CN112449786B - Novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 266
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system and a construction method thereof, wherein the system comprises a nest type soil fixing net, an irrigation pipe net and a combined cultivation matrix filled in the nest type soil fixing net, and soil fixing or salt-tolerant plants are planted on the combined cultivation matrix; the nest type soil fixing net is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units; each soil fixing net unit comprises a soil fixing net wall forming a nest type soil fixing hole, a net piece supporting pull rod used for stretching and forming the nest type soil fixing net and a net piece fixing rod used for fixing the soil fixing net unit on the ground, so that the problem of salt infiltration of groundwater in saline-alkali soil improvement is solved, desertification can be prevented, and the soil fixing net has very important economic, practical and environmental protection values. The combined cultivation substrate provided by the invention has the advantages that the substrate is fully and reasonably configured from top to bottom, the survival rate and long-term growth of plants are ensured, and the aim of changing the inferior resource into the dominant resource is truly achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the continuous deep economic development, rural land is developed towards centralized commercialization, and 18 hundred million mu of cultivated land red lines become more and more important bottom protection marker posts. According to statistics, various coastal beach lands in China have more than 800 ten thousand mu, and the beach lands are idle mostly due to high salt alkalinity, so that even if the beach lands are barely utilized, the yield of planted crops is low, and economic benefits are difficult to achieve. In addition, with the deterioration of the environment, the desertification of the soil in China is more and more emphasized, the wind prevention and sand fixation, and the improvement of the desert planting are always the key points of environmental protection and the exploration edge of agricultural development.
The most common method for reforming and utilizing the existing saline-alkali soil is to replace and fill foreign soil or utilize a salt discharging pipe to discharge salt, so that the foreign soil is replaced and filled with a great amount of soil resources, the short-term effect is good, but groundwater salt can be continuously infiltrated again, so that newly replaced foreign soil is salinized, the newly replaced foreign soil becomes 'secondary' salinized soil, and the long-term effect is poor. The salt removing pipe is required to be excavated to implement the soil reduction and desalination technology, the cost of the pre-buried salt removing pipe is relatively high, the pre-buried arrangement mode is novel, the construction is difficult, and the anti-oxidation capability and the anti-corrosion capability of the salt removing pipe are weak, so that the salt removing pipe is difficult to adapt to the land transformation in a large area.
The existing desert control mode mainly comprises the steps of planting protection tree seeds or planting surface plants by combining with laying irrigation pipelines to improve ecology. The protection tree seeds have good wind prevention and sand fixation effects, but have long growth period, high early investment cost and long implementation period. The root system of the surface plant is shallower, and the plant can be pulled up by the root under the condition of larger wind force or desert movement, and the plant cannot adapt to the improvement of severe environment.
How to prevent wind, fix sand, remove salt and remove alkali fully utilizes coastal beach and desert lands and improves farmland soil to become the research focus of current agricultural land utilization, reasonably develops and utilizes the land resources, changes the inferior resources into dominant resources, has great significance for ensuring the grain safety of China and has great significance for protecting the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, which adopts a nest type soil fixing net and combines a combined cultivation matrix to realize the purposes of sand planting and salt removing in saline-alkali soil. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
firstly, the invention provides a novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, which comprises a nest type soil fixing net, an irrigation pipe net and a combined cultivation substrate filled in the nest type soil fixing net, wherein soil fixing or salt-tolerant plants are planted on the combined cultivation substrate; the nest type soil fixing net is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units; each soil fixing net unit comprises a soil fixing net wall forming a nest type soil fixing hole, a net piece supporting pull rod used for stretching and forming the nest type soil fixing net, and a net piece fixing rod used for fixing the soil fixing net units on the ground.
The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system is characterized in that the soil fixing net wall of the soil fixing net unit is made of a carbon fiber reinforced special engineering composite material, and is provided with a pipeline through hole and a plurality of homogenizing holes, wherein the pipeline through hole is used for laying an irrigation pipeline, and the homogenizing holes are used for communicating adjacent nest type soil fixing holes; the homogenizing holes comprise homogenizing holes and ventilation holes, the homogenizing holes and the ventilation holes are mixed and distributed, and the pore diameters of the homogenizing holes and the ventilation holes at the lower part are larger than those of the homogenizing holes and the ventilation holes at the upper part.
