RU2447288C1 - Powered support for steep beds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: powered support for steep beds includes basic stand and linear sections. The basic stand is divided into basic sections, every of which consists of front and goaf walls with pneumatic props of thrust and tail pieces connecting front and goaf walls by bed soil. Each linear section comprises a cap, a shoe, a thrust element in the form of a row of pneumatic props, a barrier element in the form of a capsule of a hardware unit, an extension element in the form of a pneumatic lift with a fixator lock, a flat frame with roller supports on shock absorbers, capable of displacement inside tailpieces of the basic section. The thrust element comprises a multi-chamber pneumatic cushion inserted into a concave cavity of the cap and acting as a flexible hinged joint, and a system of single-chamber pneumatic cushions installed underneath and separated with rigid thin discs into tiers, the bearing capacity of which increases in direction from the cap towards the support section base.

EFFECT: improved operability of the support and equipment under conditions of dynamic effects of rock pressure at upper category mines.

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Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to the field of mechanized fastening of mine workings during the extraction of coal from steep formations of medium power in supercategory mines. The technical result is to increase the performance of the lining in the conditions of a dynamic block collapse of the roof. It is known from the experience of mechanized roof supports that when a block roof collapses, the sections sit "dry", the oil is completely squeezed out of the hydrostatic strut, the section is clamped by the side rocks. To release the section from the blockage, a drilling and blasting method is used. Often such a section is sent in metal. If coal extraction is carried out by a device for physical destruction of coal (laser, ultrasound, water jet) and there is electronic equipment in the lava working space for controlling the processes of extraction and moving, then it is impossible to release the stuck sections using the drilling and blasting method. It is necessary to increase the flexibility of the lining and its susceptibility to the dynamic manifestations of rock pressure

Known treatment plants of the type KM87, KM88, KMT, OKP, KM103, including roof support sections, guide section beams connecting the conveyor belt to the roof support sections, the base of the complex in the form of a conveyor stand and a excavating organ [1]. These high-performance complexes with stable mechanized supports work at dip angles of 10-15 degrees.

Complexes KM137, KM138, KM142, KM143, KM144 are designed for flat coal seams with an angle of incidence of up to 35 degrees [2]. All of these complexes cannot be used on inclined and steep seams with a bed angle of more than 35 degrees and with deserted coal mining. On a steep fall, such supports are prone to slipping and tipping over in the direction of falling.

The search for a support mechanism for stabilization is carried out in various directions.

Known complex A.M. Dolinsky MKD with mechanized support [3].

Complex for inclined and steep formations of MKD, including the complex becoming, a shearer, a control system and support sections, each of which contains an overlap with a visor that can rotate 180 degrees to the bottom, a guard, racks and a base connected with the motor jack becoming and a sectional guide, characterized in that the base of the lining section is made uniform for the section and is equipped with a vertical bracket and eyes located in the plane of symmetry of the base, the sectional guide with consists of two pivotally connected beams with three mutually parallel hinges, the fingers of which are parallel to the soil surface and the face surface, the front beam being connected by a front hinge with a stand, the middle hinge with a rear beam, the rear beam with the other end connected via a third hinge to a vertical bracket base, and the motor jack of the lining section is connected at one end to the middle hinge of the beams, and the other end is connected to the eyes of the base.

The disadvantages of supporting the MKD complex are as follows. The system of stabilization of sections in a plane perpendicular to the plane of becoming two guide beams with a vertical bracket along the shoe and with a stabilizing jack along the upper shaft eliminates or reduces the tendency to tilt the sections to the bottom or from the bottom, but does not prevent the turn, tilt and slide towards the dip of the formation. Sliding, skewing and tipping is facilitated by the non-adherence of the base beam to the soil of the formation, especially when watering the soil (natural or by irrigation), vibration of the excavating organ with weak lateral rocks (bathed above the upper sections and burying the shoe in the soil of the formation).

Known mechanized lining for steep fall seams [4], designed for mining seams by a seizure body with a physical method of coal destruction.

It includes a base stand, divided into base sections, each of which consists of a front and block wall with hydraulic struts of the head and the top of the base section and shanks connecting the front and block walls along the soil of the formation, while the hydraulic stand of the linear section is equipped with a base plate and is mounted on an arch designs with roller bearings installed with the possibility of movement inside the shanks of the base section for fixing the linear section in a strictly normal position to the formation when it is unloaded and moved, and to the base uu each base section arranged hydraulic cylinders, with bursting correction underlying loaded base section of the section for feeding to the rise reservoir in turn, starting with the top. The shoe of this lining is mounted on roller bearings with hydraulic shock absorbers with the possibility of lifting it above the soil when moving the lining section to prevent it from digging into weak soil and lowering the shoe when loading the lining to relieve the load from the roller bearings and transfer it to the shoe. Inside the arched structure there is a hardware compartment on vibration-absorbing extensions for automated control equipment as a dredging unit using a laser, ultrasound, a cutting water jet, and all devices of the lining section.

