RU2044493C1 - Method for feeding undergrowth of cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves using mixture of biologically active compounds together with substituent of unskimmed milk (SUM) for feeding calves within 10 days. Proposed mixture contains (%): glucose 82.3 organic acid or its salt (e.g. sodium citrate) 9.1 technical carnitine chloride 4.1 ascorbic acid 0.8 and magnesium preparation 3.7 Said mixture is used at dosage 24.4 g per body daily. EFFECT: improves efficiency of the method. 2 cl, 8 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to feeding animals and poultry and can be used on farms for growing young cattle, both in large industrial complexes and in traditional methods of growing and fattening, as well as in joint-stock type enterprises, rental groups and farms.

 When growing and fattening young cattle (especially in industrial complexes), animals are exposed to strong effects of various stressors, due to which there is a shortage of necessary products. The stress factors exert a particularly unfavorable effect on animals in the early period of development, when organs and tissues have not yet functionally finally formed and the body cannot regulate the metabolism adequately to external influences. During the formation of herds in industrial complexes for growing and fattening young cattle, animals are brought in at the age of 20-30 days from various farms, often far away and often in transport unsuitable for transporting young animals, which is a strong stress factor and affects the state of health and animal productivity. To eliminate this effect, tranquilizers are used (before, during and after exposure to stressors) and various biologically active additives that reduce the development of a stress state.

 Substitutes for whole milk (milk replacer) and feed for the first period of calf rearing contain biologically active substances and additives for the prevention of diseases. This allows you to maintain the growth rate at a level corresponding to the level of feeding.

 There is a method of feeding calves in the first phase of growing in industrial complexes, which provides daily fasting on the first day of admission to the complex and subsequently feeding a full WMS (table 1) (0.5-0.2 kg per head per day, only 28 kg per phase), dissolved 1: 10 in warm water, daily in 2 divided doses with an interval of 8 hours and plenty of feed with a premix that includes vitamins, trace elements, antibiotics for the 1st phase of cultivation (table 1), as well as unlimited hay ( prototype), (Technology Manual cultivation and feeding of young cattle in an industrial complex for 9880 heads, M. Kolos, 1971, p. 30).

 However, when stressful stimuli appear (selection, grouping, transportation, change of nutrition, maintenance), especially at a month old or earlier, the use of this feeding method is not able to prevent or reduce the negative role of these effects on the calf’s body, which ultimately does not allow they realize the potential of the body in the form of a higher growth rate.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the gain in live weight of calves.

 To achieve the goal, the calves during the first 10 days of their stay at the complex are provided with the feeding of reconstituted milk replacer with the additional introduction of a mixture of biologically active substances (BAS) in the amount of 12.0-40.0 g per head per day in the following ratio of components, wt. glucose 82.3% any organic acid or its salt, for example, sodium citrate (for acid) 9.1% technical carnitine chloride 4.1% ascorbic acid 0.8% magnesium preparation, for example magnesium oxide (for magnesium) 3.7%, or in addition to a mixture of biologically active substances, calves on the first day of stay at the complex receive once the same with a substitute for whole milk phenazepam in an amount of 0.15 mg / kg body weight.

 A distinctive feature is that in the morning and evening feeds with restored WTC, the calves receive a mixture of biologically active substances within 10 days, starting from the first day of their stay at the complex, or within 10 days with the restored WTC, the same mixture of biologically active substances and once phenazepam at a dose of 0.15 mg / kg body weight on the day of delivery of the calves to the complex.

 The components included in the mixture of biologically active substances have a different effect on the animal organism.

 The empirical formula of carnitine chloride is presented below.

CH₂-CHOH-CH₂-COOH
Технический карнитинхлорид (ТУ-64-12-15-88) Усолье-Сибирского химфармзавода представляет собой желтоватый порошок и является сырьем для получения фармакопейного карнитинхлорида, хорошо растворимого в воде. Карнитин стимулирует обмен липидов в организме животных. Цитрат натрия используется в ветеринарии и при приготовлении сред для разбавления, замораживания и хранения спермы. Окись магния является веществом, используемым в кормлении животных и птиц как минеральная подкормка, а также витамин С необходимые вещества для нормального роста и развития организма.(CH ₃ ) ₃ -

CH ₂ —CHOH — CH ₂ —COOH
Technical carnitine chloride (TU-64-12-15-88) Usolye-Siberian Chemical Pharmaceutical Plant is a yellowish powder and is the raw material for the preparation of pharmacopoeial carnitine chloride, highly soluble in water. Carnitine stimulates lipid metabolism in animals. Sodium citrate is used in veterinary medicine and in the preparation of media for dilution, freezing and storage of sperm. Magnesium oxide is a substance used in the feeding of animals and birds as a mineral top dressing, as well as vitamin C necessary substances for the normal growth and development of the body.