In the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system, the net piece supporting pull rods are arranged around the soil fixing net units, and the net piece fixing rods and the net piece fixing holes are arranged at the joint angles of each nest type soil fixing hole; the mesh fixing rod is smaller than the mesh supporting pull rod in specification, and the mesh fixing rods are provided with grounding ends extending out of the soil fixing mesh units.
In the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, the edge of the soil fixing net unit is provided with a unit connector; the unit connector comprises a bonding sheet and a connecting hole arranged on the bonding sheet, and the soil fixing net units are connected through corrosion-resistant screws.
The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system comprises a raw soil base layer, a penetration adjusting layer, an alien soil filling layer, a composite matrix layer and a capping sand layer from bottom to top in sequence; the original soil base layer is an original soil layer of coastal beach or desert; the permeability regulating layer is a salt and alkali removing shower layer paved on the original soil layer of the coastal beach or a water-retaining matrix layer arranged above the original soil layer of the desert; the soil filling layer and the composite matrix layer are used as planting layers, wherein the composite matrix layer is prepared according to the planted plant types; the capping sand layer is used for capping the composite matrix layer to prevent water flow scouring or wind blowing loss.
In the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, a salt removing groove is formed in the original coastal beach soil layer, and the salt removing and alkali removing shower layer is a coarse sand stone layer which is paved in the salt removing groove and above the original coastal beach soil layer; the water-retaining matrix layer is paved above the original soil layer of the desert.
Preferably, in the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, the water-retaining matrix layer is formed by mixing moss soil and peat, and the mixing volume ratio of the moss soil to the peat is 1-3:2-5.
The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system comprises an irrigation pipe network, a water flow control valve and a water flow control valve, wherein the irrigation pipe network comprises an irrigation main pipe, an irrigation branch pipe and a water flow control valve arranged on the irrigation main pipe and the irrigation branch pipe; the irrigation main pipe is paved between the soil fixing net units, and the irrigation branch pipe is paved above the penetration adjusting layer and comprises a drip irrigation pipe and a hard alkali discharging pipe sleeved outside the drip irrigation pipe.
Secondly, the invention provides a construction method of the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system, which comprises the following steps:
1) Ploughing raw soil: ploughing the original soil of the coastal beach or desert land to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is not lower than the height of the grounding end of the net sheet fixing rod, and arranging salt discharging grooves on a ploughing layer of the coastal beach;
2) Paving a permeation regulating layer: paving coarse sand and stone on a salt discharging groove and a coastal beach original soil plough layer to be used as a salt discharging alkali removing shower layer; spreading the mixed moss soil and peat on a plough layer of a desert for water conservation and storage;
3) Stretching the nest type soil fixing net: stretching the soil fixing net units, and binding net piece supporting pull rods into the non-ploughed raw soil, wherein the nest type soil fixing net is buried to the lower edge of a pipeline through hole on the wall of the soil fixing net, and the shape of each nest type soil fixing hole is fixed through net piece fixing rods;
4) Paving an irrigation pipe network: paving an irrigation main pipe between the set soil fixing net units, enabling the irrigation branch pipe to pass through the pipeline through holes on the soil fixing net wall and be connected with the irrigation main pipe to form an irrigation pipe network, and connecting the joints of the soil fixing net units;
5) Laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network is paved, paving the transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole, and paving a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) Planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the paved composite matrix in a mode of transplanting seedlings or directly sowing, and paving a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix to prevent the composite matrix from being washed by water flow or being lost by wind blowing;
7) Irrigation management: and controlling water flows in the main irrigation pipe and the branch irrigation pipe through water flow control valves on the irrigation pipe network to perform leaching, salt removal and alkali removal or water supplementing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention system fixes the culture medium in the saline-alkali soil or sand by adopting the nest type soil fixing net, and washes the saline-alkali components in the saline-alkali soil or supplements water by the irrigation pipe net. For various coastal beach lands, the problem of salt-back seepage of groundwater transformed by the saline-alkali land is solved, the saline in the saline-alkali land can be cleaned through an irrigation net, the coastal beach land resource is fully utilized, meanwhile, the beach soil is transformed, and the long-term planting effect can be ensured; for the desert area, the nest type soil fixing