root crops from ripening, earlier ripening of wood and plant entry at rest, which leads to better wintering of the fruit tree.

The method of planting a fruit tree on a “flower bed” is that the seedling is placed on previously excavated soil, fixed by binding to a planting stake, and then a “flower bed” is formed from the soil to the height of the root system along the perimeter of the seedling crown. "Flowerbed" must have sides for the convenience of watering and feeding fruit tree.

The technical result is achieved using winter-hardy stocks. The root system of such stocks requires a depth of no more than 40-50 cm, which, when planted on a “flower bed”, facilitates the rapid thawing of the root layer of the soil and the beginning of sap flow when establishing a positive air temperature.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the temperature of the beginning of root growth and, accordingly, the way out of the rest of the whole tree is the minimum temperature at which the root growth of the used rootstock is already observed. For example, for a Siberian berry apple tree it is + 2.5- + 3 ° C. The faster the root layer of the soil warms up to the required temperature, the faster the growth of the fruit tree will begin. The proposed landing method allows this to be achieved 5-7 days earlier than with the conventional method of landing in a pit.

The drawing shows the sequence of work on planting a seedling of a fruit tree on a "flower bed".

Examples of specific performance of the method of planting a fruit tree on a "flower bed".

Example 1. Ten trees of apple trees of the same variety were planted on a "flower bed". For control, ten apple trees of the same variety were planted in a pit. The kidneys began to swell in the experiment on May 19, while in the control only 25; leaves began to appear on May 25, and in control 30. Flowering of experimental trees began on May 30. The first flowers on the control plants appeared on June 7th. On August 31, the growth of plants growing on the "flowerbed" stopped. Control plants continued to grow until September 9th.

Example 2. Ten trees of apple trees of the same variety were planted on a "flower bed". For control, ten apple trees of the same variety were planted in a pit. Soil temperature was measured at a depth of 2 cm, 15 cm, 25 cm. In April, at a depth of 2 cm, the temperature of the soil when planting in a pit ranged from 7 to 8.2 ° C, the temperature on the knoll was 1-1.5 ° C higher . The difference at a depth of 15-20 cm (1.5-2.2 ° C) and 25-30 cm (1.5-2.2 ° C) was 0.5-1 ° C and 0-1 ° C, respectively. In May, the temperatures of the root layer at the three studied depths did not differ significantly until the end of the second decade. In the last decade of May, the temperature difference reached 4 ° C at a depth of 2 cm, up to 6 ° C - 15-20 cm, up to 2 ° C - 25-30 cm. Throughout the summer months, the temperature of the root layer when landing on a knoll on a depth of 2 cm was stably higher than when landing in a pit. The observed differences reached 6 ° C. In mid-September, the temperature at a depth of 2 cm on the knoll exceeded the corresponding plane maximum by a maximum of 2 ° C. In September, at a depth of 15–20 and 25–30 cm, the temperatures did not differ significantly, and on the knoll for a short time the temperature was slightly lower than similar values on the plane.

The invention in comparison with other known solutions has the following advantages:

- an increase in the temperature of the root layer of the soil allows the fruit tree to start vegetation 5-7 days earlier;

- due to the early onset of vegetation, the end of growth and maturation of fruit tree wood occurs earlier, which contributes to the earlier entry of the tree into a dormant state and, as a result, its better wintering;

- the method of planting a fruit tree on a “flower bed” is less costly, since it involves only cultivating (plowing) the planting area and digging a seedling, in contrast to the method of planting in a pit, in which it is necessary to cultivate the soil, dig holes, furrows or trenches with their subsequent digging.

Claims (1)

The method of planting a fruit tree in the conditions of a short growing season and the lack of the sum of positive temperatures, including fixing the sapling by tying it to the planting stake, characterized in that winter-resistant stocks are used for planting, and the seedling is placed on previously excavated soil and then on the height of the root system along the perimeter of the seedling crown form a "flowerbed" of soil with sides.

Images