 The mixture of biologically active substances is a powder of white or slightly yellowish color.

Феназепам, (7 бром-5-(0-хлор) фенил-1,2-дигидро-3Н-1,4-бенздиазепин-2-ОН) транквилизирующий препарат, используемый в медицине, представляет собой белый или белый с кремовым оттенком кристаллический порошок, растворимый в масле, кормовом жире, этиловом спирте, хлороформе, техническом жире, диметилсульфоксиде.The phenazepam formula is as follows:

Phenazepam, (7 bromo-5- (0-chloro) phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-OH) tranquilizing drug used in medicine, is a white or white with a creamy tint crystalline powder soluble in oil, feed fat, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, industrial fat, dimethyl sulfoxide.

 A mixture of biologically active substances stimulates the transport of fatty acids through the membranes of cells and subcellular fractions, promotes the accumulation of lipids in the fat depot while activating their use to meet the energy needs of a growing organism and to save carbohydrates and amino acids from oxidation to end products, as well as providing the body with energy in stress situations. In addition, the components of a BAS mixture are able to neutralize harmful products that form and accumulate when exposed to stressors. The constituent components of a BAS mixture are normal metabolites of the animal and human body, therefore, within the limits of the dosages used, they do not adversely affect a living organism.

 When using a BAS mixture in combination with phenazepam, not only the beneficial use of energy in the body and the leveling of the negative impact of stressful effects on the body occurs, but also on the day the calves are brought to the phenazepam complex, as a tranquilizing substance, it reduces the stressful effect of various factors on the body.

 The result of this effect is a higher intensity of growth of calves in the first phase, and for the entire first period of growing.

 It is known the use of mixtures of biologically active substances, consisting of: 1) glucose, technical carnitine chloride; 2) glucose and sodium citrate; 3) glucose, sodium citrate and carnitine to turkey poults from the first to tenth days after transferring them from the incubator (Galochkina V.P. Alfimtsev N.A. Ovcharenko E.V. et al. Copyright certificate for the invention N 1743521, priority from 12.04.90 ) The use of a mixture of 3 components allowed to increase the safety of turkey poults during this period by 7.04% compared with the control. The use of glucose with technical carnitine chloride gave an effect approximately two times lower, and glucose with sodium citrate had a negative result.

 However, the mixture was used by turkeys and contained sodium citrate, carnitine and glucose, but did not contain other biologically active substances, such as vitamin C and magnesium, substances necessary for mobilizing the body's forces under various influences on it, and its effect on intensity was not tested growth.

 It is known that phenazepam is used to prevent and reduce stressful reactions to milkweed calves once in a dose of 0.3 mg / kg of live weight before transporting them to the complex or 0.15 mg / kg of live weight in the first 7 days of their stay in feeding complexes (Temporary guidance on the use of phenazepam as an anti-stress agent in animal husbandry in the framework of a wide industrial test. 01.01.1989).

 However, the use of phenazepam once before transportation at a dose of 0.3 mg / kg or daily at 0.15 mg / kg body weight for 7 days, as a tranquilizing drug, helps to reduce the perception of stressful effects, but does not neutralize the harmful products generated by the response reactions to these effects. And also giving it before transportation in practice is usually not implemented. The use of a mixture of biologically active substances in combination with phenazepam made it possible to confine a single dose of phenazepam at a dose of 0.15 mg / kg body weight, and only on the first day of calves in the complex, using a mixture of biologically active substances from 1 to 10 days of calves on complex.

