CN112449786A - Novel nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Novel nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel nest type soil fixation and salt discharge soil improvement system and a construction method thereof, wherein the system comprises a nest type soil fixation net, an irrigation pipe network and a combined type culture medium filled in the nest type soil fixation net, and soil fixation or salt-tolerant plants are planted on the combined type culture medium; the nest type soil fixing net is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units; each soil fixing net unit comprises a soil fixing net wall forming a nest type soil fixing cave, a net piece supporting pull rod used for stretching and forming the nest type soil fixing net and a net piece fixing rod used for fixing the soil fixing net units on the ground, the problem of underground water and salt return seepage in saline-alkali soil reformation is solved, desertification can be prevented, and the soil fixing net unit has very important economic, practical and environmental values. The combined cultivation medium disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the medium is fully and reasonably configured from top to bottom, the survival rate and the long-term growth of plants are ensured, and the purpose of changing the deteriorated resources into the superior resources is really achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the continuous and deep economic development and the development of the rural land towards the centralized commercialization, 18 hundred million mu of cultivated land red line becomes more and more important bottom-keeping marker post. According to statistics, the number of various coastal beach lands in China is over 800 ten thousand mu, most of the beach lands are idle due to high salinity and high salt content, and even if the beach lands are utilized reluctantly, the yield of the planted crops is low, so that the economic benefit is difficult to achieve. In addition, along with the deterioration of the environment, the desertification of the land in China is more and more emphasized, and wind prevention, sand fixation and desert improvement are always the key points of environmental protection and the exploration edge of agricultural development.
The most common method for improving and utilizing the existing saline-alkali soil is foreign soil replacement or salt discharge by using a salt discharge pipe, the foreign soil replacement firstly needs a large amount of soil resources, the short-term effect is good, but underground water and salt can continuously permeate upwards, so that the newly replaced foreign soil is salinized and changed into 'secondary' salinized soil, and the long-term effect is poor. The salt discharge pipe needs to dig a pre-buried concealed pipe to implement the stain-reducing desalting technology, the cost of the pre-buried salt discharge pipe is relatively high, the pre-buried arrangement mode is exquisite, the construction is difficult, the oxidation resistance and the corrosion resistance of the salt discharge pipe are weak, and the salt discharge pipe is difficult to adapt to large-area land transformation.
The existing desert control mode is mainly to plant protective trees or combine with laying of irrigation pipelines to plant surface plants to improve ecology. Although the wind prevention and sand fixation functions of the protective tree species are good, the growth period is long, the early-stage investment cost is high, and the implementation period is long. The root system of the plant planted on the ground is shallow, and the plant can be pulled up with roots under the condition of large wind power or desert movement, so that the improvement of the severe environment cannot be adapted.
How to prevent wind and fix sand, discharge salt and discharge alkali and fully utilize coastal mudflat and desert lands and improve cultivated land soil becomes the research focus of the current agricultural land utilization, land resources are reasonably developed and utilized, and deteriorated resources are changed into dominant resources, so that the method has important significance for ensuring the food safety of China and protecting the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a novel nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system, which adopts a nest type soil fixation net and combines a combined type culture medium to realize the purposes of planting in sand and eliminating salt in saline-alkali soil. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
firstly, the invention provides a novel nest type soil fixation and salt discharge soil improvement system, which comprises a nest type soil fixation net, an irrigation pipe network and a combined type culture medium filled in the nest type soil fixation net, wherein soil fixation or salt-tolerant plants are planted on the combined type culture medium; the nest type soil fixing net is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units; each soil fixing net unit comprises a soil fixing net wall forming a nest type soil fixing cave, a net piece supporting pull rod used for stretching and forming the nest type soil fixing net, and a net piece fixing rod used for fixing the soil fixing net unit on the ground.
