RU2547548C1 - Method of cattle young-stock breeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to a method of feeding calves. The method of feeding comprises watering calves since one month of age for 10 days of whole milk replacer with complex additive of biologically active substances. In the reconstituted whole milk replacer a mixture of biologically active substances is added once a day, which consists of the following components in a dose of 1 g per head per day: sodium citrate - 0.8, succinic acid - 0.3, fumaric acid - 1.0, carnitine - 0.5, vitamin B₂ - 0.002, glycine - 0.05, calcium chloride - 0.001, vitamin C - 0.002, glucose - 3, elementary sulfur - 5.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to normalise metabolic processes, to increase the growth rate of calves, to strengthen the body defenses.

1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to feeding calves, and can be used on farms for growing young cattle both in large industrial complexes and in traditional methods of growing and fattening, as well as in joint-stock type enterprises, in rental groups and farms.

When growing and fattening young cattle (especially in industrial complexes), animals are exposed to strong effects of various stressors, which leads to a shortfall in livestock production. The stress factors exert a particularly unfavorable effect on animals in the early period of development, when organs and tissues have not yet functionally finally formed and the body cannot regulate the metabolism adequately to external influences of stress factors. This situation adversely affects the health and productivity of animals. To eliminate the harmful effects of stress factors of various etiologies in modern animal husbandry, numerous adaptogenic drugs (all kinds of biologically active substances) are widely used to help the young body more successfully adapt to changing conditions of feeding and keeping.

The prior art method for feeding calves during milk feeding (Matveev V.A., Galochkina V.P., Panasenko V.N., Burkova E.I. Patent No. 244493, 1993. Method for feeding young cattle). The inventors have proposed a method of feeding calves during milk feeding, which involves adding to the substitute for whole milk (milk replacer) a mixture of biologically active substances containing 82.3% glucose, an organic acid or its salt, for example 9.1% sodium citrate, technical carnitine chloride 4 , 1%, ascorbic acid 0.8% and the preparation of magnesium (for magnesium) 3.7%. A mixture with milk replacer is administered twice a day.

Calves grown according to the proposed method, as well as in the prototype, received hay and compound feed ad libitum, with a substitute for whole milk from a month of age for 10 days, they received a complex supplement of biologically active substances once a day, characterized in that it consisted of the following components (at a dose of g per 1 head per day): sodium citrate - 0.8, succinic acid - 0.3, fumaric acid - 1.0, carnitine - 0.5, vitamin B ₂ - 0.002, glycine - 0.05, calcium chloride - 0.001, vitamin C - 0.002, glucose - 3, elemental sulfur - 5.

According to the prior art, the antioxidant-anti-radical system determines the regulatory processes of metabolism in the body of higher animals and birds and is able to actively influence the state of the defenses, nonspecific resistance, health and, therefore, the productivity of animals.

Free radicals are normal, physiologically natural metabolites in a large number of body processes and, especially, in the reactions of lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial tissue respiration (oxygenase pathway of oxygen metabolism). However, their excess production in stressful situations and the inability of the body to successfully normalize their number is the most common cause of the most serious and diverse metabolic pathologies that reduce the growth rate of animals and weaken the body's defense systems.

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of increasing the calf growth rate, achieved by strengthening the body's defenses and intensifying metabolic processes.

The problem is solved in that, in contrast to the known methods of growing calves, including basic nutrition, according to the invention, a new, more effective combination of biologically active substances is introduced into the main diet instead of the biologically active substances known in the prior art and indicated in the prototype.

The advantage of the proposed method for growing young cattle over the traditional and over the prototype is that when it is used, the nonspecific resistance of the body increases, provided not only by a decrease in the concentration in the blood of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde), but also by a change in the direction of redox processes metabolism, accompanied by activation of the glutathione reduction system. The use of a new combination of biologically active substances is both biologically and economically profitable for both cattle and calves for growing dairy cattle for repair of livestock for dairy herds.

A distinctive feature of the invention: an increase in growth intensity, strengthening the body's defenses, increasing nonspecific resistance of calves by activating metabolic processes in their body associated with the neutralization of lipid peroxidation reactions and a decrease in the concentration of end products in the blood of animals in the form of malondialdehyde and increased glutathione recovery processes, achieved by introducing a new combination of biologically active substances into the main diet. The introduction of biologically active substances is carried out from a month of age for 10 days as part of a substitute for whole milk. The method differs in that a mixture of biologically active substances, consisting of the following components at a dose of g per 1 head per day, is introduced into a whole milk replacer once a day: sodium citrate - 0.8, succinic acid - 0.3, fumaric acid - 1.0, carnitine - 0.5 , vitamin B ₂ - 0.002, glycine - 0.05, calcium chloride - 0.001, vitamin C - 0.002, glucose - 3, elemental sulfur - 5.

In the patent and scientific literature available, we have not found the use of the developed combination of biologically active substances. This circumstance allows us to consider the claimed invention patentable as meeting the condition of patentability "inventive step". (Patent Law of the Russian Federation of 10/14/1992).

Example 1

The experiment was conducted in the experimental farm "Ermolino" of the Kaluga region on two groups of calves during the period of dairy nutrition, 6 animals each. The experimental group, as indicated above, received a complex feed additive consisting of a number of biologically active substances. The experiment was started at the age of one month of calves and lasted for two months.

