RU2351151C1 - Method of increasing resistance of organism of broilers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention pertains to feeding birds. The method is based on that, immunostimulants in form of an organic selenium preparation, together with an inorganic selenium preparation, are added during the later periods of feeding birds in the first five days of their life, in rations of 0.2 mg per kg of combined feed on active substance. The selenium preparations are added together in ratio of the organic form to the inorganic form of 1:1. The inorganic form is sodium selenite and the organic form is Sel-Plex. In the rest of the feeding period, the complete dose of sodium selenite is added to the broiler feed.

EFFECT: invention increases broiler output.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to methods of correcting immunity, increasing the body resistance of farm animals and poultry, in particular broilers, and can be used both in large poultry farms and in private or private farms.

The well-known "Method of growing chickens", in which to increase the resistance and accelerate the growth of chickens as an anabolic agent, a nucleopeptide from spleen tissue is used, which is administered once to day old chickens at a dose of 2.0-6.0 mg per 1 m ³ in a closed hermetic room by spraying with an aerosol generator mixed with glycerin and water (see AS No. 1359923, A01K 67/02, 07/04/85).

Some of the disadvantages of this method include the fact that such a preparation is not serially produced and for processing chickens it is necessary to place them in an airtight chamber, which can cause additional stress and additional processing costs in chickens.

The “Method for stimulating humoral and cellular immunity during cold exposure” is also known, in which the drug Epsorin is orally administered to animals as an immunostimulant daily for 5 days at a dose of 0.5 ml / kg. (see RF Patent No. 2142809, A61K 35/36, publ. 12/20/99. BI No. 35).

The disadvantages of the method include the fact that "Epsorin" is made from antler reindeer and it is an expensive drug, used mainly in medicine as a therapeutic drug.

Also known is the Kisolan Feed Supplement and its feeding method, which is recommended to strengthen the immune system, increase safety and feed the bird at a dose of 0.5-0.4 g / kg in order to increase feed digestibility. (see RF Patent No. 2211578, A23K 1/08, 1/16, publ. 09/10/2003. BI No. 25).

Such a feed additive contains a non-toxic organic compound of selenium - dimethylpyrazolyl selenide.

However, with good efficacy of the drug, the simple application of the recommendation needs to be clarified, in particular, in relation to the forms, doses and timing of the administration of immunostimulants, especially those containing selenium preparations used in raising chickens in the early postembryonic age and when broilers are fed.

It is also known that "increased viability of chickens was observed when using organic selenium in the diet" (see Selenium in the diets of farm birds. // Bio. Bio. Uralbiovet. No. 10 (13) October 2001. S. 29-32).

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of increasing the body's resistance and the safety of broilers while increasing their productivity and justifying the doses and forms of administering selenium-based immunostimulants with a minimum of costs for growing broilers to produce high-quality food products in poultry farming while expanding the range of immunostimulants used.

The problem is solved in that when using the dry type of compound feed feeding in the starter diet of chickens in the first five days of their life, together with the inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenite), Sel-Plex, an organic form of selenium, is introduced into the diet, preserving the total dose of the active substance selenium in the recommended norm, while drugs as an immunostimulant are administered in a ratio of organic and inorganic forms as 1: 1, while sodium selenite is used as an inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenium acidic (Na ₂ SeO ₃ )), and “Sel-Plex” is introduced into the feed as an organic form of selenium, and the total dose is 0.2 mg of selenium element per kg of feed. Selenium preparations in the complex for the new purpose are introduced into the feed as part of a general premix, while in the subsequent feeding period (after 5 days), selenium is introduced into the feed in inorganic form in the form of sodium selenite in a full dose.

An unobvious effect of the proposed method for increasing the resistance of broilers is that due to the combined introduction of broilers into the starter diet as a stimulant of the Sel-Plex preparation with sodium selenite according to the proposed scheme, chickens achieve increased safety and increase their mass by the end of broiler feeding at a minimum cost on the cultivation and without the use of additional synthetic growth stimulants, immunomodulators or antibiotics, receiving environmentally friendly additional products fr of livestock production, only due to the experimental and theoretically justified use of doses of selenium in organic and inorganic forms for a new purpose, expanding the range of immunostimulants.