In the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, the soil fixing net wall of the soil fixing net unit is made of the carbon fiber reinforced special engineering composite material, and is provided with a pipeline through hole and a plurality of uniform holes, the pipeline through hole is used for laying an irrigation pipeline, and the uniform holes are used for communicating adjacent nest type soil fixing holes; the even hole comprises a water homogenizing hole and an air vent, the water homogenizing hole and the air vent are distributed in a mixed mode, and the aperture of the water homogenizing hole and the aperture of the air vent on the lower portion are larger than the aperture of the water homogenizing hole and the aperture of the air vent on the upper portion.
In the novel nest type soil fixation and salt discharge soil improvement system, the mesh sheet support pull rods are arranged around the soil fixation mesh units, and the mesh sheet fixing rods are arranged at the joint corners of each nest type soil fixation hole; the specification of the mesh fixing rods is smaller than that of the mesh support pull rods, and grounding ends extending out of the soil fixing mesh units are arranged.
In the novel nest type soil fixing and salt removing soil improving system, the edge of the soil fixing net unit is provided with the unit connector; the unit connector comprises a lap joint plate and a connecting hole formed in the lap joint plate, and the soil fixing net units are connected through corrosion-resistant screws.
In the novel nest type soil fixation and salt discharge soil improvement system, the combined culture medium sequentially comprises an original soil base layer, an osmosis regulation layer, a foreign soil filling layer, a composite medium layer and a capping sand layer from bottom to top; the original soil base layer is an original soil layer of a coastal mud flat or an original soil layer of a desert land; the permeation adjusting layer is a salt-removing and alkali-removing drenching layer laid on an original soil layer of the coastal mud flat or a water-retaining matrix layer arranged above the original soil layer of the desert land; the soil dressing filling layer and the composite matrix layer are used as planting layers, wherein the composite matrix layer is prepared according to the variety of the planted plants; the top sealing sandy soil layer is used for covering and pressing the composite matrix layer to prevent water flow scouring or wind blowing loss.
In the novel nest soil-fixing and salt-removing soil improvement system, the raw soil layer of the coastal mudflat is provided with a salt-removing groove, and the salt-removing and alkali-removing drenching layer is a coarse gravel layer and is laid in the salt-removing groove and above the raw soil layer of the coastal mudflat; the water-retaining matrix layer is paved above the original soil layer of the desert area.
Preferably, in the novel nested soil-fixing and salt-removing soil improvement system, the water-retaining matrix layer is formed by mixing bryophyte soil and peat, and the volume ratio of the mixture of the bryophyte soil and the peat is 1-3: 2-5.
In the novel nest type soil stabilization and salt discharge soil improvement system, the irrigation pipe network comprises an irrigation main pipe, irrigation branch pipes and water flow control valves arranged on the irrigation main pipe and the irrigation branch pipes; the irrigation main pipe is laid between the soil stabilization net units, the irrigation branch pipes are laid above the permeation adjusting layer and comprise drip irrigation pipes and hard alkali discharge pipes sleeved outside the drip irrigation pipes.
