CN111656901A - Rope net structure and method for promoting surface soil recovery and plant growth of deteriorated grassland of desert grassland - Google Patents
Rope net structure and method for promoting surface soil recovery and plant growth of deteriorated grassland of desert grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN111656901A CN111656901A CN202010366418.XA CN202010366418A CN111656901A CN 111656901 A CN111656901 A CN 111656901A CN 202010366418 A CN202010366418 A CN 202010366418A CN 111656901 A CN111656901 A CN 111656901A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rope net structure and a method for promoting the surface soil recovery and the plant growth of a degraded grassland in a desert grassland, wherein the rope net structure comprises a net piece woven by nylon ropes or nylon and cotton mixed woven ropes, and spherical net knots are woven at nodes of the net piece through the winding of the ropes; the method comprises the following steps: (1) weaving a mesh sheet; (2) laying a fixed mesh; (3) and (4) supplementing water and nutrients. The invention combines manpower and natural force, designs a characteristic suitable for desert grassland climate and vegetation, has small interference to the grassland soil, and can not cause further damage; utilize desert grassland natural distribution's plant species, through the fixed and fine sand's of carrying with wind-force mixture of physics, can change the earth's surface physics situation to through adding water and nutrient, create vegetation environment, the surface soil of regeneration degradation meadow prevents again to form bulky sand heap or thicker sand bed, causes negative effects in order to avoid original vegetation, is favorable to vegetation growth and recovery.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of surface soil recovery and plant growth of degraded grasslands in desert grasslands, in particular to a rope net structure and a method for promoting surface soil recovery and plant growth of degraded grasslands in desert grasslands.
Background art:
under the influence of climate change and human, northern grassland resources are seriously degraded, the grass yield is reduced, the soil is lost, and the land quality is reduced, wherein the desertification is an important aspect of the grassland degradation. Desertification is a composite land degradation process, is an important factor causing the deterioration of natural environment and the unbalance of an ecosystem and restricting the development of human society and economy, and ranks the first environmental problem in the world at present.
Many research reports show that the recovery measures of the deteriorated grassland include introduction and reseeding, reclamation and fertilization, enclosure and conservation and the like, and meanwhile, measures such as ecological immigration and the like are matched in a severe deteriorated area. The measures or the methods all carry out strong artificial interference on the grassland, damage the degenerated grassland soil and the structure thereof, and the immigration and the like have great influence on the production and life style of the herdsman and even completely change the production and life style of the herdsman.
Patent CN201310121943.5 discloses "net frame structure and method for restoring surface soil of deteriorated grassland in desert grassland", which is presented as a frame type grid from the perspective of simulating shrubs, and aims to block and accumulate wind and sand. The gauze is erected and is surrounded into a frame shape or a similar shape, the structure has higher height, and can accumulate a sand layer of more than 10cm until the sand layer or sand pile reaches the height of the gauze frame, and the accumulated sand layer is thicker, so that the sand layer with the thickness causes new stress to the original plants for the non-shrub grassland, such as growth retardation; or the grown plant is whitened in the thick sand layer, the whole plant is weak, and the plant part in the sand layer is directly dried under the drought high-temperature condition; therefore, the method is not suitable for the vegetation restoration of seriously degraded grassland with less dominant desert grassland shrubs.
Patent CN201910777391.0 discloses a method for recovering deteriorated grassland vegetation by using a latticed hemp rope net belt, which utilizes natural rainfall and the adsorption effect of braided ropes on water to improve the water utilization rate; the side length of the grid is 25-35cm, and the thickness of the rope is 0.8-1.5 cm. Although the design is also used for recovering the deteriorated grassland vegetation, the design has certain limitation on the aspect of recovering the vegetation of the seriously deteriorated grassland on the desert grassland. First, for deteriorated grasslands with severe deterioration of desert grasslands, even with gravel characteristics, such regions are characterized by the superposition of drought and wind erosion in spring, causing the grassland plants to be under severe drought stress after turning green. For example, the average precipitation for month 5 is 14.9mm, but over 50 years, 34 years are less than this average; the average precipitation for months 6 was 26.8mm, 32 years out of 50 were less than this value, with 16 years less than this mean by more than 10 mm. Therefore, under the condition of little rainfall, the requirements of good green turning and growth of plants cannot be met by utilizing natural rainfall. Secondly, the side length of the grid of the patent is designed to be 25-35cm, through our observation, if the mesh openings are too large, the sand layer formed by the braided rope on the leeward side has a certain area, but the extension to the position of the next braided rope cannot be guaranteed, so that the accumulated sand layer cannot be completely in a continuous state in the area where the net sheets are laid, bare land can appear, and ground surface gravels and soil layers are exposed and still corroded by wind power.