After conducting numerous laboratory studies and stage experiments of the proposed method for increasing the resistance of the chicken body with the rationale for the joint introduction of Sel-Plex and sodium selenite in the starter diet to increase the resistance of the broiler organism and to obtain positive results, experimental production tests and studies were conducted under conditions industrial production at the poultry farm.

Production studies to substantiate the method and the proposed immunostimulant were carried out in the broiler growing workshop at the Sredneuralskaya poultry farm using dry feed and drip drinkers. The whole experiment was carried out in building No. 9, groups of broilers were put in KBU-3 cages.

The material for the study was broilers of the cross "Smena-4". The main active stimulating part of the experiment is the period from daily to 5 days of age (starter diet), and from 6 to 42 days the continuation (aftereffect) of the experiment (the usual diet of compound feed for all groups with selenium in the form of sodium selenite at a dose of 0.2 mg / kg compound feed).

Broilers in the experiment were divided into groups. During the experiment, the living conditions of the experimental and control groups of broilers were the same, subject to the optimal zoohygienic microclimate parameters.

For the experiment, three groups of broilers were formed in the daily age of 80 heads of males and hens in each group according to the experimental design (Table 1).

The studied doses of drugs to increase resistance were included in the premix from daily to 5 days of age. From the sixth day of life, chickens of all groups were transferred to a common diet provided for by the poultry feeding scheme, which includes 0.2 mg of selenium element in the form of sodium selenite per kilogram of feed.

Used sodium selenite (sodium selenic acid) TU6-09-17-209-88 qualifications "Ch" and "Sel-Plex" company "Biotechnological center Alltek" Ireland, ND No. 13-5-2 / 1062.

At the end of the experiment, immunological organs for morphological examination and blood for biochemical studies were taken from three goals from 1, 2, 3 groups of broiler chickens.

Experience outline

Table 1 Group Gender - Goals Heads The form and dose of selenium in the diet 1 - Control according to the accepted growing technology Males - 80 160 Inorganic form - sodium selenite - 0.2 mg / kg of feed for the active substance Chickens - 80 2 - Control Males - 80 160 Organic form "Sel-Plex" - 0.2 mg / kg of feed for the active substance Chickens - 80 3 - Experienced with a stimulating effect Males - 80 160 Inorganic form - Sodium Selenite - 0.1 mg / kg + Sel-Plex organic form - 0.1 mg / kg of feed Chickens - 80

During the experiment, the following indicators were taken into account.

1. The live weight of the bird was determined by individual weighing of young animals at the age of one day and then weekly during the entire growing period.

2. The safety of birds was calculated as a percentage of the initial livestock for the entire period as a whole.

3. For histological examination, the organs of slaughtered broilers were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, carried out on alcohols, poured into paraffin blocks. Sections 3-5 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and subjected to light microscopy.

The economic efficiency of the proposed method was determined by the calculation method according to the research results.

The resulting material was processed by the method of variation statistics using a PC and the program "Microcoft Excel".

When put to experience in daily age, the average weight of chickens was 43.7 g.

The analysis of the dynamics of live weight was additionally carried out in accordance with the gender of the chickens. Table 2 presents the dynamics of the live weight of broilers.

From table 2 it is seen that throughout the growing period, starting from the first week of life, in the experimental subgroup of broilers, the maximum tendency to increase live weight was observed.

At two weeks of age, the live weight of chickens in this group was higher than in the control, by 5.5% and by 8.8%, than in the second. At the end of the third week of cultivation, the live weight of broilers that received the combined form of inorganic and organic selenium as an immunostimulator in the early postembryonic period exceeded the control by 2.1% and the second group by 3.7%.

At the age of four weeks, the live weight of the broiler males of the experimental group was significantly higher compared with the control by 3.9% (p <0.05), and in comparison with the second group, by 10.5%. The live weight of broilers of the second group at the end of four weeks of age, using only the organic form of selenium as a norm in the first 5 days of life as a control, was significantly lower than the control by 6.4% (p <0.05). At five weeks of age, there was an excess of live weight of the third group, compared with the first control, by 2.2%, and in relation to live weight of broilers of the second group by 8.0%. At this age, there was a significant decrease in the live weight of broilers of the second group compared to the first control by 5.7% (p <0.05). At the end of the growing period, the live weight of broilers of the experimental group was higher than the control of the first group by 0.3%, the second group by 3.3%, which shows the stimulating effect of the proposed method.