Secondly, the invention provides a construction method of the novel nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system, which comprises the following steps:
1) ploughing raw soil: ploughing the original soil of the coastal mudflat or the desert plot to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than the height of the grounding end of the mesh fixing rod, and arranging a salt discharge groove on the ploughing layer of the coastal mudflat;
2) laying an osmosis regulation layer: paving the coarse sand stones on the salt discharge tank and the original soil plough layer of the coastal mud flat to serve as a salt discharge and alkali removal drenching layer; spreading the mixed moss soil and peat on a plough layer of a desert land for water retention and storage;
3) stretching the nest type soil fixing net: tensioning the soil fixing net units, stitching the net piece supporting and pulling rods into original soil which is not ploughed, burying the nest type soil fixing net to the depth of the lower edge of the pipeline through hole on the wall of the soil fixing net, and fixing the shape of each nest type soil fixing hole through the net piece fixing rods;
4) laying an irrigation pipe network: laying an irrigation main pipe between the set soil stabilization net units, enabling irrigation branch pipes to penetrate through pipeline through holes in the soil stabilization net wall and be connected with the irrigation main pipe to form an irrigation pipe network, and connecting joints of the soil stabilization net units;
5) laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network is laid, laying transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole, and laying a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the laid composite matrix in a seedling transplanting or direct sowing mode, and then laying a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix, so as to prevent the composite matrix from being washed away by water flow or blown away by wind;
7) irrigation management: and controlling water flow in the main irrigation pipe and the branch irrigation pipes by using a water flow control valve on the irrigation pipe network, and leaching to remove salt and alkali or supplement water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system fixes the culture substrate in the saline-alkali soil or the sandy soil by adopting the nest type soil fixing net, and washes the saline-alkali components in the saline-alkali soil or supplements water through the irrigation pipe network. The problem of saline-alkali soil reconstruction groundwater salt back seepage is solved for various coastal beach lands, saline stains in saline-alkali soil can be cleaned through an irrigation network, coastal beach land resources are fully utilized, beach soil texture is reconstructed, and long-term planting effect can be guaranteed; for desert areas, the nest type soil fixation net is adopted to fix the culture medium, so that the desert soil is prevented from transferring along with wind while the nutrient basis is provided for desert planting, the problem of water shortage of the desert planting can be effectively solved under the action of drip irrigation and a water retention medium by the laid irrigation pipe network, the desert land can be well utilized while the land desertification is prevented, and the method has very important economic, practical and environmental values. In addition, the combined cultivation medium is adopted, and the medium is fully and reasonably configured from top to bottom; the composite matrix layer can provide a proper environment for seedling or planting germination and early growth, and the survival rate of the seedlings is ensured; the soil dressing filling layer suitable for planting ensures deep root nutrition of the plants and long-term growth of the plants; the infiltration adjusting layer utilizes an irrigation pipe network to provide water for plants and transform the soil on the lower layer; therefore, the method achieves the purposes of reasonably developing and utilizing coastal beach and desert land resources, truly changing the inferior resources into the superior resources, ensuring the food safety of China and having great significance for protecting the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the structure of the novel nest type soil-fixing and salt-discharging soil improvement system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a nested soil stabilization cavity structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a nest-type soil-fixing cave structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the composite cultivation substrate structure layer of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a nest type soil fixing net; 11/A, a nest type soil fixing cave; 12. fixing the soil net wall; 13. a mesh sheet stay bar; 14. a mesh fixing rod; 15. a ground terminal; 2. irrigating a pipe network; 21. irrigating a main pipe; 22. an irrigation branch pipe; 23. a water flow control valve; 3. a combined type culture medium; 31. a raw soil base layer; 32. a permeation modulating layer; 33. a foreign soil filling layer; 34. a composite matrix layer; 35. sealing a sandy soil layer; 4. a conduit through hole; 5. homogenizing holes; 51. water homogenizing holes; 52. air holes are formed; 6. a unit connector; 61. a lap joint sheet; 62. and connecting the holes.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The specific embodiment is as follows:
example 1
The embodiment is a novel nest type soil fixation and salt discharge soil improvement system, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1 to 4, and the system comprises a nest type soil fixation net 1, an irrigation pipe network 2 and a combined type culture substrate 3 filled in the nest type soil fixation net 1, wherein soil fixation or salt tolerant plants are planted on the combined type culture substrate 3; the nest type soil fixing net 1 is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units; each soil fixing net unit comprises a soil fixing net wall 12 forming a nest type soil fixing cave 11, a net piece supporting pull rod 13 used for stretching and forming the nest type soil fixing net 1, and a net piece fixing rod 14 used for fixing the soil fixing net unit on the ground. By adopting the nest type soil fixing net to fix the culture medium in the saline-alkali soil or the sandy soil and washing the saline-alkali ingredients in the saline-alkali soil or supplementing water to the desert planting through an irrigation pipe network, the problem of salt back seepage of the saline-alkali soil during transformation of the saline-alkali soil is solved, and the desert soil is prevented from transferring along with wind.
