RU2780742C1 - System of inclined beds for growing plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of crop production and can be used in the cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops and other plants. The system of inclined beds for growing plants contains beds with an angle of inclination up to 40 degrees to the south. There are horizontal passages between the beds. The beds are made increasing from south to north in height. Beds and passages have common vertical walls separating them, reinforced with sides having a height calculated taking into account the initial selected values of the width and angle of inclination of the beds, as well as their southern height. The walls of the passages located between adjacent beds have the same height.

EFFECT: increase in the level of insulation of beds, an expansion of the operational capabilities of the system of inclined beds, an increase in the convenience of their formation and maintenance.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs.

The invention relates to the field of crop production and can be used in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables and other plants. The level of technology.

From the prior art, a technical solution is known that is closest to the claimed technical solution, described in the book "The most useful handbook for a gardener and gardener" / P. F. Trannua - "Eksmo", 2016 (see https://iknigi.net/ avtor-pavel-trannua/123615-samaya-poleznaya-nastolnaya-kniga-sadovoda-i-ogorodnika-pavel-trannua/read/page-4.html), which provides a description of the beds with a triangular section (different from the traditional types of beds with rectangular section), which have a slight slope of 15% towards the sun, which allows such beds to receive additional solar heat by reducing reflection and provides good heating of the earth, the height of the beds is 15-20 cm, the width is 70-100 cm, the aisles are extremely narrow, have horizontal surface. Common features that coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention are: beds not with a rectangular cross section, having a slight slope of 15% towards the sun, the height of the beds is from 15-20 cm, between the beds there are aisles (passages). A technical problem that could not be solved using the closest analogue of the invention is the lack of solar energy required to warm the soil and grow plants, because. the beds (system of beds) offered in the closest analogue have the same height and a slight slope towards the sun, such a system of beds cannot fully imitate a natural slope. With almost the same height of sloping beds, it is impossible to achieve the maximum greater use of solar energy. In addition, the aisles in the above analogue are proposed to be made extremely narrow, and the beds to be formed in order to reduce the amount of work to remove weeds in the aisles, which significantly reduces the ease of maintenance of the beds and plants growing on them. The beds have a triangular cross-section, do not have sides, the shape of the beds is easy to break, being in the inter-ridges when weeding plants.

The technical result provided by the invention is to increase the level of insolation of the beds, expand the operational capabilities of the system of inclined beds, increase the convenience in their formation and maintenance, which is achieved by performing a system of inclined beds for growing plants, containing beds having an angle of inclination of up to 40 degrees to the south, between beds are horizontal passages, the beds are made increasing from south to north in height; beds and passages have common vertical walls separating them, reinforced with boards having a height calculated using a mathematical formula, taking into account the initial selected values of the width and angle of inclination of the beds, as well as their southern height, while the walls of the passages located between adjacent beds have the same height. Increasing the level of insolation of the beds is provided by:

- the implementation of beds that increase from south to north in height, creating a full-fledged imitation of a natural slope, and the walls of the passages located between any neighboring beds, equal in height, as a result of which the more southern bed does not obscure the more northern bed, the beds and plants receive equal amount of sunlight, and, in general, more solar energy,

- the possibility of choosing the angle of inclination of the beds, depending on the geographical latitude of the area in which the beds are formed, because the amount of energy falling per unit area per unit time depends on many factors, incl. on the geographical latitude of the area and on the angle of inclination of the surface on which the radiation falls, with respect to the sun. Deviation of the angle of incidence of the sun's rays on the receiving surface of the earth from 90° leads to a decrease in the amount of energy per unit area. Choosing the angle of inclination of the beds depending on the geographical latitude of the area, i.e. depending on the angle of incidence of sunlight in a given area, it is possible thereby to increase the level of absorption of sunlight by the soil, the higher the geographical latitude, the greater the value of the angle of inclination of the beds.