net is adopted to fix the culture medium to provide a nutrition foundation for the desert planting, meanwhile, the desert soil is prevented from being transferred along with wind, the laid irrigation pipe network can effectively solve the problem of water shortage of the desert planting under the action of drip irrigation and water-retaining matrixes, the desertification of the land is prevented, meanwhile, the desert land can be well utilized, and the method has very important economic, practical and environmental protection values. In addition, the invention adopts a combined cultivation matrix, and the matrix is fully and reasonably configured from top to bottom; the composite matrix layer can provide proper environment for seedling or planting germination and early growth, and firstly ensures the survival rate; the soil filling layer suitable for planting ensures deep root nutrition of plants and long-term growth of the plants; the permeability adjusting layer utilizes an irrigation pipe network to reform the soil at the lower layer while providing water for plants; therefore, coastal beach and desert land resources are reasonably developed and utilized, the real inferior resources are changed into dominant resources, and the grain safety of China is ensured and the method has great significance for protecting the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a novel nest type soil consolidation and salt elimination soil improvement system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a nest type soil fixing hole structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a nest type soil fixing hole structure of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a combined cultivation substrate layer structure according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. nest type soil fixing net; 11/A, nest type soil fixing holes; 12. fixing the soil net wall; 13. a net support pull rod; 14. a mesh fixing rod; 15. a grounding end; 2. irrigation pipe network; 21. an irrigation main pipe; 22. irrigation branch pipes; 23. a water flow control valve; 3. a combined cultivation substrate; 31. a raw soil base layer; 32. a permeation regulating layer; 33. a foreign soil filling layer; 34. a composite matrix layer; 35. sealing the top sand layer; 4. a conduit through hole; 5. homogenizing holes; 51. a water homogenizing hole; 52. ventilation holes; 6. a unit connector; 61. a strap; 62. and a connection hole.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Specific examples are as follows:
example 1
The embodiment is a novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, the structure of which is shown in figures 1 to 4, and the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system comprises a nest type soil fixing net 1, an irrigation pipe net 2 and a combined cultivation substrate 3 filled in the nest type soil fixing net 1, wherein soil fixing or salt-tolerant plants are planted on the combined cultivation substrate 3; the nest type soil fixing net 1 is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units; each soil-fixing net unit comprises a soil-fixing net wall 12 forming a nest-type soil-fixing hole 11, net-sheet supporting pull rods 13 for tensioning the nest-type soil-fixing net 1, and net-sheet fixing rods 14 for fixing the soil-fixing net unit on the ground. The nest type soil fixing net is adopted to fix the culture medium in the saline-alkali soil or sand, and the irrigation pipe network is used for flushing the saline-alkali components in the saline-alkali soil or supplementing water for desert planting, so that the problem of salt infiltration of groundwater in saline-alkali soil improvement is solved, and the desert soil is prevented from being transferred along with wind.
Specifically, in the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system of the embodiment, the soil fixing net wall 12 of the soil fixing net unit is made of a carbon fiber reinforced special engineering composite material, a pipeline through hole 4 and a plurality of homogenizing holes 5 are formed in the soil fixing net wall, the pipeline through hole 4 is used for laying an irrigation pipeline, and the homogenizing holes 5 are used for communicating adjacent nest type soil fixing holes 11; the homogenizing holes 5 comprise homogenizing holes 51 and air holes 52, the homogenizing holes 51 and the air holes 52 are mixed and distributed, and the pore diameters of the homogenizing holes 51 and the air holes 52 at the lower part are larger than those of the homogenizing holes 51 and the air holes 52 at the upper part, because the lower homogenizing holes 5 are required to be combined with an irrigation pipe network to flush saline alkali or supplement water for an upper substrate, the water is required to be rapidly diffused for utilization, and the homogenizing holes 5 at the upper part mainly act as ventilation, so that the growth of plant root systems is ensured. In this embodiment, the mesh support tie rods 13 are disposed around the soil fixing mesh unit, and the mesh fixing rods 14 are disposed at the junction angle of each nest type soil fixing hole 11; the mesh fixing rod 14 is smaller than the mesh supporting pull rod 13 in specification, and is provided with a grounding end 15 extending out of the soil fixing net unit, so that the soil fixing net is conveniently fixed on the ground. In order to connect the soil fixation net units into a whole, unit connectors 6 are arranged at the edges of the soil fixation net units; the unit connector 6 comprises a bonding sheet 61 and a connecting hole 62 arranged on the bonding sheet 61, and the soil fixing net units are connected by epoxy resin screws or other corrosion-resistant screws so as to prevent saline-alkali corrosion.