Therefore, the prior art is not completely suitable for the vegetation restoration of the seriously deteriorated grassland in the desert grassland, and the development and design of a vegetation restoration method suitable for the seriously deteriorated grassland in the desert grassland are imperative.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the above technical problems, a first object of the present invention is to provide a rope net structure for promoting the surface soil restoration and plant growth of deteriorated grasslands in desert grasslands, which has a simple structure, is convenient to construct, has little interference to the deteriorated grasslands, has the functions of protecting the surface soil and accumulating thin sand layers, and is particularly suitable for the vegetation restoration of severely deteriorated grasslands in desert grasslands.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for promoting the surface soil restoration and the plant growth of the deteriorated grassland of the desert grassland, which has the advantages of small interference on the deteriorated grassland soil, surface soil protection and thin sand layer accumulation, and is particularly suitable for the vegetation restoration of the seriously deteriorated grassland of the desert grassland by utilizing the characteristics of the original vegetation community of the desert grassland and combining artificial measures and natural force.
The first purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a rope net structure for promoting surface soil recovery and plant growth of a deteriorated grassland of a desert grassland comprises net pieces woven by nylon ropes or nylon and cotton mixed weaving ropes, wherein spherical net knots are woven at nodes of the net pieces through the winding of the ropes.
Further, the diameter of the nylon rope or the nylon and cotton mixed braided rope is 8 mm.
Furthermore, the mesh length of the net sheet is 10cm, and the mesh width is 10 cm.
Further, the diameter of the spherical net knots is 3-5 cm.
Further, the mesh sheet has a length of 100cm and a width of 100 cm.
The second purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for promoting the surface soil recovery and plant growth of deteriorated grasslands of desert grasslands comprises the following steps: (1) weaving a mesh sheet; (2) laying a fixed mesh; (3) supplementing water and nutrients; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) weaving a mesh sheet: weaving the net sheet by using nylon ropes or nylon and cotton mixed weaving ropes as net lines and warps and wefts;
(2) laying a fixed mesh: finding a relatively flat land on a degraded grassland, laying a plurality of meshes, and paving the meshes as flat as possible to ensure that each mesh knot of the meshes is in contact with the ground; fixing the net sheets on the ground by using reinforcing steel bars, steel nails or hard wood wedges as auxiliary fixtures, wherein each net sheet is used as a simple sand accumulation and soil fixation unit; the number of the meshes is set according to the required area, and the meshes are distributed in a separated and uniform manner to form a mesh group; or the connection configuration is carried out at the distance of 10 cm;
(3) and (3) supplementing water and nutrients: after the sand and soil are accumulated on the meshes, water and nutrients are supplemented.
Further, a water and nitrogen supplement was made during the grassland jointing stage, with 10 liters of water and 5 grams of nitrogen added to each of the mats.
The invention uses nylon rope or mixed rope of nylon and cotton to weave net sheet according to certain specification, lays on the ground, fixes and places on the degenerated grassland according to certain requirement, and is used for changing surface roughness, resisting wind and accumulating sand, and is used as an independent sand accumulation and soil fixation unit. Under the action of wind power, the carried fine sand is blocked in the rope net and accompanied with organic matters, dead branches, seeds and the like, and finally a lamellar structure combining the rope net, the sand soil layer and the plant seeds is formed. Through the addition of water and nutrients, surface soil moisture and nutrients are increased, a microenvironment beneficial to plant growth is formed, the plant growth is promoted, and grassland vegetation is recovered.
