RU2785666C1 - The system of inclined beds for plant growing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing.

SUBSTANCE: The invention relates to the plant growing and can be used in the cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops and other plants. The system contains beds that have the same angle of inclination to the south, and there are passages between the beds. The beds are made increasing from south to north in height. The system of beds has a configuration consisting of one transversely inclined bed oriented in length from east to west, and adjacent longitudinally inclined beds of two or more, identical in geometric parameters, oriented in length from south to north. The height of the wall of a transversely inclined bed and the height of the walls of longitudinally inclined beds in the place of attachment are equal. Longitudinally inclined beds are adjacent to a transversely inclined bed at right angles, and the walls of the beds are reinforced with sides.

EFFECT: The system enables to increase the level of insolation of beds, expand the operational capabilities of the system of inclined beds, increase the convenience of their formation and maintenance, an increase in the useful area occupied by beds for crop production.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs.

The invention relates to the field of crop production and can be used in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables and other plants.

The level of technology.

From the prior art, a technical solution is known that is closest to the claimed technical solution, described in the book "The most useful handbook for a gardener and gardener" / P.F. Trannua - "Eksmo", 2016 html), which provides a description of triangular beds (different from the traditional types of rectangular beds), which have a slight slope of 15% towards the sun, which allows such beds to receive additional solar heat by reducing reflection and provides good warming of the earth, the height of the beds is 15-20 cm, the width is 70-100 cm, the aisles (passages) are extremely narrow, have a horizontal surface. Common features coinciding with the essential features of the claimed invention are: beds not with a rectangular cross section, having an inclination towards the sun, the height of the beds is from 15-20 cm, there are passages between the beds.

The technical problem, which could not be solved using the closest analogue of the invention, is the lack of solar energy required to warm the soil and grow plants (especially in not the warmest season), because. the beds offered in the closest analogue (the system of beds) have the same height and a slight slope towards the sun, such a system of beds cannot fully imitate the natural southern slope. With almost the same height of sloping beds, it is impossible to achieve the maximum greater use of solar energy. In addition, the aisles in the above analogue are proposed to be made extremely narrow, and the beds to be formed in order to reduce the amount of work to remove weeds in the aisles, which significantly reduces the ease of maintenance of the beds and plants growing on them. The beds have a triangular cross-section, do not have sides, the shape of the beds is easy to break, being in the inter-ridges when weeding plants.

The technical result provided by the invention is to increase the level of insolation of the beds, expand the operational capabilities of the system of inclined beds, increase the convenience in their formation and maintenance, increase the usable area occupied by the beds for plant growing, which is achieved by implementing a system of inclined beds for plant growing, containing beds having the same angle of inclination to the south; between the beds are passages; the beds are made increasing from south to north in height; the system of beds has a configuration, which includes one transversely inclined bed, oriented along the length from east to west, and two or more longitudinally inclined beds adjacent to it, identical in geometrical parameters, oriented along the length from south to north; the height of the wall of the transversely inclined beds and the height of the walls of the longitudinally inclined beds at the point of contact are equal; longitudinally inclined beds are adjacent to the transversely inclined beds at a right angle, and the walls of the beds are reinforced with sides.

An increase in the usable area occupied by beds for crop production is ensured by:

- the configuration of the bed system, which includes one transversely inclined bed and several longitudinally inclined beds, identical in geometrical parameters, adjacent to it at right angles. With such a mutual arrangement of the beds in the proposed system of beds, the size of the total usable area occupied by all the beds on a land plot with a certain area size will be greater than with the arrangement of several inclined beds arranged in parallel rows.

So, for example, on a plot 4 m long and 2 m wide, taking into account the minimum size of passages between the beds of 0.5 m, it is optimal to place:

- or beds having a configuration that includes one transversely inclined bed 0.5 m wide and 4 m long and three longitudinally inclined beds adjacent to it at right angles 1 m wide and 1.5 m long with passages between them of 0 .5 m, occupying a total area of 6.5 square meters. m.

- or two inclined beds arranged in parallel rows 0.5 m wide and 4 m long with two passages of 0.5 m each, occupying a total area of 4 square meters. m, or two inclined beds located in parallel rows, one of which is 0.5 m wide and 4 m long, and the other is 1 m wide and 4 m long with one passage of 0.5 m, occupying a total area of 6 square meters. m.

The above example proves that when using the configuration of the beds proposed by the invention, the usable area occupied by the beds for crop production increases.

