RU2461714C1 - Powered support for steep beds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: powered support comprises base supporting structure and linear supporting sections. Base supporting structure is divided into two base sections each of which consists of front wall with hydraulic props of stay brace and shanks. Each linear section consists of pneumatic cushions of stay brace with top part and support plate, which are fixed on movable supports attached to the capsule; at that, bottom of capsule has thickening in the form of a shoe. Movable support consists of two light-weight discs put through bearings on the axis, between which pressure plank with springs is located from above and transmits their forces to the same support axis through bearing located under it. Between capsule and support plate of linear section there is extension-type cap with hydraulic spin device inside which there is damping bed serving at the same time as extension element of linear section.

EFFECT: creation of stable operable support for extraction of thick steep beds under high rock pressure conditions.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the coal industry, in particular to the field of mechanized fastening of mine workings during the extraction of coal from POWERFUL and medium power steep seams.

The relevance of the invention:

“... the creation of effective means of mechanization for coal mining from steep seams is a very difficult scientific and design problem, not only in Russia but also abroad.

To date, no effective technology and safe technology for mining steep formations has been created. Therefore, in many coal-mining countries, such layers are not practiced, but preserved.

The problem of creating integrated mechanization tools for mining steep formations remains relevant for the Kuzbass ”(from documents of the Department of Coal Industry and Energy of the Kuzbass, 2008).

“The 21st century is the CENTURY OF COAL ENERGY,” said Leontyev A.I. That is why we - technori persistently invent means of mechanization in the conditions of a destroyed industry, the closure of mines and the absence of the Ministry of Coal Industry. We believe that destroyers will be replaced by rulers - creators.

Powerful steep formations are traditionally worked out by sub-floor drifts - 7.68%, sectionless elastic shields and sectional rigid shields - 50-60% of production.

For extraction of powerful and medium power steep formations in conditions where it is impossible to use development systems with collapse, 53% in permanent pillars, under development surfaces and in areas under fires, development systems are used with laying out the developed space with inclined layers [1, 2]. The load for slaughter in powerful steep formations does not exceed 9–11 thousand tons per month, the labor productivity of the worker is about 10 tons per shift (in the mining section), subsoil losses amount to 40–45% [3].

The reason for the low efficiency of systems is the lack of mechanization of the main technological processes.

One of the areas of mechanization of technological processes for the extraction of steep powerful formations is the creation of mechanized supports based on the experience of creating mechanized supports for steep formations of medium power.

The features of the development of thick strata with pillars along strike along the roof collapse are as follows. The amount of coal removed is multiplied. This means that the framing of the main roof is reduced, which leads to large hangs of the roof, rapid dynamic manifestation of rock pressure and increased loads on the roof support.

An increase in the height of the lining and its metal consumption leads to an increase in the overturning moment and the tendency of the lining to creep.

Of the mechanized supports proposed for the development of steep formations of medium power (class C1 patents: RU 2324820, RU 2357083, RU 2372483, RU 2398969, RU 2398970, RU 2403391, RU 2408786, RU 2411362, RU 2411363), the most acceptable as a prototype is lining (patent RU 2403391 C1).

Mechanized support for steep seams includes a base stand and linear sections. The base stav is divided into basic sections, each of which consists of a front and block walls with hydraulic pillars of a thrust and shanks connecting the front and block walls along the soil of the formation. Each linear section consists of a hydraulic stand with an upper and a base plate, which are mounted on movable supports attached to the capsule, and the bottom of the capsule is made with a thickening in the form of a shoe. The movable support consists of two lightweight disks, seated through bearings on an axis, between which there is a clamping bar with springs on top, which transfers forces to the same axis of the support through a bearing located under it.

Disadvantages: a long heavy hydrostatic strut mounted on the capsule will significantly reduce the stability of the lining. Increasing the height of the lining, it is necessary, if possible, to reduce the metal consumption of the lining. To do this, it is proposed to use a sliding hood over the capsule of the hardware compartment of the linear section, inside of which there is a shock-absorbing pillow, which at the same time serves as an element of the roof support sliding. As a spacer element, air bags installed on a base plate under the top can be used.

