CN220099939U - High-cold mining area slope ecological restoration structure based on root system anchoring effect - Google Patents

High-cold mining area slope ecological restoration structure based on root system anchoring effect Download PDF

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CN220099939U
CN220099939U CN202320977525.5U CN202320977525U CN220099939U CN 220099939 U CN220099939 U CN 220099939U CN 202320977525 U CN202320977525 U CN 202320977525U CN 220099939 U CN220099939 U CN 220099939U
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area
plant
drainage
holes
branch
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黄文忠
李晟楠
石磊
韩晓雨
孟庆俊
朱雪强
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Dalai Nur Coal Industry Co Ltd
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Dalai Nur Coal Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

The ecological restoration structure for the high and cold mining area side slope based on the root system anchoring effect comprises a first area, a second area connected with the first area, a heat insulation layer and a spraying and draining system, wherein the heat insulation layer covers the upper surfaces of the first area and the second area, the first area is 25-30 degrees in gradient, the first area comprises a plurality of quincuncial planting holes a, and plant bags a are arranged in the planting holes a; the second gradient is smaller than 25 degrees, the second region comprises a plurality of quincuncial planting holes b, and plant bags b are arranged in the planting holes b; the first and second areas are provided with drainage ditches, water sources, main pipelines, branch pipelines and land-inserted micro-spraying equipment for sprinkling irrigation and drainage. The utility model discloses select the vegetation type that is fit for the alpine region and grow, set up the heat preservation and spray and drainage structures, overcome rainy season ponding and be difficult for discharging, the problem that the drought season does not have sufficient water source to be unfavorable for vegetation growth, can improve vegetation survival rate, have pleasing to the eye, sustainable advantage.