To characterize the adaptive reactions and the antioxidant state of the calf’s organism, the metabolic state, blood was taken from the portal vein of the calves at the beginning, middle and end of the experiment. At the same time, animals were weighed. In blood plasma are determined:

- concentration of thiol compounds (low molecular weight sulfhydryl groups - reduced glutathione + cysteine (with dithionitrobenzoic acid);

- the concentration of disulfide groups (low molecular weight disulfide groups - oxidized glutathione + cystine (with nitrothiosulfobenzoic acid) and their ratio;

- total antioxidant activity according to the method of Klebanov et al .;

- Malonic dialdehyde - using the Unimed.

The experimental results are systematized in table 1. For 2 months of the experiment, the increase in live weight in the control group (prototype) was 176%, and in the experimental group (recommended method) - 201%. In absolute terms, the increase in live weight in the control was 36.9 kg, and in the experiment - 49.4 kg.

The generally accepted criterion for the ratio of antioxidant-prooxidant processes in any cell of the body and the functional activity of the systems responsible for non-specific resistance is the content of malondialdehyde in the blood.

Table 1 Live weight and indicators of non-specific resistance of calves The studied indicators Weighing
blood sampling and blood sampling Live weight (kg) Average daily gain (g) OJSCA, mkg / ml MDA mM / L SH-groups, mm / l SS-groups, mm / l Tds Prototype 1 month 48.5 ± 2.7 - 45.8 ± 10.1 2.76 ± 0.44 0.502 ± 0.11 0.277 ± 0.06 1.81 2 months 66.3 ± 1.2 0.593 48.5 ± 11.0 2.68 ± 0.57 0.487 ± 0.12 0.250 ± 0.08 1.95 3 months 85.4 ± 2.8 0.636 49.8 ± 10.5 3.01 ± 0.60 0.533 ± 0.12 0.268 ± 0.07 1.99 Proposed option 1 month 48.9 ± 2.6 - 46.9 ± 9.8 2.88 ± 0.46 0.548 ± 0.16 0.283 ± 0.07 1.94 2 months. 77.6 ± 3.1 0.690 51.3 ± 10.2 2.33 ± 0.42 0.739 ± 0.13 0.205 ± 0.05 3.60 % to prototype 117 106 87 152 82 185 3 months. 98.3 ± 2.9 0.770 54.7 ± 12.8 2.45 ± 0.52 0.650 0.230 ± 0.06 2.83 % to prototype 115 110 81 122 86 142 Note: OJSCA - total antioxidant activity MDA - malondialdehyde SH groups - sulfhydryl groups (reduced glutathione) SS-groups - disulfide groups (oxidized glutathione) TDS - the ratio of SH-groups to SS-groups

An increase in its concentration characterizes the inability of the body's protective systems to cope with the processes of lipid peroxidation and oxygen oxidation along the one-electron pathway, during which the bulk of superreactive free radicals are formed - unoxidized oxygen products that reduce the non-specific resistance of animals and birds. A substantiated confirmation of the aforesaid can be obtained in our experiment, the material of reducing in the blood of animals of the experimental group the content of malondialdehyde by 13 and 19% at the age of two and three months, respectively.

The thiol disulfide ratio (TDS), i.e. the ratio of sulfhydryl to disulfide groups in blood serum serves as an important regulatory parameter and, at the same time, as a mobile diagnostic test for assessing nonspecific resistance of an organism. It can most informatively characterize the “buffer capacity” of the antioxidant system both in norm and in pathology. It is known from the prior art that in situations of metabolic stress, there is always a decrease in the content of SH-groups and an increase in the concentration of SS-groups. For this group of indicators, we obtained the expected result, which consists in a progressive substantial increase in the concentration of sulfhydryl groups and a decrease in disulfide groups in the experimental group.

The dynamics of changes in the ratio of low molecular weight sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in blood plasma confirmed our assumption about the positive effect of the test additive as a glutathione-saving factor. The indicators of the thiol-disulfide system indicate that the nonspecific resistance and buffer capacity of the antioxidant system have increased and, therefore, the adaptive-protective functions of the body of the calves of the experimental group have increased compared to the control. This fact could not but affect the increase in live weight of calves. In other words, we want to emphasize again the close contacts of the most important metabolic and antioxidant pathways. The thiol-disulfide ratio is decisive both in ensuring regulatory metabolic processes and in the system of protective reactions of the body. An increase in the concentration of reduced sulfhydryl groups and a decrease in the content of oxidized disulfide groups in the proposed method was reflected in the final increase in the thiol disulfide ratio in almost one and a half to two times in the first and second months of the experiment, respectively, and, as a result, in a significant improvement in productivity, metabolism, and nonspecific resistance.

The same conclusion is confirmed by an increase in the total antioxidant activity of blood, although less prominent (by 6%) in experimental calves.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding young cattle, which involves feeding calves from the age of one month for 10 days a whole milk substitute with a complex addition of biologically active substances, characterized in that a mixture of biologically active substances is introduced into the reconstituted whole milk substitute, consisting of of the following components in a dose of 1 g per head per day: sodium citrate - 0.8, succinic acid - 0.3, fumaric acid - 1.0 carnitine - 0.5 vitamin B ₂ - 0.002, glycine - 0.05 calcium chloride - 0.001, itamin C - 0.002, glucose - 3, elemental sulfur - 5.