JP2020174558A - Lighting structure for agricultural house - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a lighting structure for an agricultural house capable of restricting whole amount of sunlight entering a house body, and radiating at pin point, a sufficient amount of sunlight to cultured plants.SOLUTION: Since sunlight entered to a house body 10 from a slit-shaped light transmission part 22 of a lighting curtain 12 can be reflected to a culture bed by a mirror, the sunlight can be radiated at pin point to the culture bed without blocking the sunlight. Since a part other than the light transmission part 22 of the lighting curtain 12 blocks the sunlight, whole amount of the sunlight entering inside of the house body 10 is restricted, for suppressing temperature rise of inside of the house body 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a lighting structure of an agricultural greenhouse.

In the conventional agricultural house, in order to adjust the temperature inside the house body, a light-shielding curtain that can be opened and closed is provided on the roof surface, and the amount of sunlight incident on the house body is adjusted by the light-shielding curtain. In winter, in order to raise the temperature of the house, the blackout curtains are opened to open the entire roof surface, and a lot of sunlight is taken in from the roof surface. In summer, the roof surface is covered with blackout curtains to prevent the temperature of the house from rising. The blackout curtain has a predetermined transmittance (for example, 30%), and while blocking sunlight to prevent temperature rise, the minimum sunlight required for cultivation is introduced into the main body of the house (for example). , Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2018-1985579

However, in such a related technology, since the roof surface is covered with a light-shielding curtain in order to prevent the temperature rise inside the house body in summer, only sunlight corresponding to the transmittance of the curtain is given to the cultivated plant. I couldn't.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to such a related technique, and is for agriculture which can irradiate cultivated plants with sufficient sunlight pinpointly while limiting the total amount of sunlight incident on the house body. It is intended to provide a lighting structure for the house.

According to the first technical aspect of the present invention, there is a house body in which the side surfaces facing each other in the north-south direction, the end surface facing in the east-west direction, and the roof surface are each covered with a member having daylighting property. However, it is a daylighting structure of an agricultural house in which a plurality of cultivation beds along the east-west direction are arranged side by side in the north-south direction inside the house body, and the outside of the house body is along the side surface and the roof surface. A daylighting curtain that can move back and forth in the north-south direction is provided, and the daylighting curtain basically has a light-shielding property, and only the part corresponding to the roof surface has a slit-shaped light-transmitting part that corresponds to the cultivation bed. As many as the number are formed side by side in the north-south direction, and a long mirror along the east-west direction is rotatably provided inside the house body at a position corresponding to the daylighting part around the rotation axis along the east-west direction. The feature is that the position of the translucent portion on the roof surface of the daylighting curtain and the angle of the mirror are controlled so that the sunlight incident from the translucent portion is reflected by the mirror and directed toward the cultivation bed.

According to the second technical aspect of the present invention, the end surfaces on both sides of the house body are covered from the outside by a light-shielding curtain that can move up and down.

According to the third technical aspect of the present invention, the roof surface is flat and inclined in a south-facing state with the north side raised.

According to the first technical aspect of the present invention, a slit-shaped translucent portion is formed in the daylighting curtain covering the roof surface of the house body, and the sunlight incident on the house body from the translucent portion is cultivated by a mirror. Since it can be reflected toward, it is possible to irradiate the cultivation bed with pinpoint as it is without blocking any sunlight. Since the portion of the daylighting curtain other than the translucent portion blocks sunlight, the total amount of sunlight incident on the inside of the house body is limited, and the temperature rise inside the house body can be suppressed.

According to the second technical aspect of the present invention, since the wife surface of the house body is covered from the outside by a light-shielding curtain that can move up and down, the amount of sunlight incident from the wife surface is covered by this light-shielding curtain in summer. It can be adjusted by moving it up and down.