Increasing the level of insolation of the beds is provided by:

- by making beds that increase in height from south to north, creating a full-fledged imitation of a natural slope, the beds and plants receive equally sunlight, and, in general, more solar energy.

The expansion of the operational capabilities of the system of inclined beds is provided by:

- the presence of a configuration, which includes one transversely inclined bed, oriented along the length from east to west, and several longitudinally inclined beds, identical in geometrical parameters, oriented along the length from south to north, adjacent to it at right angles, and the height of the wall of the transversely inclined beds and the height of the walls of the longitudinally inclined beds at the point of contact are equal, which allows you to form a system of beds regardless of the relative position of the beds, the longitudinally inclined beds can adjoin the transversely inclined beds, both from the north and from the south side, with maintaining the same level of insolation and ease of maintenance,

- the possibility, when using the proposed system of beds in greenhouses and vegetations, to have only one through, longitudinal passage in them, regardless of the width of these structures, which facilitates the creation of separate zones for plants in them that require different climatic conditions, by installing transverse partitions with only one door in such a through passage. Thus, the proposed system of sloping beds, which imitates the natural southern slope, can be used in any area in order to obtain the most effective insolation. Increasing convenience in the formation and maintenance of inclined beds is provided by:

- the presence of boards that strengthen the walls of the beds, which fix the shape of the side walls of the beds during their formation, and also prevent the possible violation of the shape of the beds during their maintenance,

- the ability to choose the optimal width of the aisles, convenient for servicing the beds and the fact that the aisles, unlike inclined beds, are horizontal,

- the possibility, with the proposed configuration of the beds, to conveniently serve any place on each of the beds.

Brief description of the drawings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a view of a fragment of a system of inclined beds from above, in Fig. 2 shows a side sectional view of the system of sloping beds in the vegetation (the transversely sloping bed is located on the south side), in Fig. Figure 3 shows a side sectional view of the system of sloping beds (the transversely sloping bed is located on the north side) in a typical greenhouse for household and country farming.

The positions in the figures are:

1 - longitudinally inclined beds,

2 - transversely inclined bed,

3 - passages between longitudinally inclined beds,

4 - the southern wall of the transversely inclined beds,

5 - the northern wall of the transversely inclined beds,

6 - southern walls of longitudinally inclined beds,

7 - northern walls of longitudinally inclined beds,

8 - passage located along the northern walls of the longitudinally inclined beds (with the location of the transversely inclined beds on the south side),

9 - a passage located along the southern walls of the longitudinally inclined beds (with the location of the transversely inclined beds on the north side).

10 - vegetarian,

11 - a greenhouse for household and country farms.

Implementation of the invention.

The system of sloping beds for crop production has a configuration that contains longitudinally sloping beds 1, oriented along the length from south to north, increasing from south to north in height, and one transversely sloping bed 2, oriented along the length from east to west, while, longitudinally sloping beds closely at right angles adjacent to the transversely sloping beds. Longitudinally inclined beds have the same geometric parameters, namely, the length, the height of the southern wall, the height of the northern wall. The height of the wall of the transversely inclined beds and the height of the walls of the longitudinally inclined beds at the point of contact are equal.

Each of the beds has an angle of inclination to the south, which is selected depending on the geographic latitude of the area when the upper limit of the angle value of 40 degrees is reached, above which maintenance of the sloping beds is difficult.

Between the longitudinally inclined beds there are passages, which, unlike the beds, are not inclined, but horizontal, which is convenient for operation.

The configuration of the beds involves different types of mutual arrangement of the beds:

a) the transversely inclined bed 2 is located on the south side with respect to the longitudinally inclined beds 1, while the transversely inclined bed is the lowest of all the beds, the height of its southern wall 4 is the smallest. The passage 8 is located along the northern walls of the longitudinally inclined beds 1. In the place where the beds adjoin, the height of the northern wall 5 of the transversely inclined beds 2 is equal to the height of the southern walls 6 (of the same height) of the longitudinally inclined beds 1.

The northern wall 5 of the transversely inclined beds 2 has a height h, calculated in accordance with the mathematical formula:

h=h ₁ +tgα×B, where

h - the height of the northern wall 5 of the transversely inclined beds 2,

h ₁ - the height of the southern wall 4 of the transversely inclined beds 2,

α - the selected angle of inclination of the beds to the sun,

B - the selected width of the transversely inclined beds.