The expansion of the operational capabilities of the system of inclined beds is provided by:

- the presence of boards reinforcing (fixing) the walls of the beds, the height of which can be calculated using a mathematical formula, taking into account the initial selected values of the width and angle of inclination of the beds, as well as their southern height, which allows you to determine the height of the sides, both individual beds and the entire system of beds in general, the angle of inclination of the beds is chosen depending on the geographic latitude of the area according to the principle that the higher the geographic latitude, the more it is recommended to make a slope, that is, the norther the area, the more important the slope of the soil. Thus, the proposed system of inclined beds, imitating a natural slope, can be formed in any area by choosing the appropriate angle of inclination of the beds in order to obtain insolation as efficiently as possible.

Increasing convenience in the formation and maintenance of inclined beds is provided by:

- the presence of boards that strengthen the common vertical walls separating the beds and passages, and which fix the shape of the side walls of the beds during their formation, and also prevent the possible violation of the shape of the beds during their maintenance,

- the ability to choose any width of passages, convenient for servicing the beds. Brief description of the drawings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 is a sectional side view of the sloping bed system (located in the vegetation on a south-facing horizontal surface), FIG. 2 shows a sectional side view of a fragment of a system of inclined beds (located in a greenhouse typical of homestead and summer cottages). The greenhouse is oriented in length from east to west, so that, first of all, its southern side is open to the sun. The positions in the figures are:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - sloping beds,

6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - horizontal passes,

11 - the southern walls of the beds, reinforced with sides, which are at the same time the northern walls of the passages (except for the southern wall of the first bed),

12 - the northern walls of the beds, reinforced with sides, which are at the same time the southern walls of the aisles,

13 - vegetarian,

14 - greenhouse.

Implementation of the invention.

The system of inclined beds for growing plants contains beds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 increasing from south to north in height, each of which has an angle of inclination to the south, selected depending on the geographical latitude of the area when the upper limit of the angle value is 40 degrees, above which maintenance of sloping beds is difficult. Between the beds there are horizontal passages 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The beds and passages have common vertical walls 11, 12 separating them, while the southern walls of the beds 11 are at the same time the northern walls of the passages, except for the southern wall of the first bed, and the northern the walls of the beds 12 are at the same time the southern walls of the aisles. Each bed with a width of B _i (where _i is the number of the bed) has a southern wall with a height of h _i and a northern wall with a height of H _{i .} +tgα*B _i , where i is the bed number, H _i is the height of the northern wall of the bed, h _i is the height of the southern wall of the bed, B _i is the width of the bed, α is the selected angle of inclination of the beds to the sun. The height of the northern wall of any bed is equal to the height of the southern wall of the bed following it (to the south), which is determined by the mathematical relationship h _i \u003d H _(i-1) - the height of the northern wall of the bed, provided that i is not equal to one. Those. the height of the walls of each passage located between adjacent beds is equal. The proposed system of inclined beds for growing plants can be used both when growing plants on open ground and in greenhouses of various types 13 (vegetarian), 14 (greenhouse) and may contain a given number of beds. The maximum height of the northernmost bed is limited by the optimal value at which convenient conditions for its maintenance are maintained, and which depends on the value of the selected values: the angle of inclination of the beds, the height of the southern side of the southernmost bed, the width of the beds.

The system of inclined beds for growing plants can be formed as follows.

In the absence of a southern slope that meets the requirements on the ground and in order to avoid the formation of an expensive artificial bulk slope that requires a large amount of excavation, the proposed system of inclined beds is used on a horizontal site with the height of the beds increasing from south to north to simulate the required southern slope, providing equal degrees of sunlight for all beds. Passages between beds remain horizontal and convenient for operation. The system of sloping beds can contain a different number of beds, while it is possible to calculate the parameters of both individual beds and the entire system as a whole, containing beds in the amount of two or more. The angle of inclination of the beds to the south is chosen depending on the geographic latitude of the area, the higher the geographic latitude, the more it is recommended to make a slope, the more northerly the area, the more important the slope of the soil, when choosing the angle of inclination, it is also necessary to take into account the dependence of the amount of absorbed solar energy on the position of the sun during days in different months of the year, but at the same time, with an increase in the angle of inclination above 40 degrees, difficulties may arise in maintaining the system of inclined beds, problems arise with certain types of irrigation. Considering all factors, the most optimal values for the angle of inclination of the beds are in the range from 5 to 20 degrees, which is stated by various experts in the field of crop production, who have studied the issue of choosing the optimal angle of inclination of the beds and have proved this statement with their experiments (see https://vsaduidoma.com /2017/08/17/naklonnaya-teplaya-gryadka-svoimi-rukam shema-i-konstrukciya/; https://gubernia.media/number_36/20.php and others). The order of forming a system of inclined beds for growing plants is the same, both when growing plants on open ground, and when growing plants in greenhouses of different types 13, 14.