The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system of the embodiment comprises a combined cultivation substrate 3, a raw soil base layer 31, a penetration adjusting layer 32, a foreign soil filling layer 33, a composite substrate layer 34 and a top sand sealing layer 35 from bottom to top in sequence; the original soil base layer 31 is a coastal beach original soil layer or a desert original soil layer; the permeability regulating layer 32 is a salt and alkali removing shower layer paved on the original soil layer of the coastal beach or a water-retaining matrix layer arranged above the original soil layer of the desert; the soil-aliased filling layer 33 and the composite matrix layer 34 are used as planting layers, wherein the composite matrix layer 34 is formulated according to the planted plant species; the capping sand layer 35 is used for capping the composite matrix layer 34 to prevent water flow scouring or wind loss. The salt discharging groove is obliquely designed, has an angle of 15-40 degrees and is convenient for discharging the washed brine; the salt and alkali removing shower layer is a coarse sand layer which is paved in the salt removing groove and above the original soil layer of the coastal beach; the water-retaining matrix layer is paved above the original soil layer of the desert. In this embodiment, the water-retaining matrix layer is preferably formed by mixing moss soil and peat, and the volume ratio of the moss soil to peat is 1-3:2-5, preferably 1:2 and 3:5.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the irrigation pipe network 2 includes an irrigation main pipe 21 and an irrigation branch pipe 22, and water flow control valves 23 provided on the irrigation main pipe 21 and the irrigation branch pipe 22; the irrigation main pipe 21 is paved between the soil fixing net units, the irrigation branch pipe 22 is paved above the penetration adjusting layer 32 and comprises a drip irrigation pipe and a hard alkali discharge pipe sleeved outside the drip irrigation pipe, the hard alkali discharge pipe can not only protect the drip irrigation pipe, but also prevent surrounding matrixes from entering the irrigation pipe holes to block the penetration. When coastal beach soil is improved, the irrigation branch pipe 22 is used for drip irrigation on the coarse sand layer, and the saline-alkali in the original soil layer of the coastal beach at the lower part is leached and discharged through the salt discharge groove; when the desert control soil is improved, irrigation branch pipes 22 are used for drip irrigation in a water-retaining matrix layer formed by mixing moss soil and peat, so that moisture is retained and permeates upwards for plants to use.
Example 2
The present embodiment is a construction method for transforming coastal beach soil and planting crops by using the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system described in embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
1) Ploughing raw soil: the coastal beach to be improved is turned over, the ploughing depth is not lower than the height of the grounding end 15 of the net piece fixing rod 14, salt discharging grooves are arranged on the ploughing layer, the salt discharging grooves are obliquely designed, the angle is 15-40 degrees, and flushing brine is conveniently discharged;
2) Paving a permeation regulating layer: paving coarse sand and stone on a salt discharging groove and a coastal beach raw soil cultivation layer to serve as a salt discharging and alkali removing shower layer, combining an irrigation branch pipe 22 to drip irrigation on the coarse sand and stone layer, leaching the salt and alkali in the coastal beach raw soil layer at the lower part, discharging the salt through the salt discharging groove, and preventing salt returning;
3) Stretching the nest type soil fixing net: stretching the soil fixing net units, and binding net piece supporting pull rods 13 into the non-ploughed raw soil, wherein the nest type soil fixing net 1 is buried to the lower edge of a pipeline through hole 4 on the soil fixing net wall 12, and the shape of each nest type soil fixing hole 11 is fixed through net piece fixing rods 14;
4) Paving an irrigation pipe network: paving an irrigation main pipe 21 between the set soil fixing net units, enabling an irrigation branch pipe 22 to pass through the pipeline through holes 4 on the soil fixing net wall 12 and be connected with the irrigation main pipe 21 to form an irrigation pipe network 2, and connecting the soil fixing net unit connectors 6;
5) Laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network 2 is paved, paving the transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole 11, and paving a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) Planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the paved composite matrix in a mode of transplanting seedlings or directly sowing, and paving a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix to prevent the composite matrix from being eroded and lost by water flow;
7) Irrigation management: the water flow control valve 23 on the irrigation pipe network 2 controls the water flow in the irrigation main pipe 21 and the irrigation branch pipe 22 to perform leaching, salt removal and alkali removal, and water and fertilizer spraying, pest management and the like can be performed on the upper part according to the growth condition of plants.