The disadvantages of this mechanized lining are:

1. The hardware compartment does not fill the entire space under the arched structure.

2. As shown by tests of the AK-3 aggregate on a steep formation [5, 6, 7] in the conditions of weak lateral rocks, a powerful stream of small pieces of rock and coal was observed during the operation of the front excavation organ, which would shake the hardware compartment filled with electronics of the automated control system , from which elastic stretch marks on which it is suspended will not save. Moreover, the penetration of people into the lava is impossible. During the movement of the support sections, the presence of a person is also almost impossible. And the presence of a person for the diagnosis of the unit, especially at the test stage, is desirable. During downtime, moving a person along the lava is also dangerous due to ricochets of pieces of rock and coal - there are no devices protecting the person.

3. The use of a physical method for the destruction of coal requires the widespread use of electronics and optics, for which coal and rock dust are extremely harmful.

None of the existing mechanized roof supports, projects or inventions [5, 6, 7] provide isolation of the roof support space and purification of air or supply of clean air under the roof support.

Known mechanized support for thin layers of steep fall [8].

The lining includes a base stand and linear sections, each of which consists of a hydraulic stand with an upper, a shoe and a hydraulic jack of movement. The base stav is divided into sections, each of which consists of a front and block wall with hydraulic struts of the thrust and the upper section of the base section and shanks connecting the front and block walls along the soil of the formation. The hydraulic section of the linear section is skipped in the center of a rigid flat frame with roller bearings on hydraulic shock absorbers mounted to move inside the shanks of the base section for fixation in a strictly normal position to the formation when it is unloaded and moved. At the base of each base section, correction jacks are located with the possibility of expansion into the downstream loaded base section to feed this section in line with the uprising of the formation in turn, starting from the top. The shoe is connected to the frame on roller bearings with hydraulic shock absorbers with the possibility of lifting it above the soil when moving the lining section to prevent it from digging into weak soil and lowering the shoe when loading the lining to remove the load from the roller bearings and transfer it to the shoe.

The invention improves the stability and fit of the lining in the formation of a steep fall, makes it possible to restore the normal position of the sections to the formation and compensate for the sliding of the lining by feeding the sections in the uprising.

The disadvantages of this mechanized lining are:

- openness of the working space of the lava for the penetration of pieces of rock and dust;

- the use of hydraulic racks as supporting elements of the lining requires the presence of an oil station with the supply of electric cables, electric starters, etc., which is not safe to use in conditions of overcategory mines.

The well-known mechanized support for the development of thin and medium power steep seams in supercategory mines [9], adopted by us as a prototype, which ensures the safety and comfort of working conditions for people and electronic equipment that controls the mechanisms of physical destruction of coal.

Mechanized support includes a base stand, divided into base sections, each of which consists of a front and block walls with pneumatic struts and shanks connecting the front and block walls along the soil of the formation, and linear sections, each of which consists of a tower with a guide, a shoe, a spreader element, a protective element, a sliding element and a flat frame with roller bearings on shock absorbers that can move inside the shanks of the base section. As a protective element, a capsule is used, on top of which there is an upper with a guide passed through the arch of the capsule, and the cylinder of the pneumatic hoist with a sliding lock lock is pressed into the bottom of the capsule, passed through the center of the frame, the rod of which is burnt into the shoe, rigidly connected by rods to the frame.

The disadvantages of this mechanized lining are:

- the expansion element is one row of air bags, the flexibility of which cannot compensate for the movements of the roof blocks;

- the upper, rigidly connected to the guide passed through the arch of the capsule, upon impact of massive blocks of rock can damage the capsule of the hardware compartment and the equipment located in it, and also create a danger to working people.

The OBJECT of the INVENTION is to increase the performance of the lining and equipment in the conditions of dynamic manifestations of rock pressure in supercategory mines.

The performance of the lining is increased by increasing the flexibility of the lining and the exclusion of landing sections of the lining "dry", - clamping the metal structures support the lateral rocks. Technically, this is realized by the fact that the expansion element consists of a multi-channel air bag inserted into the concave cavity of the upper tower and acting as a flexible hinge, and a single-chamber air bag system located underneath it, divided by hard thin disks into tiers, the bearing capacity of which increases in the direction from the upper tower to the base of the section hold on.

The load-bearing capacity of the lining is increased due to the corresponding adjustment of the safety valves of the air bags of the lower tiers to a higher nominal pressure. The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a vertical section of a lining section; figure 2 is a view of the side lining section and a vertical section of the base section of the stav; figure 3 is a view of the lining section from above.

Verkhnyak 1 with a multi-channel pneumopillow 2 inserted into its concave cavity is supported by a system of single-chamber pillows 3 with an elastic rod in the center 24. The system of single-chamber pillows is divided by thin hard disks 23 into tiers, the carrying capacity of which increases in the direction from the upper to the base. When the block roof is upset, the upper tier of the air cushions is first crushed, then the second, etc. In this case, the lining resistance is constantly increasing. To protect the airbags from the ricochet of pieces of rock, they are enclosed in a polymer protective screen 25.