At the age of four weeks, the chickens had the maximum live weight of broilers, in the starting diet of which, as the immunostimulant, the combined form of inorganic and organic selenium was normal, and amounted to 991.8 g, which is 0.5% higher than in the control, and 3.2% more than in the second control group. At the age of 35 days, the superiority of live weight of hens of the third group remained: in relation to the first control - by 0.7%, to the second - by 3.5%. At the end of the experiment, a steady increase in the live weight of broilers of the third group was observed, compared with the control.

The most important indicator characterizing the viability and resistance of the organism of chickens is their safety over the growing period. Increasing the percentage of safety allows to reduce production costs for growing livestock.

Data on the safety of the experimental livestock are presented in table 3.

Table 3 The safety of broiler stocks during the experiment Group Preservation,% Petushkov Chicken Average 1 - control 95 one hundred 97.5 2 - control 96.25 96.25 96.25 3 - experienced one hundred 98.75 99.37

As can be seen from table 3, during the growing period, the highest safety was in the third group and amounted to 99.37%, which is 1.87% higher than in the first control, and 3.12% higher than in the second control group .

Considering the results obtained on the safety of the poultry stock, we can conclude that introducing selenium into the composition of the starting diet of broilers as an immunostimulant (for a new purpose) in the form of a joint inorganic and organic form at a norm (in a 1: 1 ratio) ensures an increase in the safety of chickens.

One of the progressive methods for detecting changes in the body of broilers under the influence of various biologically active additives and immunostimulants is the study of the organs of the immune system with subsequent histological evaluation. Analysis of tissues at the level of their microscopic organization allows us to reveal the processes that determine changes at the tissue level, and along with other studies, we can determine the degree of influence of a biologically active substance - a stimulant, in particular, forms of selenium when co-administered.

The purpose of the morphological study in the experiment was: to study the changes that occur in the organs of the broiler’s immune system when used together for a new purpose as an immunostimulant of the inorganic and organic forms of selenium introduced in the ratio 1: 1 into the diet of the early postembryonic period of ontogenesis to increase the resistance of the broiler organism.

A histological examination of thymus preparations at 13 days of age in broilers of the second group determined the pronounced differentiation of the cortical and medulla. Thymocytes were not changed. Lymphoid elements and epithelial component without structural changes. In the medulla, pronounced plethora of the vessels of the microvasculature was determined. No other structural changes were found.

In the third experimental stimulating group in the thymus, the boundaries between the cortical and medulla were erased. The pronounced plethora of the vessels of the cortical and medulla, as well as the trabecular vessels, was determined. In the medulla, only a few thymocytes (Gassal's bodies) showed signs of protein dystrophy.

At the age of 38 days, in the third group in the thymus, the boundary between the cortical and medulla was determined in most lobules. In part of the lobules, these borders were erased. Unlike the second group, only focal plethora of venous sinuses and dystrophy of individual thymocytes were determined in the medulla of the thymus of chickens of the third group.

In the control group of broilers, in the diet of which included inorganic selenium, in the thymus was determined: thinning of the cortical substance in segments; an increase in the area of the brain substance; pronounced plethora of venous sinuses in the medulla. Interstitial edema, focal exposure of the stroma was noted. Part of the thymocytes was with signs of dystrophy in the form of vacuolization of the cytoplasm and karyolysis of the nuclei.

Thus, a morphological study of broiler thymus revealed that at the end of the poultry growing period broiler thymus was noticeably different, consuming both organic and inorganic forms of selenium as an immunostimulant. There were no obvious pathological changes.

A comparative morphological study of the liver of broilers of 13 days of age revealed the following processes.

In the second group in the liver were determined: focal plethora of the central veins and veins of the portal tracts; focal lymphoid infiltrates in the portal tracts and in the organ parenchyma.