Specifically, in the novel nest type soil stabilization and salt rejection soil improvement system of the embodiment, the soil stabilization net wall 12 of the soil stabilization net unit is made of a carbon fiber reinforced special engineering composite material, and is provided with a pipeline through hole 4 and a plurality of uniform holes 5, the pipeline through hole 4 is used for laying an irrigation pipeline, and the uniform holes 5 are used for communicating the adjacent nest type soil stabilization holes 11; even hole 5 includes even water hole 51 and bleeder vent 52, even water hole 51 and bleeder vent 52 mixed distribution, and the even water hole 51 of lower part and the aperture of bleeder vent 52 are greater than the even water hole 51 of upper portion and the aperture of bleeder vent 52, this is because even hole 5 of lower floor need combine irrigation pipe network to wash saline-alkali or supply moisture for upper portion matrix, needs moisture ability rapid diffusion for the utilization, and the even hole 5 primary function on upper portion is ventilative, guarantees that plant roots grows. In this embodiment, the mesh bracing rods 13 are arranged around the soil stabilization mesh units, and the mesh fixing rods 14 are arranged at the intersection corners of each nest type soil stabilization holes 11; the specification of the mesh fixing rods 14 is smaller than that of the mesh support pull rods 13, and grounding ends 15 extending out of the soil fixing mesh units are arranged, so that the soil fixing mesh is conveniently fixed on the ground. In order to connect the soil fixation net units into a whole, unit connectors 6 are arranged at the edges of the soil fixation net units; unit connector 6 includes overlap joint piece 61 and the connecting hole 62 of setting on overlap joint piece 61, through epoxy screwed connection, or other corrosion-resistant screwed connection between the solid soil net unit, prevent saline and alkaline corrosion.
In the novel nested soil stabilization and salt elimination soil improvement system, the combined culture medium 3 sequentially comprises an original soil base layer 31, an osmosis regulation layer 32, a foreign soil filling layer 33, a composite medium layer 34 and a top-sealed sand soil layer 35 from bottom to top; the original soil base layer 31 is an original soil layer of a coastal mud flat or an original soil layer of a desert land; the osmosis regulating layer 32 is a salt-removing alkali-removing drenching layer laid on an original soil layer of the coastal mud flat or a water-retaining matrix layer arranged above the original soil layer of the desert land; the foreign soil filling layer 33 and the composite matrix layer 34 are used as planting layers, wherein the composite matrix layer 34 is prepared according to the types of planted plants; the top-sealed sand soil layer 35 is used for covering and pressing the composite matrix layer 34 to prevent water flow scouring or wind blowing loss. The original soil layer of the coastal beach is provided with a salt discharge groove which is designed to be inclined at an angle of 15-40 degrees, so that the flushed saline water can be conveniently discharged; the salt and alkali removing leaching layer is a coarse gravel layer and is laid in the salt discharging groove and above the original soil layer of the coastal mud flat; the water-retaining matrix layer is paved above the original soil layer of the desert area. In the implementation, the water-retaining matrix layer is preferably formed by mixing moss soil and peat, and the volume ratio of the moss soil to the peat is 1-3: 2-5, preferably 1:2 and 3: 5.
In addition, in this embodiment, the irrigation pipe network 2 includes an irrigation main pipe 21 and an irrigation branch pipe 22, and a water flow control valve 23 disposed on the irrigation main pipe 21 and the irrigation branch pipe 22; irrigate the main pipe 21 and lay between solid native net unit, irrigation branch pipe 22 is laid in infiltration adjustment layer 32 top, and it includes that drip irrigation pipe and cover establish the outside hard alkali-discharging pipe of drip irrigation pipe, and hard alkali-discharging pipe can not only protect and drip irrigation the pipe, and the matrix entering that can also separate on every side irritates the pipe hole, blocks up the expert. When the coastal beach soil is improved, drip irrigation is carried out on the coarse gravel layer through the irrigation branch pipe 22, saline and alkali in the original soil layer of the lower coastal beach is leached, and the saline and alkali is discharged through the salt discharge groove; when the soil is improved in desert control, the water is dripped into the water-retaining matrix layer mixed by the moss soil and the peat through the irrigation branch pipe 22, and the water is retained and permeates upwards for plants to use.