Powerful dynamic collapse of the main roof or pieces of rolling rock when it passes from the upper, previously worked out horizon, can jam the blockage wall with a fence. In order to preserve the expensive electronic equipment of the extraction organ for the physical destruction of coal (laser, ultrasound or a jet of high pressure water) located in the capsule of the hardware compartment, it is necessary to provide for the automatic detaching of the dam wall with a fence from the linear section. To do this, the shanks of the base section should not be connected to the blocking wall, and the hydraulic jacks for moving the blocking wall should have an automatic disconnect device.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of a stable and efficient mechanized lining for the development of steep formations with a capacity of up to 6 m long posts along strike along the collapse of the roof.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the wall with the fence is not connected by shanks to the base section, as is the case with the prototype, but has a kinematic connection with the linear section by means of a sliding beam with two hydraulic jacks that can automatically disconnect from the wall, and a jack for turning the beam mounted on the shoe of the linear section. At the same time, an organ row of light spillway hydraulic stands was installed on the blocking wall, which contributes to the “circumcision” of suspended rocks at the boundary of the bottomhole space of the lava.

This kinematic scheme allows you to move the lining in 3 stages: feed the base section to the face, then linear and separately move the blocking wall with a fence. When the jammed wall is jammed, it is disconnected from the linear wall and remains in the blockage, and the lining goes under the newly exposed roof, preserving the more important elements of the lining sections. Then, the blocking wall with the fence is mounted again and the lining works as usual.

All other elements of the proposed lining are identical to the lining-analogue.

The mechanisms of movement and lining correction are also preserved. Control electronics are also protected from vibration by coating the capsule body with a layer of porous rubber or polymer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the lining section, figure 2 is a view of the lining from above with a slice, figure 3 is a view of the lining side with a local cut, figure 4 is a view of the blocking wall with a side guard, in figure 2 .5 - view of the obstruction wall with a fence from above.

The linear section consists of air struts of a thrust 2 with an upper 1 and a base plate 3; strong capsule 4 with stiffeners, coated with rubber or polymer and having a thickening of its lower part in the form of a shoe 5.

Between the capsule 4 and the base plate 3 there is a sliding hood 24 with a hydraulic corkscrew 25, inside of which there is a pneumatic shock-absorbing pillow 26, which at the same time acts as a sliding element of the lining section.

Directly attached to the capsule 4 is a movable wheel support, which consists of the following elements: an arm 6 with a shock absorber 7, two lightweight disks 8 with bearings mounted on an axis 9. Between the disks 8, there is a pressure bar 10 with springs 11 on top, which transfers their efforts to that the axis 9 through the bearing 12 located under it. The movable support is installed on the shanks 13 of the special profile of the base section with the ability to move along them to the corner-limiters 15.

The base section consists of a front wall 14 and shanks 13, along which the linear section moves after it is unloaded. The front wall 14 of the base section is bursting into the roof with hydraulic pillars 16 through the upper 17.

The base and linear sections are interconnected by two hydraulic ram jacks 18, 19, as well as kinematically through a movable support (see figure 2).

The blocking wall 30, on which an organ row of light hydraulic stands 32 and a guard 33 is mounted, is kinematically connected to the capsule 4 of the linear section by means of a sliding beam 28, two hydraulic jacks of a sliding 27 with hydraulic grippers 31 and a jack for turning the beam 29.

Progress of work.

The extraction cycle begins with the destruction of coal in a physical way such as a laser, ultrasound or a jet of high pressure water. The mining control equipment is located in capsule 4. Coal is delivered by gravity along a lava at a steep fall.

As coal is mined, the base section with back-up (if stability of the side rocks allows) is supplied to the face by jacks 18, 19. At the same time, the shanks 13 freely slide under the movable supports of the linear section, and rock pressure is transmitted through elements 1, 2, 3, 24, 25 , 26, 4 to the shoe 5. Then the hydraulic struts of the base section 16 are bursting, and the air bags of the strut 2 of the linear section are unloaded. In this case, the shock absorbers 7 raise the linear section together with the shoe 5, transferring its weight to the movable supports, and the linear section is pulled by jacks 18, 19 to the front wall of the base section, almost moving along the shanks 13 of the base section. In order to eliminate the loss of stability of the linear section of the lining and its inclination in the direction of falling between the disks of the movable wheel supports, there is a clamping bar 10 with springs 11 on top, transmitting their forces to the axis 9 of the movable support through the bearing 12, which significantly reduces the friction force. The cushion cushion 26, for any formation hypsometry, constantly keeps the top in contact with the roof, acting as an extension element, as well as preventing the pieces of rock from falling out into the lava workspace. In a new place, the support latch is rigidly fixed with a hydraulic corkscrew 25, and the air bags 2 create the initial support latch. When the nominal resistance is reached, the air cushion compliance valves 2 are triggered, and when the cushions 2 are completely crushed, the lining must be supported by a hydraulic device 25 and a cushion pad 26, which protects the capsule of the hardware compartment 4 from damage during a sharp block collapse of the roof.

