CN1171190A - Ecological greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

An ecological greenhouse belonging to ecological agricultural field is composed of various rooms respectively used for culturing crops, raising domestic animals and poultry, cultivating aquatic products, breeding earthworm and maggot, automatic regulation and control, workers living room, utilization of energy, seed propagating, storage and processing, and features no need of ploughing, land and weeding, high utilization rate of farmland (more than 100%), no problem of directly using the excrement and urine as feed or fertilizer, which does not benefit the growth and development of organisms, and high yield of vegetolles and fruits and output of eggs and aquatic products.

Description

Ecological greenhouse

The present invention is the technology and the content of utilization field of ecological agricultural, the new product that provides for the glass greenhouse manufacturing industry.

The present invention is different from " imitative natural environment animal and plant growth ground "---the totally-enclosed feature of " Biosphere II " that late nineteen eighties U.S. scientist sets up.But the combination and the improvement of the ecological residence in China Patent No. 93237565.0 and Yongkang, Zhejiang Province county.

The shortcoming of ecological residence is: plantation, the area ratio imbalance of culturing, process, living wherein also lack the high fish of feed conversion rate.Animal and plant is not or not same space, and the vegetable garden on roof does not have booth thermal insulation, make winter plant to the demand of rich water seldom, make most of slag liquid behind the biogas without the increasing benefit loop, addedlink loop, gaining loop utilization, will export beyond the ecological residence.It is not greenhouse but dwelling house in a word.The patent No. 93237565.0 is a kind of biological cycle energy of the sun greenhouse structures, and shortcoming is: land utilization rate only is 76.4%; The plant cup need be turned over and weeding; Though the chicken manure of chamber is blocked by cover plate behind the animal, directly do not fall into the fishpond, but in the handling problem that chicken manure is not described, just be used as the bait of greenhouse aquaculture pond, not with directly to fall into the pond similar, make anoxic in water quality fouling, the water, management difficulty increasing easily, directly influence the output or the economic benefit of aquaculture.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to address the above problem, and need not turn over and weeding; The cultivated land utilization rate is surpassed 100%; When the natural pond slag is cultivated the earthworm maggot and made bait, solved the livestock and poultry manure and directly made feed or fertilizer the disadvantageous problem of biological growth and development.Also strive realizing the green vegetation maximum, biological yield is the highest, using energy source is the most reasonable, ecotope is best, economic benefit preferably waits target.Concrete technical scheme is described as follows:

The present invention is the same with all system agricultural industries, be solar energy and additional can fixing with transform the place, be according to the biological property of biology with to the requirement of environmental condition, and exist complicated mutualism relation between the biology, in conjunction with other subject design.Wherein mainly show biological and abiotic environment aspect.Because plant needs directly the radiation from the sun, thus chamber under the cultivation in chamber and south in the northern cultivation, whole light-receiving areas above covering.People livestock and poultry, aquatic products be arranged in light from around the middle and bottom layers that enters of window.Educating maggot chamber is half darkroom at bottom.The earthworm that keeps in dark place is grown in the crop genetics matrix, except that the cauline leaf shading, also is stamped reflector here.By day from the heat in the solar radiation inlet chamber, most of by crop and member absorb, wherein a part is to the Chi Shui conduction, Chi Shui heated up and accumulate in the pool water within.Night, solar radiation disappeared, indoor heat to outdoor lost in, can be from Chi Shui and its feeding chamber to cultivating the chamber release heat, this part heat has guaranteed that the normal growth of earthworm and crop grows temperature required.It mainly is the summer vegetable kind that the greenhouse is cultivated, and suitable ground temperature is 20～23 ℃.This temperature range is the optimum temperature that earthworm requires native location, also is the growth comfort zone of aquaculture, and Chi Shui enters in the drip irrigation mode and cultivates matrix, makes substrate temperature basicly stable.Since air be from bottom to the upper strata stream of opposing, so livestock and poultry room temperature 20 positive and negative 5 ℃ just in time with cultivate the chamber temperature 22 positive and negative 7 ℃ adapt.Seed sprouting, fry hatching, poultry brood, and the temperature of biogas generating pit normal temperature fermentation is close, all about 28 ℃, can be combined in a temperature adjustment zone to these chambers when arranging.The biogas bacterium is adapted at acid-base value and is growth and breeding in the neutral environment, and earthworm maggot and vegetables adaptation are grown in the matrix of neutral meta-acid, has only the neutral alkali partially of aquaculture pond water requirement.But the amplitude of meta-acid or inclined to one side alkali is little to mutualism influence between the biology between 6-8.The C/N ratio of biogas generating pit fermentation raw material requires at 20: 1～30: 1, and like this, C/N ratio one ship was the agreeable to the taste composts or fertilisers of cultivating of earthworm maggot between 10: 1～25: 1 in the natural pond slag of normal temperature fermentation, also is fit to the requirement of crops to organic manure.Spray natural pond liquid on the crop effect that suppresses damage by disease and insect such as aphid is arranged.