Example 2
The embodiment is a construction method for improving soil of a coastal mud flat and planting crops by using the novel nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system in embodiment 1, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
1) ploughing raw soil: the plowing depth of the coastal mudflat to be improved is not less than the height of the grounding end 15 of the mesh fixing rod 14, and the salt discharge groove is arranged on the plowing layer, the salt discharge groove is designed to be inclined, the angle is 15-40 degrees, and the flushed saline water can be conveniently discharged;
2) laying an osmosis regulation layer: laying coarse gravels on a salt discharge groove and a raw soil plough layer of the coastal beach to serve as a salt discharge and alkali removal drenching layer, carrying out drip irrigation on the coarse gravels layer by combining with an irrigation branch pipe 22, leaching the salt and alkali in the raw soil layer of the lower coastal beach, discharging the salt through the salt discharge groove, and preventing salt return;
3) stretching the nest type soil fixing net: tensioning the soil fixation net units, nailing the net piece support pull rods 13 into the original soil which is not ploughed, burying the nest type soil fixation net 1 to the depth of the lower edge of the pipeline through hole 4 on the soil fixation net wall 12, and fixing the shape of each nest type soil fixation hole 11 through the net piece fixing rods 14;
4) laying an irrigation pipe network: laying an irrigation main pipe 21 between the set soil stabilization net units, penetrating irrigation branch pipes 22 through pipeline through holes 4 on the soil stabilization net walls 12 and connecting the irrigation branch pipes with the irrigation main pipe 21 to form an irrigation pipe network 2, and connecting soil stabilization net unit connectors 6;
5) laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network 2 is laid, laying transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole 11, and laying a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the laid composite matrix in a seedling transplanting or direct sowing mode, and then laying a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix, so as to prevent the composite matrix from being washed away and lost by water flow;
7) irrigation management: the water flow in the main irrigation pipe 21 and the branch irrigation pipes 22 is controlled by the water flow control valve 23 on the irrigation pipe network 2, salt and alkali are leached and removed, and water and fertilizer can be sprayed on the upper part of the irrigation pipe network according to the growth condition of plants, and disease and insect management can be performed.
Example 3
The embodiment is a construction method for soil improvement and crop planting in a desert area by using the novel nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system in embodiment 1, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
1) ploughing raw soil: ploughing the raw soil of the desert plot to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than the height of the grounding end 15 of the mesh fixing rod 14;
2) laying an osmosis regulation layer: spreading the mixed moss soil and peat on a plough layer of a desert land for water retention and storage;
3) stretching the nest type soil fixing net: tensioning the soil fixation net units, nailing the net piece support pull rods 13 into the original soil which is not ploughed, burying the nest type soil fixation net 1 to the depth of the lower edge of the pipeline through hole 4 on the soil fixation net wall 12, and fixing the shape of each nest type soil fixation hole 11 through the net piece fixing rods 14;
4) laying an irrigation pipe network: laying an irrigation main pipe 21 between the set soil stabilization net units, penetrating irrigation branch pipes 22 through pipeline through holes 4 on the soil stabilization net walls 12 and connecting the irrigation branch pipes with the irrigation main pipe 21 to form an irrigation pipe network 2, and connecting soil stabilization net unit connectors 6;
5) laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network 2 is laid, laying transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole 11, and laying a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the laid composite matrix in a seedling transplanting or direct sowing mode, and then laying a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix, so as to prevent the composite matrix from being washed away by water flow or blown away by wind;
7) irrigation management: the water flow control valve 23 on the irrigation pipe network 2 controls the water flow in the irrigation main pipe 21 and the irrigation branch pipe 22 to supplement water, and water and fertilizer can be sprayed on the upper part and disease and pest management can be carried out according to the growth condition of plants.