In a deteriorated grassland of a desert grassland, an area to be subjected to surface soil fixation and grassland restoration is selected, and in terms of geographical conditions, it is necessary to select a terrain such as a gentle slope in a plain or a hilly area as an implementation area. The sand is uniformly dispersed to form a network group or is adjacently paved to form a whole according to the requirement of the land block for sand accumulation and soil fixation.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention combines manpower and natural force, designs a characteristic suitable for desert grassland climate and vegetation, has small interference to the grassland soil, and can not cause further damage; utilize the plant species of desert grassland natural distribution, through the fixed and with the mixture of sand and soil of physics, can change the earth's surface physics situation to through adding water and nutrient, create vegetation environment, the soil is surfaced on the reconstituted grassland, prevents again to form bulky sand heap or thick sand bed, causes negative effects to avoiding original vegetation, the dead risk even, is favorable to vegetation to grow and resume.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for promoting the surface soil recovery and plant growth of a degraded grassland of a desert grassland.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rope net structure for promoting the surface soil recovery and plant growth of a deteriorated grassland of a desert grassland.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1: a rope net structure for promoting the surface soil recovery and plant growth of a deteriorated grassland of a desert grassland comprises a net piece 1 woven by nylon ropes or nylon and cotton mixed woven ropes, wherein spherical net knots 2 are woven at nodes of the net piece 1 through the winding of the ropes. The diameter of the nylon rope or the nylon and cotton mixed rope is 8 mm; the diameter of the rope is determined according to several aspects, in the aspect of sand accumulation layer, the net of the rope woven by the rope with the diameter less than 5mm is thin, the thickest part is less than 1cm, and the sand accumulation area formed on the leeward side is small, so that bare land appears in the grid, and no sand accumulation exists. The net formed by 8mm ropes can ensure that sand is accumulated inside the net, and the side ropes are leeward, so that the formed sand accumulation area is large and can extend to the position 10cm behind the ropes, thus providing conditions for laying the net sheets which are separated by 10cm and forming an even rope net with connected sheets. On the other hand, after the basic sand accumulation requirement is met, the use of ropes with larger diameters is not necessary, and the cost is increased; meanwhile, the diameter of the rope has a very obvious influence on the weaving difficulty, the net woven by the rope with the diameter of more than 1cm is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the weight of the other formed net is increased a lot, and the net is very difficult to carry and lay.
The mesh size is set according to the cluster diameter and cluster distance of the stipa capillata, the length of the mesh sheet 1 in the embodiment is 10cm, and the width of the mesh is 10 cm; the diameter of the spherical net knot is 3-5 cm; there are several aspects to design the mesh knot size: in the degraded grassland of the desert grassland implemented by the patent, the small stipa is the original species of established grass, and plays an important ecological role in the original grassland. Its existence and the formation of its advantages are important characteristics of grass restoration. The stipa is a perennial grass of clumpy size, which is shaped to reduce the ground wind speed and to form a sand layer in its clumps and on the lee side. If small stipa dominates the grass community, a rag is formed to cover the surface and be relatively stable. According to our observation, in the section where the small stipa exists in the deteriorated grassland, the bundle diameter of the small stipa is in certain relation with the sand layer formed by the small stipa, and if the diameter of the small stipa is less than 5cm, the single bundle or the sparse small stipa colony cannot effectively accumulate the sand layer. The snow remover has a transient effect only on certain snowfall, but is blown away by wind in a plurality of days after the snowfall. Therefore, the designed spherical net knot 2 should be close to 5cm, and the diameter of the spherical net knot 2 of 3-5cm can play a corresponding role due to the existence of the connecting rope. From the actual effect, in the rope net laying area formed by the spherical net knots 2 and the connecting ropes, the thickest part of the accumulated sand layer is close to 2cm, and the thin part in the middle of the grid is more than 8mm, so that gravel can be effectively covered and the original surface soil can be protected. In addition, due to the limitation of materials, the weaving of rope nets with corresponding specifications is carried out on 8mm weaving ropes, knots of 3-5cm are easy to weave at the spherical net knots 2, the quantity of used materials and the weight of a final finished product are greatly influenced, the design materials are few, the finally formed net piece unit is light in weight, and the net piece unit is easy to carry and lay in implementation. The mesh sheet 1 had a length of 100cm and a width of 100 cm.