 The use of a mixture of biologically active substances consisting of sodium citrate, carnitine chloride, glucose, magnesium oxide and vitamin C when setting up calves for growing at an early age, forming a fattening livestock in industrial complexes for growing and fattening young cattle, as well as other effects on calves, or the use of a mixture of biologically active substances in combination with phenazepam in the available scientific and technical literature we have not identified.

 The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

 PRI me R 1. Tested various dosages of a mixture of biologically active substances (12.0; 24.3; 40.0 g / goal. Per day) to determine the optimal. Feeding and keeping the calves in all groups were the same. During the period of the first growing phase (80 days), calves received 0.5-0.2 kg of dry WMS in reconstituted form by dissolving it in warm water at a ratio of WMS: water of 1: 3-5 (a total of 28 kg of WMS). The milk replacer was individually watered in the morning and in the evening with an interval of 8 hours, compound feed with a premix for the first phase of cultivation, as well as hay were given freely (table 1). The calves are kept in groups, 19–20 animals each with constant access to water.

 The experiment was conducted in an industrial complex for the fattening of young cattle, the state farm "Voronezh". Calves were under experience from the date of admission to the complex (at the age of 4 weeks) for 162 days. In the first phase of cultivation in the calf complex, we obtained reconstituted milk replacer and mixed feed for the first and second phases of rearing with the corresponding premixes (Table 1) provided by the diet (control). Calves according to the 3 proposed variants of the method were obtained individually with a restored WMS mixture of biologically active substances, consisting of glucose, sodium citrate, carnitine chloride, vitamin C and magnesium oxide (table. 2).

 Starting from the first day and the next 10 days of staying at the complex, calves received a mixture of biologically active substances with reconstituted milk replacer 2 times a day. In the morning, half the daily norm of WMS was dissolved in warm water in a ratio of 1: 3-5, and each calf was added half the norm of the BAS mixture to the calf before replenishment, mixed well and evaporated. Similarly, feed a mixture of biologically active substances with milk replacer and in the evening feeding. In the 1st embodiment, the calves receive 12.0 g / goal. 2nd 24.3 g / goal. and the 3rd at 40 g / goal. mixtures of biologically active substances, according to the 4th option (positive control) 0.2 g / goal. per day of vitamin C, respectively, the amount of vitamin obtained with a mixture of biologically active substances, with restored milk replacer (table. 3).

 162 days after the start of feeding the BAS mixture, individual calves were weighed.

 The best results were obtained in terms of growth intensity for option 2 — the average daily gain in live weight was 2.2% higher compared to the control, for option 3 it was 1.7% and options 1 and 4 had a negative effect (Table 4).

 PRI me R 2. Tested the optimal option 2 of example 1, the use of a mixture of biologically active substances in the amount of 24.3 g per head per day in the first 10 days of calves staying at the complex. The test was carried out in the industrial complex "Voronezh", Vladimir region.

 Calves aged 30-40 days were put on growing in group cells of 19 goals. Calves were fed according to the “Manual on the technology of growing and fattening young cattle in an industrial complex for 9880 heads,” M. Kolos, 1971, p. 30. The main diet of calves as in example 1. Calves of the control group (prototype) received the main diet. According to the proposed method, in addition to the main diet, calves were obtained daily, morning and evening, during the first 10 days of staying at the complex, 24.3 g of a mixture of biologically active substances goal / day (optimal dosage) (table. 5).

 The technology for feeding the BAS mixture is similar to that in Example 1. In the second phase of calf rearing, the corresponding feed and hay were obtained. The calves had constant access to water. Animals were individually weighed when transferring to phase II of period I and when transferring to period II of the biological cycle of the industrial rearing of young cattle.

 The average daily gain in live weight during the first phase of cultivation (milk period, 80 days) according to the proposed method increased by 14.5% compared to the prototype. The calves that received the mixture only in the first 10 days of staying at the complex retained a higher growth rate throughout the entire period of I the growing period and when transferring (after 119 days of growing) to the II-nd growing period, the average daily gain in live weight by the proposed method remained higher (by 5.2%) compared with the control (table. 6).

 PRI me R 3. The optimal dosage of feeding a mixture of biologically active substances 24.3 g goals / day during the first 10 days of calves staying at the complex and the optimal dosage of phenazepam 0.15 mg / kg of liquid mass once at the first day were tested stay at the complex. The test was carried out in the industrial complex "Voronezh".