At the third stage of the movement, the hydraulic stands of the organ row 32 of the dam wall 30 with the guard 33 are unloaded, the wall is lifted by turning the sliding beam 28 with a hydraulic jack 29 mounted on the shoe 5 of the capsule of the casting section of section 4. Moving the dam wall 30 is carried out by two jacks 27 located on two sides of the sliding traverses 28. In case of jamming of the blocking fence 33 or landing of the blocking wall 32 “dry”, the hydraulic grippers 31 open and the lining section leaves under the freshly exposed roof, de Zavalnaya installed new wall with fencing and lining continues to operate normally.

This method of moving the lining is especially effective in weak soil prone to swelling. In this case, the filling and jamming of the movable supports does not occur. When pieces of rock fall, the wheel support easily crosses an obstacle, while the clamping bar 10 rises up, and then returns to its place with springs 11.

For the convenience of servicing the control equipment located in the capsule 4, a human walker 21 with an air duct 22 is laid along the front wall of the base section, which creates a blockage of clean air both inside the walker and inside the capsule 4 connected telescopically with a manhole 23 to the walker 21. dust in the working space of the lava is excluded.

If it is necessary to correct the support as a result of its sliding or changing the length of the lava due to kinks and fluctuations in the angle of incidence of the formation, the support structure allows moving sections along the uprising of the formation, alternately starting from the top.

The process begins with a short-term unloading of the air cushions 2 and the hydraulic struts 16 of the linear and base sections and their advance up the formation uprising with the help of hydraulic jacks 20, which rely on the downstream extended support section, while the blocking wall 30 is unloaded and lifted by the jack 29.

Then, all of the above spacer elements of the lining section are bursting in a new place.

A similar process is repeated with all sections from the top to the bottom of the lava. When changing the length of the lava, the reverse process is possible - lowering the lining sections, starting from the lowest.

The technical and economic benefits of the implementation of this invention are obvious: due to the lack of workable supports, huge coal reserves in steep seams are preserved.

Information sources:

1. Improving the development of coal seams of the Prokopyevsko-Kiselevsky field of the Kuzbass. Collection of works. Prokopyevsk, 1972.

2. Khorin V.N. Development of technology for underground mining of coal, potash and manganese ores. - M .: Nedra, 1985, p.148-167).

3. Orlov A.A. and others. Mounting and roof management in complex mechanized treatment faces. - M .: Nedra, 1993, p. 217-279.

4. Patent RU 2276729 C1, E21D 23/00, Bull. No. 14.

5. K.A. Ardashev, A.A. Perfilov (VNIMI) D.M. Dolinsky (Giprouglemash). Test results for the AK unit. M .: "Mining machines and automation", 3, 1972.

6. K.A. Ardashev, V.M.Shik, A.A. Perfilov. The study of interaction with the side rocks and the controllability of the AK unit on a steep formation Leningrad Proceedings of VNIMI, sb. 85, 1972.

Claims (3)

1. Mechanized lining for steep seams, including a base stand divided into base sections, each of which consists of a front and block walls with hydraulic struts of a spacer and shanks, linear sections, each of which consists of a spacer element and a sliding element with an upper and a base plate, which are attached to the capsule on movable supports consisting of two lightweight disks, characterized in that between the base plate and the capsule is a sliding hood with a hydraulic corkscrew device, inside of which ditsya pneumatic cushioning pad, which is both a sliding element. 2. Mechanized roof support according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocking wall includes an organ row of hydraulic struts of the strut and is kinematically connected to the linear section by means of a movable beam, jacks for moving and a jack for turning the beam located on the shoe of the linear section. 3. Mechanized lining according to claim 2, characterized in that the jacks of the slide are connected to the blocking wall by means of hydraulic grippers with the possibility of disconnecting when it is jammed.

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