According to the third technical aspect of the present invention, since the roof surface is a flat surface inclined to the south, the angle of the daylighting curtain with respect to the incident direction of sunlight becomes large, and the light transmitting portion provided on the daylighting curtain More sunlight can be introduced into the house body. Further, since the roof surface is flat, all the translucent parts are exposed to sunlight at the same angle, and the same amount of sunlight can be evenly introduced from the translucent part to irradiate the cultivation bed.

A perspective view of the farm including the agricultural house. Top view of the farm including the agricultural house. Cross-sectional view of the farm showing the state of morning and evening. Sectional view of the farm showing the state of the day. A plan view showing a state in which the curtain is unfolded. The perspective view which shows the relationship between a translucent part and a mirror. A cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the translucent part in the morning and evening and the mirror. A cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the daytime translucent part and the mirror. Front view showing a mirror and a cultivation bed.

1 to 9 are views showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The north, south, east, and west directions are as shown in FIG.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a farm where all necessary energy can be supplied by renewable energy. This farm is composed of an agricultural house 1, a solar water heater 2, a photovoltaic power generation device 3, and an absorption chiller 4 (see FIG. 2). A cold water storage tank 5 is provided in the basement of the agricultural house 1, a hot water storage tank 6 is provided in the basement of the solar water heating device 2, and a storage battery 7 is provided below the photovoltaic power generation device 3.

The solar water heater 2 has a structure in which a plurality of known solar water heaters in which heat collecting tubes are housed via a vacuum heat insulating layer are installed inside a glass tube, and the hot water produced here is stored in a hot water storage tank 6. The photovoltaic power generation device 3 also has a structure in which a plurality of known solar panels are installed, and the electricity generated there is stored in the storage battery 7. The absorption chiller 4 can make cold water by using the heat of the hot water made by the solar water heater 2, and the cold water made by the absorption chiller 4 is the cold water storage tank 5 in the basement of the agricultural house 1. It is stored in. The cold water stored in the cold water storage tank 5 is circulated in the agricultural house 1 in the summer and used to lower the internal temperature. The hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 6 is used as a heat source for the absorption chiller 4, and is also used to circulate in the agricultural house 1 in winter to raise the internal temperature. A carbon dioxide tank 8 used for photosynthesis of plants is also installed in the agricultural house 1. In addition, a controller 9 is also provided to control all the temperatures in the farm and the operating parts in conjunction with each other.

Next, the structure of the agricultural house 1 will be described.

The agricultural house 1 is composed of a house body 10, an inner house 11, a lighting curtain 12, a blackout curtain 13, a mirror 14, and a cultivation bed 15.

The house main body 10 has a structure in which side surfaces 16 and 17 facing each other in the north-south direction, an end surface 18 facing each other in the east-west direction, and a roof surface 19 are formed of transparent glass, respectively. The roof surface 19 of the house main body 10 is a flat surface inclined to the south with the north side raised. An inner house 11 made of transparent vinyl is provided inside the house body 10 to enhance the heat insulating property of the house body 10.

Cultivation beds 15 along the east-west direction are provided in the house body 10 in five rows in the north-south direction. The cultivation bed 15 is for strawberry cultivation and has a predetermined height. A light-shielding curtain 13 that can move up and down is provided on the end surface 18 of the house body 10. The light-shielding curtain 13 is obtained by applying a light-shielding treatment to the entire surface of the synthetic resin film. The blackout curtain 13 is all lowered in winter, covers the wife surface 18 at a height according to the situation in summer, and adjusts the amount of sunlight L entering the house body 10 from the wife surface 18 side.

On the outside of the house body 10, a daylighting curtain 12 that can reciprocate in the north-south direction along the side surfaces 16 and 17 and the roof surface 19 is provided. Both ends of the daylighting curtain 12 are wound around a winding shaft 20 provided below the side surfaces 16 and 17. The daylighting curtain 12 is supported by guide rollers 21 provided on the upper portions of the side surfaces 16 and 17, and is in a state along the side surfaces 16 and 17 and the roof surface 19.