As an example, in the description of the invention and in FIG. 1 shows the order of formation of a system of inclined beds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with passages 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 in the vegetation on a horizontal surface. 13. The beds and aisles have common vertical walls 11, 12 separating them. The southern walls of the beds 11 are also the northern walls of the aisles, except for the southern wall of the first bed, and the northern walls of the beds 12 are also the southern walls of the aisles. In this example, the angle of inclination of the beds a is chosen to be 12 degrees, the height of the southern wall of the beds 1 h _i =0.15 m, the width of all beds B is the same and is 0.50 m (selectable value), as well as the selected width of these passages. According to the angle of inclination α, the height of the southern wall of the bed (h ₁ ) and the value of the width of the first bed B _i determine the height of the northern wall of this bed H ₁ =h ₁ +tg12*B). For the second bed, H ₂ \u003d h ₂ + tgl2 * B ₂ , etc. At the same time, so that the more southern bed 1 does not obscure the more northern bed 2, the condition h ₂ \u003d H ₁ is satisfied, that is, the height of the walls of the horizontal passages between bed 1 and bed 2 is equal. The maximum height of the northern wall of the last bed H ₅ in this example will be 0.68 m, which is quite acceptable for the height of modern "high" beds. The vertical southern walls 11 and the northern walls 12 separating the beds and passages are strengthened (fixed), incl. to save the shape of the beds, the sides, the height of which is calculated after choosing the width of the beds, the passages between them, the angle of the beds to the sun using the mathematical formula H _i =h _i +tgα×В _i , where i is the bed number, B _i is the width of i - beds, α - angle of inclination to the sun. In this case, h _i =Н _(i-1) , provided that i is not equal to one. The shape and dimensions of the boards correspond to the shape and size of the walls 11, 12. Various rigid materials are used as materials for the manufacture of the boards of the beds, for example, metal, wood, the now popular wood-polymer composite (WPC), etc. In Fig. 1, the dashed line shows the boundaries of the artificial slope of the vegetation, which would have to be poured, in the absence of a natural land slope to the south, to achieve the same angle of inclination to the sun, equal to 12 degrees, as in the example with sloping beds. The width of the vegetation in the above example is 5 m, if necessary, the vegetation can be expanded by building on its eastern or western side a similar vegetation. To achieve the maximum use of solar energy, stunted plants are planted in the more southern beds so that they do not shade the plants in the more northern beds from the sun, and taller plants are placed in the northern beds, the further north, the higher the plants.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the greenhouse 14, having a width of 2.5 m, with a system of inclined beds 1, 2, 3 with horizontal passages 6, 7.

The greenhouse is oriented along its length from east to west, so that its southern side is open to the sun. The procedure for calculating the parameters of the system of inclined beds in the greenhouse 14 is similar to the calculation of the parameters of the system of inclined beds in the vegetation 13.

It is believed that at high angles of inclination of the beds, problems can arise with certain types of irrigation, which are reduced with normal looseness of the soil. It should be noted that with a large angle of inclination of the beds, preference may be given to drip irrigation with droppers stuck into the soil in the region of the plant stem.

Claims (9)

1. The system of inclined beds for growing plants, containing beds having an angle of inclination up to 40 degrees to the south, between the beds there are horizontal passages, characterized in that the beds are made increasing from south to north in height, the beds and passages have common vertical walls separating them , reinforced with sides having a height calculated by the formula: H _i =h _i +tgα×B _i , where i - bed number from the south, H _i - the height of the northern wall of the garden, h _i - the height of the southern wall of the garden, In _i - the width of the beds, α - the selected angle of inclination of the beds to the sun, while the walls of the passages located between adjacent beds have the same height. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the beds is selected depending on the geographical latitude of the area.

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