Example 3
The embodiment is a construction method for improving soil in a desert area and planting crops by using the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system described in the embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
1) Ploughing raw soil: ploughing the original soil of the desert land to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is not lower than the height of the grounding end 15 of the net sheet fixing rod 14;
2) Paving a permeation regulating layer: spreading the mixed moss soil and peat on a plough layer of a desert for water conservation and storage;
3) Stretching the nest type soil fixing net: stretching the soil fixing net units, and binding net piece supporting pull rods 13 into the non-ploughed raw soil, wherein the nest type soil fixing net 1 is buried to the lower edge of a pipeline through hole 4 on the soil fixing net wall 12, and the shape of each nest type soil fixing hole 11 is fixed through net piece fixing rods 14;
4) Paving an irrigation pipe network: paving an irrigation main pipe 21 between the set soil fixing net units, enabling an irrigation branch pipe 22 to pass through the pipeline through holes 4 on the soil fixing net wall 12 and be connected with the irrigation main pipe 21 to form an irrigation pipe network 2, and connecting the soil fixing net unit connectors 6;
5) Laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network 2 is paved, paving the transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole 11, and paving a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) Planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the paved composite matrix in a mode of transplanting seedlings or directly sowing, and paving a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix to prevent the composite matrix from being washed by water flow or being lost by wind blowing;
7) Irrigation management: the water flow control valve 23 on the irrigation pipe network 2 controls the water flow in the irrigation main pipe 21 and the irrigation branch pipe 22 to supplement water, and water and fertilizer can be sprayed on the upper part according to the growth condition of plants, and diseases and insects can be managed.
In general, the system of the invention fixes the culture medium in the saline-alkali soil or sand by adopting a nest type soil fixing net, and washes the saline-alkali components in the saline-alkali soil or supplements water by an irrigation pipe network. For various coastal beach lands, the problem of salt-back seepage of groundwater transformed by the saline-alkali land is solved, the saline in the saline-alkali land can be cleaned through an irrigation net, the coastal beach land resource is fully utilized, meanwhile, the beach soil is transformed, and the long-term planting effect can be ensured; for the desert area, the nest type soil fixing net is adopted to fix the culture medium to provide a nutrition foundation for the desert planting, meanwhile, the desert soil is prevented from being transferred along with wind, the laid irrigation pipe network can effectively solve the problem of water shortage of the desert planting under the action of drip irrigation and water-retaining matrixes, the desertification of the land is prevented, meanwhile, the desert land can be well utilized, and the method has very important economic, practical and environmental protection values. In addition, the invention adopts a combined cultivation matrix, and the matrix is fully and reasonably configured from top to bottom; the composite matrix layer can provide proper environment for seedling or planting germination and early growth, and firstly ensures the survival rate; the soil filling layer suitable for planting ensures deep root nutrition of plants and long-term growth of the plants; the permeability adjusting layer utilizes an irrigation pipe network to reform the soil at the lower layer while providing water for plants; therefore, coastal beach and desert land resources are reasonably developed and utilized, the real inferior resources are changed into dominant resources, and the grain safety of China is ensured and the method has great significance for protecting the environment.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. Novel nest type solid soil salt removal soil improvement system, its characterized in that: comprises a nest type soil fixing net (1), an irrigation pipe net (2) and a combined cultivation substrate (3) filled in the nest type soil fixing net (1);
soil-fixed or salt-tolerant plants are planted on the combined cultivation substrate (3);
the nest type soil fixing net (1) is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units;
each soil fixing net unit comprises a soil fixing net wall (12) forming a nest type soil fixing hole (11), a net piece supporting pull rod (13) used for stretching and forming the nest type soil fixing net (1) and a net piece fixing rod (14) used for fixing the soil fixing net unit on the ground, wherein the soil fixing net wall (12) of the soil fixing net unit is made of a carbon fiber reinforced special engineering composite material, and is provided with a pipeline through hole (4) and a plurality of homogenizing holes (5);
the pipeline through holes (4) are used for paving irrigation pipelines, and the homogenizing holes (5) are used for communicating adjacent nest type soil fixing holes (11);
the homogenizing holes (5) comprise homogenizing holes (51) and ventilation holes (52), the homogenizing holes (51) and the ventilation holes (52) are mixed and distributed, and the pore diameters of the homogenizing holes (51) and the ventilation holes (52) at the lower part are larger than those of the homogenizing holes (51) and the ventilation holes (52) at the upper part;
the combined cultivation matrix (3) sequentially comprises a raw soil base layer (31), a penetration adjusting layer (32), a foreign soil filling layer (33), a composite matrix layer (34) and a capping sand layer (35) from bottom to top;
the original soil base layer (31) is a coastal beach original soil layer or a desert original soil layer;
the permeability regulating layer (32) is a salt and alkali removing shower layer paved on the original soil layer of the coastal beach or a water-retaining matrix layer arranged above the original soil layer of the desert;
the soil-aliased filling layer (33) and the composite matrix layer (34) are used as planting layers, wherein the composite matrix layer (34) is prepared according to the planted plant species;
the capping sand layer (35) is used for covering and pressing the composite matrix layer (34) to prevent water flow scouring or wind blowing loss;
a salt discharging groove is arranged in the original soil layer of the coastal beach, and the salt discharging alkali removing shower layer is a coarse sand layer which is paved in the salt discharging groove and above the original soil layer of the coastal beach; the water-retaining matrix layer is paved above the original soil layer of the desert;
the irrigation pipe network (2) comprises an irrigation main pipe (21) and an irrigation branch pipe (22), and water flow control valves (23) arranged on the irrigation main pipe (21) and the irrigation branch pipe (22);
the irrigation main pipe (21) is paved between the soil fixing net units, and the irrigation branch pipe (22) is paved above the penetration adjusting layer (32) and comprises a drip irrigation pipe and a hard alkali discharge pipe sleeved outside the drip irrigation pipe.