The daylighting curtain 12 wound by the winding shaft 20 is formed to be longer than the total length of the side surfaces 16 and 17 and the roof surface 19. The daylighting curtain 12 is basically a synthetic resin film whose entire surface is light-shielded, and a slit range A and a fully open range B are formed in the longitudinal direction thereof, respectively. The slit range A is the length corresponding to the roof surface 19, and the fully open range B is the length obtained by adding the side surfaces 16 and 17 to the roof surface 19.

In the slit range A, only five slit-shaped translucent portions 22 along the east-west direction corresponding to the cultivation bed 15 are formed side by side in the north-south direction. The light transmitting portion 22 is not subjected to a light shielding treatment, and sunlight L can be transmitted as it is. A translucent portion 23 having a size corresponding to the side surfaces 16 and 17 and the roof surface 19 is formed in the fully open range B. The light transmitting portion 23 is also not subjected to a light shielding treatment, and sunlight L can be transmitted as it is.

The slit-shaped translucent portion 22 is used mainly in summer, and the large translucent portion 23 is used mainly in winter. A motor 24 is provided at one end of each of the winding shafts 20 for winding the daylighting curtain 12, and each of the motors 24 is driven to make the required range of the daylighting curtain 12 correspond to the roof surface 19. The daylighting curtain 12 can be reciprocated by a required amount in the north-south direction according to the altitude of the sun during the day.

Further, inside the house main body 10, five rows of long mirrors 14 along the east-west direction are provided in the north-south direction at positions corresponding to the slit-shaped translucent portions 22. The mirror 14 has a rotation axis 25 along the east-west direction. By controlling the motor 26 provided at one end of the rotating shaft 25, the mirror 14 can rotate around the rotating shaft 25 in the forward and reverse directions. The cultivation bed 15 is provided with a light receiving sensor (not shown), and the illuminance of the cultivation bed 15 can be detected in a state where the sunlight L reflected by the mirror 14 is irradiated to the cultivation bed 15.

Next, the operation will be described.

In winter, it is necessary to raise the temperature inside the house body 10, so first, hot water is circulated from the hot water storage tank 6 into the house body 10 using a pipe (not shown). The light-shielding curtain 13 on the wife surface 18 side of the house body 10 is lowered so that light can be collected from the wife surface 18. Then, the winding shaft 20 is rotated to align the fully open range B of the daylighting curtain 12 with the side surfaces 16, 17 and the roof surface 19 of the house body 10, and the sunlight L is introduced from the entire surfaces of the side surfaces 16, 17 and the roof surface 19. It can be so.

The mirror 14 may be adjusted to the incident direction of the sunlight L so as not to interfere with the incident of the sunlight L, or the mirror 14 may be rotated to positively reflect the sunlight L toward the cultivation bed 15. Is also good. In that case, both the direct sunlight L and the reflected sunlight L irradiate the cultivation bed 15.

In the summer, in order to prevent the temperature of the house body 10 from rising too high, first, cold water is circulated from the cold water storage tank 5 into the house body 10 using a pipe (not shown). The light-shielding curtain 13 on the end surface 18 side of the house main body 10 is raised so that sunlight L does not enter from the end surface 18. Since the light-shielding curtain 13 can move up and down, it is possible to lower the light-shielding curtain 13 and introduce the necessary sunlight L from the wife surface 18 side when sunlight L is required depending on the weather of the day. ..

Then, the take-up shaft 20 is rotated so that the slit range A of the lighting curtain 12 matches the roof surface 19 of the house body 10. Since the side surfaces 16 and 17 are covered with a portion other than the slit range A of the daylighting curtain 12, the incident of sunlight L from the side surfaces 16 and 17 is prevented.