Seat of the present invention Northern Dynasties south, thing extend.Length is advisable with about 40 meters, and span is equipped with 7 meters left and right sides ridge height with about 8 meters, can guarantee indoor have bigger biological growth and the required space of job management.And to the design in greenhouse, draw materials and construction brings a lot of convenience.The big I at roofing angle deducts declination with geographic latitude and deducts 40 degree again as design parameter.Middle and bottom layers can be divided in the chamber between the north, is built into brick, stone, cement, is equipped with door window frame.From arrangement be substantially to the east of the west: bedroom, study, dining room, kitchen, stair, toilet, grow seedlings between, support fly chamber, biogas generating pit, several its feeding chambers and educate maggot chamber, storeroom, add break, control room, power distribution station etc.These chambers should can increase as required can be exempted from, can gang up, can merge.Each aspect is preferably used the cast-in-place plane of material combinations such as reinforcing bar, cement, sandstone, also can be prefabricated component.To carrying out soil-less cultivation, also need carry out fluid groove.Several aquaculture ponds preferably are arranged in southern bottom, and the pond is garden shape or approximate garden shape.About 4 meters of diameters, about 1 meter of the retaining degree of depth.Be shallow taper at the bottom of the pond, the center lowest part has individual discharge outlet, and drainpipe is overhanging to the neighboring at the bottom of the pond, uses the upright outlet pipe close with depth of water of threaded bend pipe joint again.Like this, when Chi Shui will reduce water level, only need upright outlet pipe is pushed over to a certain degree, promptly drain Chi Shui to setting level.The sewage in several ponds focuses on a lowest part, is delivered to by lift pump and cultivates matrix.South in the pond, promptly a row is installed highly is ventilating glass window about 1 meter for horizontal plane and cultivate between layer bottom surface.Also have one run through be equipped with in the middle of its of thing a few fan isolating doors, can close envelope, walkway that can ventilate again, that have passive type solar energy greenhouse function.It can be regulated and control the temperature of all chambers, also can separate the air-flow of personnel residential area and its feeding district and other chamber.In addition, gauze is installed, is entered the greenhouse damage to crops, disturb the normal life of people livestock and poultry, also can stop the gain insect of honeybee and so on to escape to fly to prevent large-scale insect in the ventilation that door and window is arranged.The sunshade net that use summer preferably covers on the outdoor glass roofing, and cooling-down effect is just more obvious.The vent window that reaches the roof all around can be by manually opening or closing in conjunction with automation.Can use hyundai electronics display system Centralized Monitoring to water temperature, room temperature.Lift pump, aerating machine etc. have intermittently electrical equipment control of self-timing.

It is reasonable that the present invention has more food chain structure than ecological residence and the patent No. 93237565.0, advantages such as anti-harsh weather ability is strong, and improving agricultural product quality, improving agricultural output, save material, save the energy, economize the ground water-saving, reduce cost, raise labour productivity, improve working conditions, aspects such as control environmental pollution play good effect.

Fig. 1 is the elevational schematic view of dissecing that the present invention is arranged in Fig. 2 A-A; Fig. 2 is the section plane schematic diagram that the present invention is arranged in Fig. 1 B-B.In Fig. 1, glass roofing 1 is formed roofing angle 10 with the horizon, cultivates high level 2 and cultivates low layer 3, is divided into two by glass every face 6 and cultivates the chamber.After the big chamber of another body of wall composition of north body of wall 4 and centre is divided into middle and bottom layers by floor 9, form numerous little chambers.In the south of go-between's row of channels is glass face 7.Nanjing University's beam stanchion 5 and middle another pillar are between pond 8.

The best embodiment of the present invention is: form enterprise by the inventor and make this product.Be equipped with three-person household during use, wherein must have one to have certain schooling and practical experience, can grasp the keeper of multiple technical ability.To drop into 1.5 kilograms of left and right sides grains and the 23 kilograms of left and right sides feeds every day and 1 ton of left and right sides water purification calculates, when satisfy the three-person household food every day, can also gather in the crops 15 kilograms of left and right sides melon and fruit dishes, 7 kilograms of left and right sides livestock and poultry meat or egg and 10 kilograms of first-class aquatic products in the left and right sides.Wherein aquatic products are to utilize the livestock and poultry manure to make 1 cubic metre of left and right sides biogas in conjunction with old complicated and confused leaf, be used to cook, heat up water and after other heats, with the fly maggot that the natural pond slag is cultivated, add that the residue of educating behind the maggot makes bait through replenishing the earthworm of being cultivated behind the liquid of natural pond, be converted into aquatic products indirectly.And, set up the technical training base with this example, by the technical transform of technical market, realize promoting the present invention's purpose.

Claims (3)

1, ecological greenhouse is characterized in that it is by having crop genetics, its feeding, aquaculture, supporting many multi-chamber that earthworm educates functions such as maggot, auto-control, personnel's inhabitation, using energy source, seed breeding and storage processing and form.

2, press claim, described ecological greenhouse is characterized in that crop genetics has chamber under the cultivation of chamber and south in the northern cultivation, and covers other whole light-receiving areas above many multi-chamber, also cultivates earthworm in crop genetics matrix.

3, press claim 1 described ecological greenhouse, it is characterized in that using energy source, not still the producing and utilizing of biogas, also have one run through thing, a few fan isolating doors are housed in the middle of it, can close envelope, can ventilate again, have the walkway of passive type solar energy greenhouse function.

Images