2. The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system according to claim 1, wherein: the net piece stay bars (13) are arranged around the soil fixing net units, and the net piece fixing bars (14) and the net piece stay bars are arranged at the joint angles of each nest type soil fixing hole (11); the specification of the net piece fixing rod (14) is smaller than that of the net piece supporting rod (13), and the net piece fixing rods are respectively provided with a grounding end (15) extending out of the soil fixing net unit.
3. The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the edge of the soil fixing net unit is provided with a unit connector (6); the unit connector (6) comprises a bonding sheet (61) and a connecting hole (62) arranged on the bonding sheet (61), and the soil fixation net units are connected through corrosion-resistant screws.
4. The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system according to claim 1, wherein: a salt discharging groove is arranged in the original soil layer of the coastal beach, and the salt discharging alkali removing shower layer is a coarse sand layer which is paved in the salt discharging groove and above the original soil layer of the coastal beach; the water-retaining matrix layer is paved above the original soil layer of the desert.
5. The novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system according to claim 4, wherein: the water-retaining matrix layer is formed by mixing moss soil and peat, and the volume ratio of the moss soil to the peat is 1-3:2-5.
6. A novel construction method of a nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improvement system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Ploughing raw soil: ploughing the original soil of the coastal beach or desert land to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is not lower than the height of the grounding end (15) of the net piece fixing rod (14), and arranging salt discharging grooves on a ploughing layer of the coastal beach;
2) Paving a permeation regulating layer: paving coarse sand and stone on a salt discharging groove and a coastal beach original soil plough layer to be used as a salt discharging alkali removing shower layer; spreading the mixed moss soil and peat on a plough layer of a desert for water conservation and storage;
3) Stretching the nest type soil fixing net: stretching the soil fixing net units, and binding net piece supporting pull rods (13) into the non-ploughed original soil, wherein the nest type soil fixing net (1) is buried to the lower edge of a pipeline through hole (4) on a soil fixing net wall (12), and the shape of each nest type soil fixing hole (11) is fixed through net piece fixing rods (14);
4) Paving an irrigation pipe network: paving an irrigation main pipe (21) between set soil fixing net units, enabling an irrigation branch pipe (22) to pass through a pipeline through hole (4) on a soil fixing net wall (12) and be connected with the irrigation main pipe (21) to form an irrigation pipe network (2), and connecting a soil fixing net unit connector (6);
5) Laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network (2) is paved, paving the transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole (11), and paving a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) Planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the paved composite matrix in a mode of transplanting seedlings or directly sowing, and paving a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix to prevent the composite matrix from being washed by water flow or being lost by wind blowing;
7) Irrigation management: and water flow in the main irrigation pipe (21) and the branch irrigation pipe (22) is controlled by a water flow control valve (23) on the irrigation pipe network (2), and leaching, salt removal and alkali removal or water supplementing are performed.
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| CN113207345B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Saline-alkali soil improvement method for salt discharge by covering sand pipes |
| CN113455229B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-04-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Intertidal zone tidal flat vegetation planting device for intercepting suspended particles |
| CN115024042B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-12-08 | 滁州学院 | Land arrangement greening method |
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