Description

High-cold mining area slope ecological restoration structure based on root system anchoring effect
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection, and particularly relates to a slope ecological restoration structure for an alpine mining area based on a root system anchoring effect.
Background
There are a number of current techniques for enhancing the soil stability of a slope. The traditional civil engineering side slope supporting treatment technology generally uses hard materials such as steel bars, ecological concrete, slurry masonry and the like to stabilize the side slope, and the rigid side slope supporting method can meet the requirement of stabilizing the side slope, but has a plurality of problems: (1) the engineering materials used are high in cost, high in construction difficulty and incapable of being applied in a large area; (2) the ageing and degradation of the engineering materials used endanger the ecological environment; (3) the ecological side slope cannot be restored, the protection of ecological environment and the water and soil conservation are not facilitated, the ecological side slope is uncoordinated with the peripheral greening landscapes, and the aesthetic feeling is lacking; (4) when a climate disaster occurs in a rainy season, water cannot be drained in time, the burden of a side slope is increased, and landslide and the like are caused. But aiming at the slope with a slow gradient, the plant root system soil can replace geotechnical anchoring, and the slope protection is water-retaining. Meanwhile, in the alpine region, due to the special environment temperature and fragile ecosystem, a vegetation configuration method which is stable and attractive and is suitable for ecological restoration of the slope of the alpine mining region is difficult to find.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: aiming at the technical problems, the utility model provides a high-cold mining area side slope ecological restoration structure based on a root system anchoring effect, and provides a pure vegetation ecological restoration scheme suitable for the high-cold mining area side slope, which can not only stabilize the side slope and guide accumulated water, but also protect ecology, and has the advantages of attractive appearance and sustainability.
The technical scheme is as follows: an ecological restoration structure for a slope of a high-cold mining area based on root system anchoring effect, wherein the slope of the high-cold mining area is a rock slope with an annual average temperature of-8 ℃ to 7 ℃ and a gradient of less than 30 DEG, comprises a first area, a second area connected with the first area, a heat preservation layer covered on the upper surfaces of the first area and the second area, and a spraying and drainage system,
the first area is a slope of a alpine mining area with a gradient of 25-30 degrees, the first area comprises a plurality of quincuncial plant growing holes a, the included angle between the plant growing holes a and the vertical surface of the first area is 60 degrees, the aperture is 20cm, the hole depth is 70cm, the hole distance is 70cm, and plant bags a are arranged in the plant growing holes a;
the second area is a slope of the alpine mining area with the gradient less than 25 degrees, the second area comprises a plurality of quincuncial plant holes b, the plant holes b are arranged corresponding to the plant holes a, the included angle between the plant holes b and the vertical surface of the second area is 60 degrees, the aperture is 15cm, the hole depth is 40cm, the hole spacing is 60cm, and plant bags b are arranged in the plant holes b;
the spraying and drainage system comprises a drainage ditch, a water source, a main pipeline, branch pipelines and ground-inserted micro-spraying equipment, wherein one end of the main pipeline is connected with the water source, the other end of the main pipeline is divided into four pipelines which are respectively connected with two branch pipelines arranged at the tops of the first area and the second area, the branch pipelines are transversely arranged at the top end of the first area or the second area, the bottom end of the branch pipeline is respectively communicated with one end of a plurality of groups of branch pipelines which are vertically distributed in parallel, the other end of the branch pipeline is sealed and points to the second bottom end of the area, a plurality of groups of ground-inserted micro-spraying equipment which are evenly and vertically distributed are arranged on each branch pipeline are used for spraying irrigation, the drainage pipelines correspond to the quantity and the positions of the branch pipelines, the drainage pipelines are arranged below the branch pipelines for drainage, the bottom of the branch pipelines at the second top end of the area is also provided with the drainage ditch, the drainage ditch is communicated between the first area and the second area, the bottommost ditch is communicated with the drainage ditch, and the drainage ditch is arranged at the second bottom end of the area.
Preferably, the plant bag a is internally provided with a plant growing substrate and shrub seeds or plants planted in the plant growing substrate; the plant bag b is internally provided with a plant growing base material and vegetation seeds or plants planted in the plant growing base material.
Preferably, the shrubs are big fruit sea buckthorn, and the vegetation is a vegetation group formed by mixing herba Ocimi, sweet clover, alfalfa, saururus chinensis, festuca arundinacea, huwei grass, barnyard grass, wheatgrass and awnless brome according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:1:0.5:2:1.
Preferably, the plant substrate is made of soil: organic fertilizer: fiber matter: and (3) a water-retaining agent: and (2) a binder: compound fertilizer: the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing microelements according to a mass ratio of 35:1:1:3:3:6.
Preferably, the heat preservation layer is composed of straws, and the thickness of the heat preservation layer is 15cm.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the main pipeline is 5cm, the pipe diameter of the branch pipeline is 4cm, the pipe diameter of the branch pipeline is 2cm, and the main pipeline is made of hard PVC pipes.
Preferably, the height of the earth-inserted micro-spraying device is 70cm, and the longitudinal spacing is 1m.
The beneficial effects are that: the novel pure vegetation ecological slope protection scheme is adopted on the rock slope with a slower gradient, the original all geotechnical anchoring engineering method is changed, the plant root system growth and the anchoring function are fully utilized, the rock slope is gradually changed into a wooden slope, and the environment is beautified to a greater degree.
Through dividing regional subregion planting, utilize shrub and herb vertical root system length different characteristics, plant the longer shrub of vertical root system in the steeper region of slope, do benefit to the solid soil of side slope, and practice thrift the cost.
The vegetation type suitable for growth in alpine regions is selected, the local common crop straws are used as a vegetation insulation layer, and the spraying and drainage structure is arranged, so that the problems that accumulated water is not easy to drain in rainy seasons, and insufficient water source is not beneficial to vegetation growth in dry seasons are solved, the vegetation survival rate can be improved, and the vegetation insulation layer has the advantages of attractive appearance and sustainability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vegetation hole with a slope quincuncial layout in the utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present utility model;