Since the slit range A corresponds to the daylighting curtain 12 corresponding to the roof surface 19, sunlight L is introduced into the house body 10 from the translucent portion 22 of the slit range A. At this time, since the roof surface 19 is a flat surface inclined to the south, the angle of the daylighting curtain 12 with respect to the incident direction of the sunlight L becomes large, and more sunlight is emitted from the light transmitting portion 22 provided on the daylighting curtain 12. L can be introduced into the house body 10. Further, since the roof surface 19 is on a flat surface, all the translucent portions 22 are directed to the sunlight L at the same angle, so that the same amount of sunlight L can be evenly introduced from the translucent portion 22. The sunlight L introduced into the house body 10 is reflected by the mirror 14 in the house body 10 and then irradiated toward the cultivation bed 15.

In the morning when the incident angle of the sunlight L is small, as shown in FIG. 7, the daylighting curtain 12 is located on the south side and is controlled so that the sunlight L from the translucent portion 22 is surely reflected by the mirror 14. Will be done. In FIGS. 6 to 8, the roof surface 19 and the inner house 11 are not shown.

Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the daylighting curtain 12 moves to the north side following the solar altitude toward the daytime when the altitude of the sun rises, and the sunlight L having a large incident angle is transmitted from the translucent portion 22 into the house body 10. It is introduced into the cultivation bed 15 and reflected by the mirror 14 to irradiate the cultivation bed 15. Then, in the evening, the lighting curtain 12 moves to the south side again, and the sunlight L is introduced into the house body 10 in the same state as in the morning. The reciprocating movement amount of the daylighting curtain 12 and the rotation angle of the mirror 14 are determined by the controller 9 of the motor 24 of the take-up shaft 20 and the mirror 14 according to the illuminance detected by the light receiving sensor (not shown) provided in the cultivation bed 15. Each of the motors 26 is controlled.

Since the cultivation bed 15 can be pinpointed without blocking the sunlight L incident through the translucent portion 22 of the daylighting curtain 12 in winter, sufficient sunlight L can be given to the cultivated plant. it can. Nevertheless, since the daylighting curtain 12 other than the light transmitting portion 22 is light-shielded, the total amount of sunlight L incident on the inside of the house body 10 is limited, and the temperature rise inside the house body 10 is suppressed. Can be done.

In the case of spring and autumn, the slit range A and the fully open range B are used properly according to the situation. In addition, a slit range having a translucent portion having an optimum width for spring / autumn may be separately provided in the length of the daylighting curtain 12, and the slit range may be used in the case of spring / autumn.

1 Agricultural house 10 House body 12 Daylighting curtain 13 Blackout curtain 14 Mirror 15 Cultivation bed 16, 17 Side 18 Wife side 19 Roof surface 22 Translucent part A Slit range B Fully open range L Sunlight

Claims (3)

The side surfaces facing each other in the north-south direction, the end face facing in the east-west direction, and the roof surface each have a house body covered with a transparent member, and cultivation along the east-west direction is inside the house body. It is a daylighting structure of an agricultural house where multiple beds are lined up in the north-south direction.
On the outside of the house body, a daylighting curtain that can move back and forth in the north-south direction along the side surface and the roof surface is provided, and the daylighting curtain basically has a light-shielding property and only the part corresponding to the roof surface is in the east-west direction. Along the slit-shaped translucent part is formed by arranging in the north-south direction in the number corresponding to the cultivation bed.
Inside the main body of the house, a long mirror along the east-west direction is rotatably provided around the rotation axis along the east-west direction at a position corresponding to the translucent part.
An agricultural house characterized in that the position of the translucent part on the roof surface of the daylighting curtain and the angle of the mirror are controlled so that the sunlight incident from the translucent part is reflected by the mirror and directed toward the cultivation bed. Daylighting structure. The lighting structure of an agricultural house according to claim 1, wherein the wife surfaces on both sides of the house body are covered from the outside by a light-shielding curtain that can move up and down. The lighting structure of an agricultural house according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the roof surface is flat and inclined in a south-facing state with the north side raised.

Images