According to the design of the net sheet 1, a 1-2cm sand layer is formed by changing the laying mode of the net, the specification of the rope and the mesh specification of the net sheet 1, so that the ground surface is protected, and new stress on original plants is avoided.
Under the wind-force effect, the fine sand that transports is hindered in the rope net to accompanied organic matter, withered branch and seed etc. finally form one including rope net, sand soil layer, lamellar structure that plant seed combined together, this lamellar structure uses net piece 1 as the base, the fine sand, the mixture of organic matter and seed is with less than 2 cm's thickness, distribute on whole net piece 1, its framework can remain stable in the strong wind, form the new soil surface layer structure that contains plant seed simultaneously, surface soil recovery and vegetation have very big promotion effect to desert grassland degradation grassland, reached comparatively ideal effect.
The size of the grid is matched with the diameter of the braided rope and the spherical net knots 2, so that a continuous piece can be formed in the laying area, the thickness of the sand layer suitable for the growth of non-brush grass is suitable, and the original surface soil can be protected from being influenced by wind erosion.
Example 2: the method for promoting the surface soil recovery and the plant growth of the degraded grassland of the desert grassland by using the rope net structure in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps: (1) weaving a mesh sheet; (2) laying a fixed mesh; (3) supplementing water and nutrients; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) weaving a mesh sheet: weaving the net sheet 1 by using nylon ropes or nylon and cotton mixed weaving ropes as net head lines and warps and wefts;
(2) laying a fixed mesh: finding a relatively flat land on a degraded grassland, laying a plurality of meshes, and paving the meshes as flat as possible to ensure that each mesh knot of the mesh 1 is in contact with the ground; fixing the net sheets 1 on the ground by using reinforcing steel bars, steel nails or hard wood wedges as auxiliary fixtures, wherein each net sheet 1 is used as a simple sand accumulation and soil fixation unit; a plurality of meshes 1, the number of meshes 1 is set according to the required area, and the meshes are arranged in a separated way and uniformly distributed to form a mesh group; or the connection configuration is carried out at the distance of 10 cm;
(3) and (3) supplementing water and nutrients: after the sand is accumulated in the mesh 1, water and nutrients are supplemented. A water and nitrogen supplement was made during the grassland jointing phase, with 10 liters of water and 5 grams of nitrogen added to each of the mats 1.5 grams of nitrogen refers to the amount of nitrogen added calculated as pure nitrogen. In practice, the amount of fertilizer or fertilizer added containing 5g of nitrogen is calculated based on the nitrogen content of the fertilizer or the like added. For example, if urea is a nitrogen fertilizer containing about 46% nitrogen (based on the label of the particular commercial product), then the addition of 5 grams of nitrogen would correspond to an amount of urea of 10.87 grams.
Through our experiments, on desert grassland, after 5 months and 5 days, and until 6 months, various pastures in the grassland community generally enter the jointing stage (grassland plants enter the branch growth or jointing growth stage on the whole). The jointing stage is the period of rapid growth of plants, the period of spring and near summer on grassland, the biomass of the grassland community is restricted by precipitation and influenced by precipitation distribution in the year, especially the key of precipitation in spring and early summer, which not only determines the biomass of the community, but also influences the species composition of the community. At the same time, during such a rapid growth period, there is also a certain intensity demand for nutrient supply. The desert grassland soil is degraded in a large area at present, the soil nutrient is low, particularly the nitrogen content is very low, and investigation finds that the total nitrogen content of the inner Mongolia Sunit desert grassland soil is low, the highest content is only 1.04g/kg, the lowest content is only 0.01g/kg, and therefore the desert grassland soil also becomes a limiting factor for plant growth.