The load from the side rocks is then transferred to the capsule 4 with stiffeners, which acts as a hardware compartment.

The capsule itself is mounted on an air lift 5 with a lock-lock 6. The air lift is installed in a glass 7, which is rigidly connected to the flat frame 8 in its center and rests on the shoe 9 with its own stem. Shoe rods 10 is also connected with a flat frame that stabilizes the linear section in space and is mounted on roller bearings 11 with shock absorbers (springs). Roller bearings have the ability to move inside the shanks 12 of the base section when moving the lining.

The base mill is divided into sections, each of which is represented by the front wall 13 with air struts of the head 14 and pneumatic jacks of the sections for rising-falling formation 15, the block wall 16 with similar pneumostacks 17 and pneumatic jacks of the correction 18. The block and front walls of the base section are connected by shanks 12, inside of which the roller bearings 11 move, which ensures the position of the linear section that is strictly normal to the formation when it is unloaded and moved.

The base and linear sections of the lining are interconnected by pneumatic jacks 19

Along the front wall of the base section, a human walker 20 was burned with a ladder and shutters, telescopically connected to the hatch of the capsule with a manhole 21.

An air duct 22 is laid over the human walker to supply clean air and create backwater in the human walker and capsule of the hardware compartment.

The proposed lining can work with the plow when moving along telescopic rails mounted on the front wall of the base section, however, it is mainly designed to work with the extraction organ of the physical method of coal destruction (laser, ultrasound or high pressure water jet).

Coal delivery on lava at a steep fall is carried out by gravity. Moving the base section to the bottom is carried out by pneumatic jacks of the moving 19 after removing the strip of coal and unloading the pneumatic struts 14 (if side rocks allow, it can be moved with back pressure).

Then, these air struts are bursting at full power, and the air cushions 2 and 3 of the linear section of the lining are unloaded, and after opening the lock-retainer 6 and reducing the pressure in the air lift 5, the lug extension decreases: the shock absorbers (springs) of the roller bearings lift the capsule with the shoe from the formation soil and the linear section on the roller bearings located inside the shanks 12 of the base section, the pneumatic jacks of the movement 19 is pulled to the bottom. At the same time, the unevenness of the soil, its tendency to swell, do not interfere with the movement of the lining, and any excesses of the formation and its waviness do not interfere. Each linear section, combined with the base section into a single whole, fits individually into the route laid by the extraction body.

Periodically, to compensate for sliding for a moment, the air bags 2 and 3 of the upper linear section are unloaded (with possible preservation of the back-up in the air struts 14 and 17 of the base section) and the correction pneumatic jacks 15, 18, which rely on the open upstream section, the top support section is fed up rebellion to the desired size and the lining section is again bursting at full capacity.

A similar process is repeated with all sections from the top to the bottom of the lava.

When changing the length of the lava, the reverse process is possible - lowering the lining sections, starting from the lowest.

A feature of the proposed lining is the application. The isolation of the lava workspace and the creation of comfortable conditions allow the use of high-tech methods of coal extraction with automated control of all processes.

Information sources

1. Khorin V.N. Development of technology for underground mining of coal, potash and manganese ores. M .: Nedra, 1985, p.148-167.

2. Orlov A.A. and others. Fastening and roof management in complex mechanized working faces. - M .: Nedra, 1993, p. 217-279.

3. Patent RU 2276729 C1, E21D 23/00 dated 04.10.2004, Bull. No. 14, 05.20.2006.

4. Patent RU 2324820 C1, E21D 23/00, 05.20.2008, Bull. Number 14

5. K.A. Ardashev, A.A. Perfilov (VNIMI), A.M. Dolinsky (Giprouglemash). Test results for the AK unit. M .: "Mining machines and automation", 3, 1972.

6. K.A. Ardashev, V.M.Shik, A.A. Perfilov. The study of interaction with the side rocks and the controllability of the AK unit on a steep formation Leningrad, Proceedings of VNIMI, sb. 85, 1972.

7. A.A. Perfilov. Features of the interaction of mechanized lining with a safety coal bundle. Kemerovo, Transactions of KuzPI, Sat 43, 1980.

8. Patent RU 2357083 C1, E21D 23/00, 12.24.2007, Bull. No. 15

9. Patent RU 2398969 C1, E21D 23/00, 09/10/2010, Bull. No. 25

Claims (1)

Mechanized support for steep seams, including a base stand, divided into base sections, each of which consists of a front and block walls with pneumatic struts and shanks connecting the front and block walls along the soil of the formation, and linear sections, each of which consists of an upper section, a shoe, an expansion element in the form of a series of air struts, a protective element in the form of a capsule of the hardware compartment, a sliding element in the form of an air lift with a lock-lock, a flat frame with roller bearings on shock absorbers, it having the ability to move inside the shanks of the base section, characterized in that the spacer element consists of a multi-chamber air bag inserted into the concave cavity of the upper and acting as a flexible hinge, and a system of single-chamber air bags located under it divided by hard thin disks into tiers, the bearing capacity of which increases in direction from the upper to the base of the lining section.

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