 Calves from 30-40 days of age were raised in a group way in cells of 19 goals. Calves were fed according to the "Manual on the technology of growing and fattening young cattle in an industrial complex for 9880 heads", M. 1971, p. thirty.

 The control group (prototype) received the main diet. Calves according to the proposed method were obtained individually with recovered milk replacer during the first 10 days of staying at the complex twice a day with an 8-hour break in equal amounts of a biologically active substance mixture as in example 2 in the amount of 24.3 g per head per day and once in the morning feeding on the first day of stay at the phenazepam complex. Dry milk replacer is dissolved in warm water in a ratio of 1: 3-5, the calf is measured at the required rate and 12.15 g of the BAS mixture are added to it, mixed well. Take an alcoholic (ethanol) solution of phenazepam (1: 10-100), dilute with distilled water in a ratio of 1: 10-100, mix, respectively, the phenazepam norm (0.15 mg per kg of live weight) measure the solution and add it to reconstituted milk containing a mixture of biologically active substances, stirred. Immediately before evaporating, mix well again. In the evening, reconstituted WMS is prepared in the same way, only without the addition of phenazepam. In the next 9 days, only a mixture of biologically active substances is added to the recovered WMS.

 Compound feed and hay in the first phase of growing calves receive plenty (table. 7).

 In the second phase of the calves received the corresponding feed phase and hay. The calves had constant access to water. Individual weighing was carried out when transferring to phase II of period I (at the end of the dairy period) and when transferring to period II of the technological cycle of the industrial rearing of young cattle.

 The average daily gain in live weight during the first phase of cultivation (80 days) was 710.1 g, which is 2.7% higher than in the control group (prototype). In the second phase of the I growing period, the growth rate of calves according to the proposed method increased, and the average daily gain in live weight was 10.4 higher than the prototype (table. 8).

As a result, when transferring to the II growing period (109 days after the cessation of the drug), the average daily increase in calves by the proposed method was 106.4%
Thus, the use of various dosages of the mixture of biologically active substances showed that the optimal dose is 24.3 g per head per day. The use of a biologically active substance mixture within 10 days from the first day the calves were at the complex made it possible to increase the average daily gain in live weight by more than 14% during the first phase of cultivation (80 days), as a result, by the first period (119 days) of growing more than 5% compared with the control group and even after 162 days their growth advantage remained at 2.2%. The maximum dosage of the biologically active substance mixture of 40 g / head per day also gave a positive result, the additional increase in live weight of calves after 162 days was higher compared to the control by 1, 7% Feeding the optimal dosage ki mixtures of biologically active substances with reconstituted milk replacer for 10 days from the first day of calves in the complex and a single dose of phenazepam on the first day of stay in the complex for phase I (80 days) of growth gave an additional increase in live weight significantly less than when using only the mixture of biologically active substances , compensating for the lag in the II phase, and as a result, for the entire I growing period (119 days), an additional gain in live weight of 6.4% was obtained. Using 10 ml of biologically active substances in a dose of 12.0 g / head per day with milk replacer and only ascorbic acid gave a negative tion result.

Claims (2)

 METHOD FOR FEEDING YOUNG CATTLE ANNIVERSARY, providing for feeding to calves, when growing in the dairy period, compound feed with a premix containing biologically active substances and plenty of hay, as well as a restored whole milk replacer at a rate different from that in the reconstituted whole milk replacer, pre-mixed warm water in a ratio of 1 3-5, an additional mixture of biologically active substances is introduced, consisting of the following components, wt. Glucose 82.3
Sodium Centrate (Citrate) 9.1
carnitine chloride 4.1
Ascorbic acid 0.8
Magnesium Oxide (Magnesium) 3.7
the resulting mixture of biologically active substances is introduced into the reconstituted whole milk replacer at the rate of 12-40 g / head per day, mixed and fed a daily dose of the mixture to each calf 2 times a day for 10 days, starting from the first day the calves are in the livestock complex.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it is additionally introduced into the mixture of the reconstituted substitute for whole milk with biologically active substances 0.1-0.01% alcohol solution of phenazepam, previously dissolved in distilled water in a ratio of 1 10-100 of calculation of 0.15 mg / kg body weight and feed the mixture once.

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