Based on this, we set 5g of nitrogen to be added, one is to meet the requirement of early growth, the other is to add more application to increase the cost, and the nitrogen is easily lost nutrient and is too much useless. The water addition varied greatly in natural precipitation, and the single precipitation varied greatly, so we set several different addition levels for comparison. The conclusion is that the best results are achieved by adding 10 liters of water to each customized mesh 1 and matching 5 grams of nitrogen: the important value of the stipa capillata in the community is increased, the aboveground biomass is increased, and the important value of the bindweed and the salsola collina in the community is reduced. This indicates that the colony structure of the grass vegetation is improving and the grass biomass is increasing under this treatment. Specific test data are shown in table 1.
Table 1: data table for comparison test of water and nitrogen addition
Note: 1. the numbers in the above table treatment represent the added water volume (L); 2. in the combination of the numbers with N, the numbers indicate the volume of added water (L), and N indicates the addition of 5g of nitrogen; 3. CK is without any addition.
The invention meets the requirements of plants on water and nutrients in spring and summer by adding a proper amount of water and nitrogen, and can lay a foundation for the later growth; and the manual intervention strength is increased, and the method can be implemented when the drought is more severe than usual in spring without depending on natural precipitation.
The best recovery effect can be formed by adding 10 liters of water and 5 grams of nitrogen into each net 1, and the biomass of the grass can be increased by 68% compared with the grassland biomass of the deteriorated grassland and by 44% compared with the grassland biomass of the net without water and nutrient addition in the grass-holding period (the grass-holding period refers to the period with the highest biomass in the growth cycle of grassland pasture, generally in 8 and 9 months, and then the biomass begins to decline and enters the withered and yellow period). The addition of water and nutrients is carried out once in the jointing stage of the grassland.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A rope net structure for promoting surface soil recovery and plant growth of a deteriorated grassland of a desert grassland is characterized by comprising a net piece woven by nylon ropes or nylon and cotton mixed woven ropes, wherein spherical net knots are woven at nodes of the net piece through the winding of the ropes.
2. The rope net structure for promoting the restoration of the surface soil of the deteriorated grassland of the desert grassland and the growth of plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the nylon rope or the nylon and cotton mixed braided rope is 8 mm.
3. The rope net structure for promoting the restoration of the surface soil of the deteriorated grassland of the desert grassland and the growth of plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the net pieces have a mesh length of 10cm and a mesh width of 10 cm.
4. The rope net structure for promoting the restoration of the surface soil of the deteriorated grassland of desert grasslands and the growth of plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the spherical net knots is 3-5 cm.
5. The rope net structure for promoting the restoration of the surface soil of the deteriorated grassland of the desert grassland and the growth of plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the net sheets have a length of 100cm and a width of 100 cm.
6. A method for promoting the surface soil restoration and the plant growth of a deteriorated grassland of a desert grassland by utilizing the rope net structure of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) weaving a mesh sheet; (2) laying a fixed mesh; (3) supplementing water and nutrients; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(1) weaving a mesh sheet: weaving the net sheet by using nylon ropes or nylon and cotton mixed weaving ropes as net lines and warps and wefts;
(2) laying a fixed mesh: finding a relatively flat land on a degraded grassland, laying a plurality of meshes, and paving the meshes as flat as possible to ensure that each mesh knot of the meshes is in contact with the ground; fixing the net sheets on the ground by using reinforcing steel bars, steel nails or hard wood wedges as auxiliary fixtures, wherein each net sheet is used as a simple sand accumulation and soil fixation unit; a plurality of meshes are arranged in a separated and evenly distributed manner to form a mesh group; or the connection configuration is carried out at the distance of 10 cm;
(3) and (3) supplementing water and nutrients: after the sand and soil are accumulated on the meshes, water and nutrients are supplemented.
7. The method for promoting the restoration of the surface soil of a deteriorated grassland of desert grasslands and the growth of plants as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water and nitrogen are supplemented once during the jointing stage of the grasslands, and 10 liters of water and 5 grams of nitrogen are added to each net.
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| CN116013408A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-25 | 北京大学 | Degraded grassland nutrient regulation time and threshold determination method |
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