RU2446672C1 - Bioenergy complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and energetics, and is intended for obtaining livestock products, fish, poultry, biocompost, concentrated soil solution, worms, charcoal and heat energy. Bioenergy complex comprises isolated from the environment units of animal management, vermicultivation with the poultry zone, fish farming and growing plants. In addition, the complex contains a unit of pyrolysis processes. All units are located on the slope of angle of 15°-35° to the horizon line. The upper unit is a unit of animal management, behind it there is a unit of vermicultivation. Further on the slope there is a unit of fish farming, a unit plants growing and a unit of pyrolysis processes. In all units the temperature is maintained of 20° C to 24° C. They are connected by channels of water and gas exchange (12).

EFFECT: complex, the most efficient cultivation of animal and plant products with increase of their productivity by 25-35% with minimum energy consumption.

7 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and energy and is intended to produce livestock products, fish, poultry, vermicompost, concentrated soil solution, worm, charcoal and thermal energy.

The bioenergy complex (BEC) is known, which is a converter and a solar energy concentrator, in which a reactor for biomass production is located, connected on one side with a saturator, and on the other, with a mixture separator for biomass and water, then the biomass is fed to a methane production generator ( see RF patent No. 2234644). The invention provides for the production of energy (hydrogen) and the disposal of carbon dioxide (RF patent No. 2234644).

Also known closest to the claimed biocomplex (RF patent No. 2184440), selected as a prototype. The biocomplex includes a cold and hot water supply system, ventilation with automatic control units and a reservoir. The beds located on the load-bearing beams above the pond, made in the form of rising terraces and forming isolated compartments in a single thermal volume on top for growing certain plants with the corresponding microclimate. Compartments for the poultry house and other needs are arranged along the lateral and internal cavities of the beds, and biohumus cultivators are arranged below the sides of the reservoir. The walls of the beds have reflectors.

The disadvantage of the biocomplex according to patent No. 2184440 is the location below the sides of the reservoir, in the recesses, of the cultivators of vermicompost, which prevents the movement of carbon dioxide to plants, as they are located above the reservoirs in a single heat volume with the corresponding microclimate and therefore increase energy consumption.

The technical task of the claimed invention is a comprehensive, most effective growing of animal and plant products with an increase in its productivity by 25-35% with minimal energy consumption.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the bioenergy complex, which includes blocks for keeping animals, vermicultivation with a zone for poultry breeding, fish breeding and plant vegetation, additionally contains a pyrolysis process unit and all units in the biocomplex are located on a slope at an angle of 15 ° -35 ° to the horizon in the following sequence: the top block is the block for keeping animals, behind it there is a block for vermicultivation, then on the slope - the block for growing fish, a plant vegetation block and a block of pyrolysis processes, while in all blocks the temperature is maintained from 20 ° C to 24 ° C and they are interconnected by water and gas exchange channels.

The blocks for growing fish, growing plants and pyrolysis processes are equipped with thermal vacuum pipes, where the pressure is 80-90 mm / Hg.

The animal keeping unit is equipped with thermal vacuum tubes, where the pressure is 80-90 mm / Hg, with one of the ends of the pipe buried in the ground and the other end located in the room of the unit.

In the fish breeding unit, an surface plant, eichhornia, is used. The vermicultivation unit contains inclined trays.

All blocks have inclined single-pitched transparent roofs on which solar collectors are located.

The walls and foundation of all blocks are made of heat-sensitive material, and the walls on the outside are additionally finished with heat-insulating material.

The proposed biocomplex is simpler, but effective for the complex processing of manure (litter) with the absorption of carbon dioxide in the fish and vegetarian growing unit, with maximum use of thermal energy in all units of the complex and minimal energy costs.

The formula for burning manure is C + O ₂ = CO ₂ + Q (where Q is the thermal energy equal to 2800 kJ / kg). As a result of experimental data, it was found that the angle of 15 ° ÷ 35 ° provides minimal reflection and the most efficient accumulation of solar energy even when the sun is low (spring, autumn, winter, morning and evening), and the lower the sun, the stronger the effect, and also inclined position biocomplex design angle of 15 ° -35 ° allows for movement relatively warm gas CO ₂ (12) in the lower blocks, as a specific gravity of carbon dioxide of 44 g / mol is greater than a specific gravity of air of 29 g / mol. Even if the temperature in the upper two blocks is 10 ° C higher than in the lower blocks, such mass movement will be carried out. Warm carbon dioxide provides plants with heat and a “building material” for green mass.

The angle of inclination of such a design helps to mechanize the production of biohumus, which moves to the lower volumes of the trays while the worm moves to their upper volumes, and also allows you to return gravitational water back to the volumes of the trays.

Inclined transparent roofs, under which the solar collectors are located, make it possible to use solar energy as efficiently as possible.

An additionally introduced pyrolysis process unit located at the very bottom of the slope is equipped with a furnace designed for pyrolysis and drying of wood. In summer, the unit is a drying chamber and an additional energy accumulator to maintain a constant temperature. Also in the block are vacuum heat pipes.

In Fig 1. shows a biocomplex in section along the axis of the main view. Figure 2 shows a cross section aa of the department of vermicultivation.