In general, the system fixes the culture substrate in the saline-alkali soil or the sandy soil by adopting the nest type soil fixing net, and washes the saline-alkali components in the saline-alkali soil or supplements water through the irrigation pipe network. The problem of saline-alkali soil reconstruction groundwater salt back seepage is solved for various coastal beach lands, saline stains in saline-alkali soil can be cleaned through an irrigation network, coastal beach land resources are fully utilized, beach soil texture is reconstructed, and long-term planting effect can be guaranteed; for desert areas, the nest type soil fixation net is adopted to fix the culture medium, so that the desert soil is prevented from transferring along with wind while the nutrient basis is provided for desert planting, the problem of water shortage of the desert planting can be effectively solved under the action of drip irrigation and a water retention medium by the laid irrigation pipe network, the desert land can be well utilized while the land desertification is prevented, and the method has very important economic, practical and environmental values. In addition, the combined cultivation medium is adopted, and the medium is fully and reasonably configured from top to bottom; the composite matrix layer can provide a proper environment for seedling or planting germination and early growth, and the survival rate of the seedlings is ensured; the soil dressing filling layer suitable for planting ensures deep root nutrition of the plants and long-term growth of the plants; the infiltration adjusting layer utilizes an irrigation pipe network to provide water for plants and transform the soil on the lower layer; therefore, the method achieves the purposes of reasonably developing and utilizing coastal beach and desert land resources, truly changing the inferior resources into the superior resources, ensuring the food safety of China and having great significance for protecting the environment.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a novel nest type soil stabilization and salt elimination soil improvement system which characterized in that: comprises a nest type soil fixing net (1), an irrigation pipe net (2) and a combined type culture substrate (3) filled in the nest type soil fixing net (1), wherein soil fixing or salt-tolerant plants are planted on the combined type culture substrate (3); the nest type soil fixing net (1) is composed of a plurality of foldable latticed soil fixing net units; each soil fixing net unit comprises a soil fixing net wall (12) forming a nest type soil fixing hole (11), a net piece supporting pull rod (13) used for stretching and forming the nest type soil fixing net (1), and a net piece fixing rod (14) used for fixing the soil fixing net unit on the ground.
2. The novel nested soil stabilization and salt rejection soil improvement system according to claim 1, wherein: the soil fixing net wall (12) of the soil fixing net unit is made of carbon fiber reinforced special engineering composite materials, and is provided with a pipeline through hole (4) and a plurality of uniform holes (5), the pipeline through hole (4) is used for laying an irrigation pipeline, and the uniform holes (5) are used for communicating adjacent nest type soil fixing holes (11); the even hole (5) comprises a water homogenizing hole (51) and an air hole (52), the water homogenizing hole (51) and the air hole (52) are in mixed distribution, and the aperture of the water homogenizing hole (51) and the air hole (52) at the lower part is larger than that of the water homogenizing hole (51) and the air hole (52) at the upper part.
3. The novel nested soil stabilization and salt rejection soil improvement system according to claim 1, wherein: the mesh bracing and pulling rods (13) are arranged on the periphery of the soil fixation mesh units, and the mesh fixing rods (14) are arranged at the intersection corners of the nest type soil fixation holes (11); the specification of the mesh fixing rods (14) is smaller than that of the mesh support pull rods (13), and grounding ends (15) extending out of the soil fixing mesh units are arranged.
4. The novel nested soil stabilization and salt discharge soil improvement system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: unit connectors (6) are arranged at the edges of the soil fixation net units; the unit connector (6) comprises a lap joint sheet (61) and a connecting hole (62) formed in the lap joint sheet (61), and the soil fixation net units are connected through corrosion-resistant screws.
5. The novel nested soil stabilization and salt rejection soil improvement system according to claim 1, wherein: the combined cultivation medium (3) sequentially comprises an original soil base layer (31), an osmosis regulating layer (32), a foreign soil filling layer (33), a composite medium layer (34) and a capping sand soil layer (35) from bottom to top; the original soil base layer (31) is an original soil layer of a coastal mud flat or an original soil layer of a desert land; the osmosis regulating layer (32) is a salt-removing alkali-removing drenching layer laid on a coastal mud flat original soil layer or a water-retaining matrix layer arranged above an original soil layer of a desert land; the foreign soil filling layer (33) and the composite matrix layer (34) are used as planting layers, wherein the composite matrix layer (34) is prepared according to the types of planted plants; the capping sand layer (35) is used for covering and pressing the composite matrix layer (34) to prevent water flow scouring or wind blowing loss.