The northern walls of 7 longitudinally inclined beds 1 have a height H, calculated in accordance with the mathematical formula:

H=h+tgα×A, where

H - the height of the northern walls of 7 longitudinally inclined beds 1,

h - the height of the northern wall 5 of the transversely inclined beds 2, equal to the height of the southern walls 6 of the longitudinally inclined beds 1,

α - the selected angle of inclination of the beds to the sun,

A - the selected length of the longitudinally inclined beds.

b) the transversely inclined bed 2 is located on the north side with respect to the longitudinally inclined beds), while the longitudinally inclined beds 1 have southern walls 6 equal in height, having the lowest value compared to the height of the southern wall 4 transversely inclined beds 2. The passage 9 is located along the southern walls of the longitudinally inclined beds 1. In the place where the beds adjoin, the height of the northern walls 7 (of the same height) of the longitudinally inclined beds 1 is equal to the height of the southern wall 4 of the transversely inclined beds 2.

The northern walls of 7 longitudinally inclined beds 1 have a height h, calculated in accordance with the mathematical formula:

h \u003d h ₁ + tgα × A, where

h - the height of the northern walls of 7 longitudinally inclined beds 1,

h ₁ - the height of the southern walls of 4 longitudinally inclined beds 1,

α - the selected angle of inclination of the beds to the sun,

A - the selected length of the longitudinally inclined beds 1.

The northern wall 5 of the transversely inclined beds 2 has a height H, calculated in accordance with the mathematical formula:

H=h+tgα×B, where

H - the height of the northern wall 5 of the transversely inclined beds 2,

h - the height of the northern walls of 7 longitudinally inclined beds 1, equal to the height of the southern wall 4 of the transversely inclined beds 2,

α - the selected angle of inclination of the beds to the sun,

B - the selected width of the transversely inclined beds.

The need for the implementation of one or another type of mutual arrangement of beds depends on various factors. For example, when using the proposed system of beds in a greenhouse oriented along the length from east to west, its southern part can be shaded from the rays of the sun if, for example, the greenhouse is buried, it has a high foundation, etc. In this case, to achieve high yields or for other reasons, a system of longitudinally inclined and transversely inclined beds can be used, which includes one transversely inclined bed located along the entire length of the greenhouse on its northern side and combining a number of longitudinally inclined, located across the greenhouse.

The proposed system of inclined beds for crop production can be used both for growing plants on open ground and in greenhouses of various types 10 (vegetarian), 11 (greenhouse for household and summer cottages).

The walls of the beds are reinforced with boards.

The system of inclined beds for crop production can be formed as follows.

In the absence of a southern slope that meets the requirements on the ground and in order to avoid the formation of an expensive artificial bulk slope (especially for a vegetarian), which requires a large amount of excavation, use the proposed system of inclined beds on a horizontal site with the height of the beds increasing from south to north to simulate the required southern slope , providing equal sunlight to all beds.

When forming the proposed system of inclined beds, the height of the northern wall of the highest bed is of great importance, because this parameter determines the volume of earthworks in the formation of beds and the degree of convenience in maintaining the beds.

The angle of inclination of the beds to the south is chosen depending on the geographic latitude of the area, the higher the geographic latitude, the more it is recommended to make a slope, the more northerly the area, the more important the slope of the soil, when choosing the angle of inclination, it is also necessary to take into account the dependence of the amount of absorbed solar energy on the position of the sun during days in different months of the year, because the amount of energy falling per unit area per unit time depends on many factors, incl. on the geographical latitude of the area and on the angle of inclination of the surface on which the radiation falls, with respect to the sun. Deviation of the angle of incidence of the sun's rays on the receiving surface of the earth from 90° leads to a decrease in the amount of energy per unit area. Choosing the angle of inclination of the beds depending on the geographical latitude of the area, i.e. depending on the angle of incidence of sunlight in a given area, it is possible thereby to increase the level of absorption of sunlight by the soil, the higher the geographical latitude, the greater the value of the angle of inclination of the beds. But at the same time, with an increase in the angle of inclination above 40 degrees, difficulties may arise in maintaining the system of inclined beds, problems appear with certain types of irrigation, preference may be given to drip irrigation with droppers stuck into the soil near the plant stem. Considering all factors, the most optimal values for the angle of inclination of the beds are in the range from 5 to 20 degrees, which is stated by various experts in the field of crop production, who have studied the issue of choosing the optimal angle of inclination of the beds and have proved this statement with their experiments (see https://vsaduidoma.com /2017/08/17/naklonnaya-teplaya-gryadka-svoimi-rukami-shema-i-konstrukciya/; https://gubernia.media/number_36/20.php and others). The procedure for the formation of a system of inclined beds for crop production is the same, both when growing plants on open ground, and when growing plants in greenhouses of different types 10, 11.