The biocomplex includes a greenhouse frame, the foundation of which is made of heat-resistant foam concrete 1, the roof is made of transparent material 2, solar collectors 3, capacity 4, inclined trays 5 containing biohumus and concentrated soil solution 6, a tank of water 7 for fish farming are located under the roof on the surface of which there is a plant - Eichornia 8, the walls of the beds 9 made of heat-absorbing material, ventilation ducts 10, a furnace designed for pyrolysis and drying of wood 11, the direction of flow of carbon dioxide CO ₂ to the lower blocks through the gas exchange channels 12, air masses 13 entering the upper blocks, vacuum pipes 14.

The work of the biocomplex is as follows.

BEC (figure 1) consists of five blocks: block keeping animals and birds; vermicultivation unit; fish breeding unit; plant vegetation block; block pyrolysis processes.

All blocks are interconnected and located in a certain functional sequence on a slope (preferably south) at an angle of 15 ° -35 ° to the horizon, and the angle of inclination is selected depending on the latitude of the terrain.

The location of the complex on the southern slope makes it possible to maximize the use of solar energy.

All blocks are made of heat-resistant foam material (1), and on the outside they are additionally finished with heat-insulating transparent material (glass or cellular polycarbonate). The roofs of the blocks are inclined and transparent made of glass or cellular polycarbonate. Underneath are solar collectors (3) for collecting solar energy in volumes of water (4).

The animal and poultry keeping unit is located in the very upper part of the complex, which allows for good access to food and, at the same time, waste products immediately enter the upper zones of the trays of the vermicultivation unit.

The vermicultivation block (Fig. 2) is directly connected to the upper block, from where the manure (litter) falls into the trays (5), where it is first processed with solutions with microorganisms and bacteria and then moves down the slope. In the lower part of the trays, heat treatment and biohumus spillage occurs. At the exit from the vermicultivation unit, biohumus is obtained (6), as well as a concentrated soil solution (CRC), in which all the worm's vital products are in dissolved form. CRC and biohumus can be used both inside BEC and in the form of finished commercial products. The inclined position of the trays (5) also allows you to optimize energy exchange, water exchange and gas exchange. In this case, relatively warm CO ₂ enters through the gas exchange channels into the blocks located in the lower part of the complex, where it is absorbed by plants, supporting their vital activity. The fish breeding unit has a container of water (7), on the surface of which an eichornia plant is placed - water hyacinth (8), with the aim of treating the water biologically with conventional cleaning methods, such as filters and airlifts. Commercial products are both fish and the plant itself. Water from the filters enters the vermicultivation unit and the plant vegetation unit. Water temperature is maintained in the range: + 20 + 25 ° C for normal life of plants and fish. It is possible to feed the fish with a worm from a vermicultivation unit and greens from a plant vegetation block.

The vegetation block has beds in the form of terraces located on an inclined plane. The walls of the beds (9) are made of heat-consuming material, which allows additional storage of solar energy. Ventch chambers are located in the soil (10), through which warm air enters the internal volumes of the unit to maintain the necessary humidity and temperature, as well as to transfer heat of the pyrolysis processes to the soil volumes.

The pyrolysis process unit is located in the lowest part of the complex. It is equipped with a furnace (11) designed for pyrolysis and drying of wood. In the process of burning without access to air (without flame) charcoal is formed, which can be used both inside the unit and in the form of commercial products.

In order to maintain optimal temperatures for the life of animals and plants (+ 20 + 25 ° C), vacuum tubes are used in the blocks (14), where the pressure is 83 mm / Hg. At this temperature and pressure, a process of internal boiling occurs with the transfer of thermal energy from the block of pyrolysis processes to the blocks of vegetation, fish rearing, vermiculture and keeping animals. These same pipes deliver relatively low temperatures in summer from the ground to the rooms of the blocks. Warm air masses (13) enter the upper blocks. In summer, the unit is a drying chamber and an additional energy accumulator to maintain a constant temperature. All blocks are additionally finished on the outside with transparent heat-resistant materials.

The biocomplex of the proposed design, located at an angle of 15 ° -35 °, allows, due to the maximum use of solar energy, warm carbon dioxide СО ₂ , the introduction of a pyrolysis process unit and vacuum heat pipes, to maintain the temperature in the biocomplex at + 20 + 25 ° С , which leads to the effective cultivation of plants and animals with an increase in productivity by 25-35% with minimal energy consumption.

Claims (7)

1. Bioenergy complex, including blocks for keeping animals, vermicultivation with a zone for poultry breeding, fish farming and plant vegetation, isolated from the external environment, characterized in that the complex additionally contains a block of pyrolysis processes, and all blocks in the complex are located on a slope at an angle of 15-35 ° to the horizon line in the following sequence: the top block is the block for keeping animals, followed by the block of vermiculture, then down the slope - the block for growing fish, the block for vegetation of plants and pyrolysis process unit, wherein all units maintained at a temperature of from 20 to 24 ° C, and they are interconnected by a water- and gas exchange channels. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks for growing fish, growing plants and pyrolysis processes are equipped with thermal vacuum pipes, where the pressure is 80-90 mm Hg 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the animal keeping unit is equipped with heat vacuum tubes, where the pressure is 80-90 mm Hg, with one of the ends of the pipe buried in the ground and the other end located in the room of the unit. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that in the unit for breeding fish use an surface plant - eichhornia. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the vermicultivation unit contains inclined trays. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that all the blocks have inclined single-pitched transparent roofs, on which solar collectors are located. 7. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls and the foundation of the blocks are made of heat-sensitive material, and the walls on the outside are additionally finished with heat-insulating material.

Images