In the third group, a moderately pronounced interstitial edema with the expansion of sinusoidal spaces was observed in the broiler liver. Anemia of the central veins and veins of the portal tracts was not determined, but in this case, moderate lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was determined in the portal tracts. The following were determined in the organ parenchyma: multiple round-cell infiltrates of different sizes; lymphoid formations as lymphoid follicles. No signs of hepatocyte dystrophy were found - a positive phenomenon of the stimulating drug.

In the control group treated with inorganic selenium, the lumen of the sinusoids was widened in the liver, and signs of interstitial edema were determined. In one case, out of 3, focal necrosis of the organ parenchyma, localized under the capsule, without a perifocal cell reaction was determined. In all cases, focal lymphoid infiltration of the portal tracts was determined. Small focal lymphoid infiltrates were found in the organ parenchyma. The congestion of the central veins and veins of the portal tracts was also determined. Hepatocytes were with signs of moderate protein dystrophy (negative effects).

At the age of 38 days, a morphological analysis of the liver of experimental broilers revealed the following.

In the second group, pronounced interstitial edema with the expansion of sinusoidal spaces was determined in the liver of broilers. Hepatocytes had signs of small-drop and large-drop fatty degeneration. The central veins and veins of the portal tracts are full-blooded. Focal perifortal, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was determined. In the parenchyma of the organ, multiple necrosis was determined with a peripheral cell reaction (negative).

In the third group in the liver of broilers were determined: moderately pronounced interstitial edema with the expansion of sinusoid spaces; focal plethora of central veins and sinusoids. Focal, small-sized infiltrates were noted in the parenchyma. Part of the hepatocytes of the organ were with signs of minor vacuole dystrophy.

In the first control group, pronounced interstitial edema was noted in the liver. In most cases, sites of necrosis with a peripheral cell response were determined in the organ parenchyma. The central veins and veins of the portal tracts were sharply expanded, full-blooded. Multiple cell infiltrates were observed.

Thus, at the end of the feeding period, broilers of all groups revealed pathological processes that are represented by granular dystrophy of hepatocytes, expansion of sinusoids, and the appearance of single or multiple lymphoid cells in them. Against the background of all compared groups, pathological processes in the third group are less pronounced. This suggests that the use of co-selenium in organic and inorganic forms in the ratio of 1: 1 in the norm in the early postembryonic period as an immunostimulator promotes the normalization of metabolic processes in broiler liver.

The studies also found that the main hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler blood before slaughter were within the physiological norm, but there were some differences between the groups (Table 4).

Table 4 Hematological and biochemical parameters of broiler blood Blood count Floor Group 1 - control 2 - control 3 - experienced Red blood cells, mln / μl P 2.64 ± 0.32 2.68 ± 0.32 2.70 ± 0.05 TO 2.18 ± 0.32 1.26 ± 0.08 * 2.26 ± 0.32 Hemoglobin, g / l P 84.4 ± 5.08 86.8 ± 3.61 89.2 ± 6.25 TO 76.4 ± 5.15 85.6 ± 0.75 89.2 ± 4.92 White blood cells, thousand / μl P 31.8 ± 3.72 36.8 ± 2.96 28.0 ± 2.28 TO 24.6 ± 2.23 23.4 ± 0.51 25.8 ± 2.97 Total protein, g / l P 36.2 ± 2.06 37.0 ± 2.46 37.9 ± 1.00 TO 38.6 ± 0.93 32.4 ± 2.58 * 39.8 ± 2.71 Calcium, mmol / L P 3.36 ± 0.26 3.07 ± 0.22 3.48 ± 0.13 TO 3.64 ± 0.31 2.93 ± 0.17 * 3.23 ± 0.2 Phosphorus, mmol / L P 3.95 ± 0.78 3.22 ± 0.66 4.83 ± 0.38 TO 4.28 ± 0.69 3.01 ± 0.51 4.28 ± 0.77 Note: * - p <0.05

In the blood of broilers (Table 4) at the age of 38 days, the following changes were noted. In the third group, broiler males under the influence of feeding in the first five days of life as an immunostimulator of a combination of inorganic and organic selenium showed a slight increase in the number of red blood cells compared with the control by 2.3%, and in relation to the group of males using only organic selenium ( second group: organic selenium at a rate of 0.2 g / t), by 0.7%. The amount of hemoglobin in males of the third group was 5.9 higher than in the control and the second group; 2.8% respectively. The leukocyte count in males of the third group was lower, compared with the control group, by 13.6%. An increase in the total number of leukocytes in males of the second group was noted in relation to the first control by 11.9%.