the numerical references in the drawings are as follows: 1. slope of alpine mining area; 2. region one; 3. a second region; 4. a plant growing hole a;5. a plant growing hole b;6. a plant bag a;7. a plant bag b;8. a plant-growing substrate; 9. a drainage ditch; 10. a water source; 11. a main pipe; 12. a branch pipe; 13. a branch pipe; 14. inserting a micro-spraying device; 15. a heat preservation layer; 16. and a drainage canal.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present utility model only, and are not intended to limit the present utility model.
The micro-jet device is a common commercial product in the embodiment of the specification.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the utility model provides an ecological restoration structure for a high and cold mining area side slope based on a root system anchoring effect, wherein the high and cold mining area side slope 1 is a rock side slope with an annual average temperature of-8 ℃ to 7 ℃ and a gradient of less than 30 DEG, and comprises a first area 2, a second area 3 connected with the first area 2, a heat preservation layer 15 covered on the upper surfaces of the first area 2 and the second area 3, and a spraying and drainage system.
The first area 2 is a slope of a alpine mining area with a slope of 25-30 degrees, the slope is 30 degrees in the embodiment, the first area 2 comprises a plurality of quincuncial plant holes a 4, the included angle between the plant holes a 4 and the vertical surface of the first area 2 is 60 degrees, the aperture is 20cm, the hole depth is 70cm, the hole spacing is 70cm, and plant bags a 6 are arranged in the plant holes a 4.
The second area 3 is a slope of a alpine mining area with a gradient less than 25 degrees, the slope is 25 degrees in the embodiment, the second area 3 comprises a plurality of quincuncial planting holes b 5, the planting holes b 5 are arranged corresponding to the planting holes a 4, the included angle between the planting holes b 5 and the vertical surface of the second area 3 is 60 degrees, the aperture is 15cm, the hole depth is 40cm, the hole distance is 60cm, and plant bags b 7 are arranged in the planting holes b 5.
The spraying and drainage system comprises a drainage ditch 9, a drainage ditch 16, a water source 10, a main pipeline 11, branch pipelines 12, branch pipelines 13 and ground-inserted micro-spraying equipment 14, wherein one end of the main pipeline 11 is connected with the water source 10, the other end of the main pipeline is divided into four branches which are respectively connected with two branch pipelines 12 arranged at the tops of the first area 2 and the second area 3, the branch pipelines 12 are transversely arranged at the top ends of the first area 2 or the second area 3, the bottom ends of the branch pipelines 12 of the first area 2 are respectively communicated with one ends of a plurality of groups of branch pipelines 13 which are vertically distributed in parallel, the other ends of the branch pipelines 12 of the second area 3 are respectively communicated with one ends of a plurality of groups of branch pipelines 13 which are vertically distributed in parallel, the other ends of the branch pipelines 13 are sealed and point to the bottom ends of the second area 3, a plurality of groups of ground-inserted micro-spraying equipment 14 which are uniformly and vertically distributed are arranged on each branch pipeline 13 are used for spraying irrigation, the drainage ditches 16 correspond to the quantity and positions of the branch pipelines 13 and are arranged below the branch pipelines 13 and are used for drainage, the bottoms of the branch pipelines 12 at the tops of the second area 3 are also provided with drainage ditches 16, the bottoms of the drainage ditches 16 between the first area 2 and the second area 3 are communicated with the branch ditches 12, the bottom ends of the drainage ditches 9, and the drainage ditches 9 are communicated with the drainage ditches 9, and the drainage ditches 9 are arranged at the bottom ends of the drainage ditches 9.
In this embodiment, a branch pipe is provided for each three rows of the plant growth holes a 4 in the first region 2, and a branch pipe is provided for each two rows of the plant growth holes b 5 in the second region 3.
Example 2
The difference with the embodiment 1 is that the plant bag a 6 is provided with a plant growing substrate 8 and shrub seeds or plants planted in the plant growing substrate 8; the plant bag b 7 is provided with a plant substrate 8, and vegetation seeds or plants planted in the plant substrate 8. In order to better explain the novel structure, seeds are in the plant bag a 6 and the plant bag b 7 in the embodiment.
The shrubs are big fruit sea buckthorn. The shrubs are planted in the first 2-region endophytic base material 8, the big-fruit sea buckthorn can survive in a low-temperature environment, is suitable for growth in alpine regions, has strong and long root systems and more lateral root strips, and is beneficial to stabilizing side slope soil.
The vegetation is a vegetation group formed by mixing the following materials of elymus, sweet clover, alfalfa, saussurea involucrata, festuca arundinacea, tiger tail grass, barnyard grass, wheatgrass and brome with the mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:1:1:0.5:2:1. The vegetation is low-temperature resistant and suitable for growing in alpine regions; the quality ratio obtains a better vegetation distribution ratio suitable for site survival according to the site vegetation diversity investigation result of the side slope of the alpine mining area.
The plant substrate 8 is prepared from soil: organic fertilizer: fiber matter: and (3) a water-retaining agent: and (2) a binder: compound fertilizer: the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing microelements according to a mass ratio of 35:1:1:3:3:6. The soil is mainly turfy soil and peat soil; the fiber, the water-retaining agent and the binder are beneficial to the fixation of water and fertilizer retention of plant growth base materials and the continuous supply of nutrients.
The heat preservation layer 15 is composed of straws, and the thickness of the heat preservation layer 15 is 15cm. The straws are common crop stems and leaves in the alpine region, and the thermal insulation effect of vegetation can be realized after the straws are paved, so that the growth of the vegetation in the alpine region is facilitated.
The pipe diameter of the main pipeline 11 is 5cm, the pipe diameter of the branch pipeline 12 is 4cm, the pipe diameter of the branch pipeline 13 is 2cm, and the materials are hard PVC pipes.
The height of the earth-inserted micro-spraying device 14 is 70cm, and the longitudinal spacing of each device is 1m.
The ecological restoration method for the slope ecological restoration structure of the alpine mining area based on the root system anchoring effect comprises the following steps:
dividing a slope with a slope of 25-30 degrees in a mining area into a first area 2, and dividing a slope with a slope of less than 25 degrees into a second area 3;
drilling a plant growing hole a 4 and a plant growing hole b 5 on a rock slope by using a drilling machine, wherein the depths of the plant growing holes in the first area 2 and the second area 3 are 70cm and 40cm respectively, planting a plant growing base material 8 is placed in the holes, and a vegetation heat insulation layer 15 is paved on the surfaces of the plant growing holes;
thirdly, respectively planting a plant bag a 6 and a plant bag b 7 in the plant growing holes of the first area 2 and the second area 3, paving a spraying and draining system, and irrigating according to requirements after the plant bag a 6 and the plant bag b 7 are placed;
and fourthly, continuously observing vegetation growth conditions, planting vegetation with high survival rate, and draining accumulated water by utilizing the drainage canal 16 and the drainage canal 9 when the vegetation is planted in a rainy season.
The above embodiments describe the utility model in connection with the accompanying drawings but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the utility model.