6. The novel nested soil stabilization and salt rejection soil improvement system according to claim 5, wherein: a salt discharge groove is arranged in the original soil layer of the coastal mud flat, and the salt discharge alkali removal drenching layer is a coarse gravel layer and is laid in the salt discharge groove and above the original soil layer of the coastal mud flat; the water-retaining matrix layer is paved above the original soil layer of the desert area.
7. The novel nested soil stabilization and salt rejection soil improvement system according to claim 6, wherein: the water-retaining matrix layer is formed by mixing bryophyte soil and peat, and the volume ratio of the mixing of the bryophyte soil and the peat is 1-3: 2-5.
8. The novel nested soil stabilization and salt discharge soil improvement system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the irrigation pipe network (2) comprises an irrigation main pipe (21), irrigation branch pipes (22) and water flow control valves (23) arranged on the irrigation main pipe (21) and the irrigation branch pipes (22); the irrigation main pipe (21) is laid between the soil stabilization net units, the irrigation branch pipes (22) are laid above the permeation adjusting layer (32) and comprise drip irrigation pipes and hard alkali discharge pipes arranged outside the drip irrigation pipes in a sleeved mode.
9. A novel construction method of a nest type soil fixation and salt elimination soil improvement system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) ploughing raw soil: ploughing the original soil of the coastal mudflat or the desert plot to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than the height of the grounding end (15) of the mesh fixing rod (14), and arranging a salt discharge groove on the ploughing layer of the coastal mudflat;
2) laying an osmosis regulation layer: paving the coarse sand stones on the salt discharge tank and the original soil plough layer of the coastal mud flat to serve as a salt discharge and alkali removal drenching layer; spreading the mixed moss soil and peat on a plough layer of a desert land for water retention and storage;
3) stretching the nest type soil fixing net: tensioning the soil fixation net units, nailing the net piece support pull rods (13) into original soil which is not ploughed, burying the nest type soil fixation net (1) to the depth of the lower edge of the pipeline through hole (4) on the soil fixation net wall (12), and fixing the shape of each nest type soil fixation hole (11) through the net piece fixing rods (14);
4) laying an irrigation pipe network: laying an irrigation main pipe (21) between the set soil stabilization net units, penetrating irrigation branch pipes (22) through pipeline through holes (4) on the soil stabilization net wall (12) and connecting the irrigation branch pipes with the irrigation main pipe (21) to form an irrigation pipe net (2), and connecting soil stabilization net unit connectors (6);
5) laying a planting layer: after the irrigation pipe network (2) is laid, laying transported alien soil suitable for planting in each nest type soil fixing hole (11), and laying a layer of suitable composite matrix according to the planted plants;
6) planting: planting the plant seedlings to be planted on the laid composite matrix in a seedling transplanting or direct sowing mode, and then laying a layer of sandy soil to cover the composite matrix, so as to prevent the composite matrix from being washed away by water flow or blown away by wind;
7) irrigation management: the water flow in the main irrigation pipe (21) and the branch irrigation pipes (22) is controlled by the water flow control valve (23) on the irrigation pipe network (2) to carry out leaching, salt removal, alkali removal or water supplement.
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| CN113455229A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Intertidal zone tidal flat vegetation planting device for intercepting suspended particles |
| CN115024042A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-09 | 滁州学院 | Land arrangement greening method |
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| CN113207345A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Saline-alkali soil improvement method for salt discharge by covering sand pipes |
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| CN113455229B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-04-01 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Intertidal zone tidal flat vegetation planting device for intercepting suspended particles |
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| CN115024042B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-12-08 | 滁州学院 | Land arrangement greening method |
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