When studying the biochemical parameters of blood, it was found that feeding a combination of inorganic and organic selenium to increase the body's resistance to broiler males during the pre-start period led to an increase, in comparison with the control and second groups, of the total protein - by 4.7; 2.4%; total calcium - by 3.6; 13.4%; inorganic phosphorus - by 22.3; 50% respectively.

Analyzing the hematological blood parameters of broiler chickens at the end of the feeding period, it should be noted that the inclusion of a combination of inorganic and organic selenium in the diet of the start period contributed to an increase in the content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in broilers of the third group. The number of red blood cells in chickens in the third group was higher by 3.7; 79.4%; hemoglobin - by 16.8; 4.2%, compared with the control and second groups, respectively.

The results of a biochemical analysis of blood of broiler hens showed that the normal use of inorganic and organic selenium had the most effective stimulating effect on the concentration of total protein in blood serum. So, in the third group of broilers, the total protein was higher, compared with the control, by 3.1% and by 22.8%, than in the second group.

Thus, the analysis of hematological and biochemical blood tests showed that the inclusion of a combination of an inorganic and organic form of selenium in the starting diet to increase the resistance of broilers has the most stimulating effect on erythropoiesis, the synthesis of hemoglobin in the bird's body, and contributes to an increase in total protein.

The basis for calculating the effectiveness of the method of increasing the resistance of the broiler organism through the combined use of different forms of selenium as part of the broiler's starting diet was taken as the amount of additional growth and revenue from its implementation, taking into account the cost of selenium preparations according to the experimental options.

The results of evaluating the economic efficiency of the method are shown in table 5.

As can be seen from the data in table 5, the use of broilers in the starter diet as an immunostimulant of selenium in the form of a combination of inorganic and organic forms in a ratio of 1: 1 by norm allows you to get the greatest economic effect. Net income in the third group of chickens with equal selling costs amounted to 3995.38 rubles, which is 353.4 rubles (9.7%) more than in the first control. In the second control group, using the organic form of selenium during the pre-feeding period, net income was lower than the control by 171.68 rubles. (4.95%).

The economic effect on 1 planted head in the third (experimental) group was 2.21 rubles, which is a good economic indicator confirming the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method to increase the resistance of broilers.

1. The use of a joint form of inorganic and organic selenium, introduced as an immunostimulant in feeding broilers in the first 5 days of life, proposed in the method, improves the safety of livestock of broilers in comparison with the control by 5%, by 3.75% in comparison with second control group. The safety of broiler chickens is higher than in the second by 2.5%.

2. It was established in experience that when using selenium fattening in the form of organic and inorganic forms as an immunostimulator in the pre-starter period in a ratio of 1: 1, less pronounced pathological changes in the thymus and liver of broilers are observed.

3. Evaluation of the economic efficiency of the method indicates that the combined use of selenium as an immunostimulant in inorganic and organic forms at the same time in a ratio of 1: 1 in the norm for increasing the resistance of the broiler organism is optimal and new in the aggregate of productivity, preservation and level of profitability obtained in production conditions.

Therefore, when growing broilers in poultry farms in order to increase the safety and productivity with high quality products, it is advisable to introduce selenium as an immunostimulant in the starting diet together in the form of a combination of organic and inorganic forms in a ratio of 1: 1 at a rate of 0.2 mg / kg , which increases the efficiency of poultry farming at minimal additional cost, expanding the range of immunostimulant preparations to increase the resistance of broilers during their cultivation.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing broiler body resistance, including introducing selenium-based immunostimulants into the diet of their feeding, characterized in that 0.2 times the inorganic form of selenium is introduced into the diet at the same time as the inorganic form of selenium, the preparation of organic selenium in an amount of 0.2 mg per kg of feed for the active substance, and selenium preparations are administered together in the ratio of organic and inorganic forms as 1: 1, while as an inorganic form of selenium in the feed sodium selenite is introduced, and “Sel-Plex” is used as the organic form of selenium, and sodium selenite in full dose is introduced into the feed during the rest of the broiler feeding period.