Claims (6)

1. The ecological restoration structure for the high and cold mining area side slope based on the root system anchoring effect is characterized by comprising a first area, a second area connected with the first area, a heat preservation layer covered on the upper surfaces of the first area and the second area and a spraying and drainage system, wherein the high and cold mining area side slope is a rock side slope with the annual average temperature of-8 ℃ to 7 ℃ and the gradient of less than 30 ℃,
the first area is a slope of a alpine mining area with a gradient of 25-30 degrees, the first area comprises a plurality of quincuncial plant growing holes a, the included angle between the plant growing holes a and the vertical surface of the first area is 60 degrees, the aperture is 20cm, the hole depth is 70cm, the hole distance is 70cm, and plant bags a are arranged in the plant growing holes a;
the second area is a slope of the alpine mining area with the gradient less than 25 degrees, the second area comprises a plurality of quincuncial plant holes b, the plant holes b are arranged corresponding to the plant holes a, the included angle between the plant holes b and the vertical surface of the second area is 60 degrees, the aperture is 15cm, the hole depth is 40cm, the hole spacing is 60cm, and plant bags b are arranged in the plant holes b;
the spraying and drainage system comprises a drainage ditch, a water source, a main pipeline, branch pipelines and ground-inserted micro-spraying equipment, wherein one end of the main pipeline is connected with the water source, the other end of the main pipeline is divided into four pipelines which are respectively connected with two branch pipelines arranged at the tops of the first area and the second area, the branch pipelines are transversely arranged at the top end of the first area or the second area, the bottom end of the branch pipeline is respectively communicated with one end of a plurality of groups of branch pipelines which are vertically distributed in parallel, the other end of the branch pipeline is sealed and points to the second bottom end of the area, a plurality of groups of ground-inserted micro-spraying equipment which are evenly and vertically distributed are arranged on each branch pipeline are used for spraying irrigation, the drainage pipelines correspond to the quantity and the positions of the branch pipelines, the drainage pipelines are arranged below the branch pipelines for drainage, the bottom of the branch pipelines at the second top end of the area is also provided with the drainage ditch, the drainage ditch is communicated between the first area and the second area, the bottommost ditch is communicated with the drainage ditch, and the drainage ditch is arranged at the second bottom end of the area.
2. The ecological restoration structure for the high and cold mining area side slope based on the root anchoring effect according to claim 1, wherein a plant bag a is internally provided with a plant-growing substrate and shrub seeds or plants planted in the plant-growing substrate; the plant bag b is internally provided with a plant growing base material and vegetation seeds or plants planted in the plant growing base material.
3. The ecological restoration structure for the side slope of the alpine mining area based on the root anchoring effect of claim 2, wherein the shrubs are big fruit sea buckthorn, and the vegetation is a vegetation group of elymus chinensis, sweet clover, alfalfa, saussurea involucrata, leymus chinensis, gerbera, barnyard grass, wheatgrass and awnless brome mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:1:1:0.5:2:1.
4. The ecological restoration structure for the high and cold mining area slope based on the root anchoring effect according to claim 1, wherein the heat preservation layer is composed of straws, and the thickness of the heat preservation layer is 15cm.
5. The ecological restoration structure for the side slope of the severe cold mining area based on the root system anchoring effect according to claim 1, wherein the pipe diameter of the main pipeline is 5cm, the pipe diameter of the branch pipeline is 4cm, the pipe diameter of the branch pipeline is 2cm, and the main pipeline is made of hard PVC pipes.
6. The ecological restoration structure for the high and cold mining area side slope based on the root system anchoring effect according to claim 1, wherein the ground insertion micro-spraying device is 70cm in height and 1m in longitudinal distance.
CN202320977525.5U 2023-04-26 2023-04-26 High-cold mining area slope ecological restoration structure based on root system anchoring effect Active CN220099939U (en)

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