As an example, in the description of the invention in FIG. 1, fig. 2 shows the procedure for the formation of a system of inclined beds in the greenhouse of a vegetarian 10 on a horizontal surface oriented to the south, containing longitudinally inclined beds 1 and a transversely inclined bed 2 with passages between the beds 3 and a longitudinal (through) passage 8, a transversely inclined bed 2 in The proposed system of beds is located on the south side.

In this case, the angle of inclination of the beds a is chosen to be 12 degrees, and the height of the southern wall 4 of the transversely inclined beds h ₁ is equal to 0.05 m, while the width B of this bed 2 is chosen to be 0.5 m to provide convenient access to any its point from the passages 3. In this example, the length of all longitudinally inclined beds A is chosen to be the same, equal to 3 m, and their width is equal to 1 meter, which is convenient for working on this bed with plants from different inter-bed passages 3. The selected width of the passages 3 and 5 is 0.5 m. According to the angle of inclination α, the southern height h _{1 of} the transversely inclined beds 2 and the value of the width of this bed B, the height of the northern side of the transversely inclined beds is determined in accordance with the mathematical formula h=h ₁ +tgα×B. The height of the northern wall of the transversely inclined bed h with the selected initial values h ₁ , α, B will be 0.16 m.

Also, according to the angle of inclination α, the height of the southern walls of 6 longitudinally inclined beds 1, equal to the height of the northern wall 5 of the transversely inclined beds h and the value of the length of the longitudinally inclined beds A, determine the height of the northern walls of 7 longitudinally inclined beds H in accordance with the mathematical formula H=h+tgα×A. The height of the northern walls of 7 longitudinally inclined beds H with the selected initial values of h, α, A will be 0.79 m, which is acceptable for the height of modern "high" beds. When using this system of beds (transversely sloping bed 2 is located on the south side) in a greenhouse of a smaller size (width), typical for household plots, when the length of all longitudinally sloping beds A can be reduced, for example, to 1.5 m, with such the same values of the angle of inclination of the beds α (12 degrees), the height of the southern wall 4 of the transversely inclined beds h ₁ (0.05 m) and its width B (0.5 m), the maximum height of the walls (northern walls 7) of longitudinally inclined beds H is reduced to 0.48 m.

The proposed system of beds allows you to select the desired size of the height of the northern walls of the longitudinally inclined beds, changing the pre-selected initial values of the parameters of the beds (especially the angle of inclination) used in the mathematical formulas used for the calculation.

The system of inclined beds can contain a different number of longitudinally inclined beds, while it is possible to calculate the parameters of both individual beds and the entire system as a whole, containing longitudinally inclined beds in the amount of two or more.

The length of the transversely inclined beds 2 is determined by the width and the number of longitudinally inclined beds 1, both parameters are optional values, determined depending on the needs and capabilities of the user using the proposed system of inclined beds.

The shape and dimensions of the sides correspond to the shape and size of the walls of the beds. As materials for the manufacture of the sides of the beds, various rigid materials are used, for example, metal, wood, the now popular wood-polymer composite (WPC), etc.

In FIG. 1, the crossed lines show the portions of the usable area occupied by the beds, additionally appearing when using the proposed system of beds, having a configuration that includes longitudinally inclined and one transversely inclined beds, in comparison with a system having a configuration that includes only beds, oriented along the length in one direction, in this case, longitudinally inclined beds, oriented along the length from south to north.

To achieve the maximum use of solar energy, stunted plants are planted in the more southern beds so that they do not shade the plants in the more northern beds from the sun, and taller plants are placed in the northern beds, the further north, the higher the plants.

The procedure for calculating the parameters of the system of inclined beds is the same for the formation of a system of inclined beds in open ground, and in greenhouse 10 or vegetation 11.

Claims (1)

A sloping bed system for crop production, containing beds having the same angle of inclination to the south; between the beds there are passages, characterized in that the beds are made increasing from south to north in height; the system of beds has a configuration, which includes one transversely inclined bed, oriented along the length from east to west, and two or more longitudinally inclined beds adjacent to it, identical in geometrical parameters, oriented along the length from south to north; the height of the wall of the transversely inclined beds and the height of the walls of the longitudinally inclined beds at the point of contact are equal; longitudinally inclined beds are adjacent to the transversely inclined beds at a right angle, and the walls of the beds are reinforced with sides.

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