RU2494732C1 - Method for mineral metabolism correction in cows in biogeochemical province environment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science. The method for mineral metabolism correction in cows in the biogeochemical province environment involves the daily introduction of the microelement salt complex - copper, manganese, zinc sulphates in the basic diet; that is combined with the intake of the antistress preparation Selerol 20-23 ml per a head once a day for 30-31 days, monthly for a period of using the cows.

EFFECT: invention provides faster and more effective normalisation of the mineral exchange parameters in cows, as well as higher milk production parameters.

6 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine, in particular to therapy, and can be used to normalize mineral metabolism in the body of cows.

Since the composition of the Earth’s surface is heterogeneous, areas with an increased or decreased content of certain chemical elements are found on it. These regions, which differ from neighboring regions in the content of chemical elements (compounds) in them, are called biogeochemical provinces.

Trace elements occupy a significant place in animal nutrition. The need for trace elements is partially satisfied due to their content in the feed ingredients. However, in the components of feed grown in different geographical regions, there may be a deficiency of some and an excess of other trace elements, which leads to the appearance of various pathologies in animals. Often, both inadequate and excessive intake of the same element in the animal organism causes diseases.

The problem of microelementoses is relevant in connection with the fact that mineral salts in the blood plasma, as well as in other biological fluids in the ionized state, play a large role in the regulation of vital processes and in creating the conditions necessary for the normal activity of all organs and tissues. They are necessary for growth and reproduction, affect the functions of hematopoiesis, endocrine glands, immunity, and regulate metabolism.

There are many ways to normalize the metabolism in the body of cows.

There is a method of normalizing the mineral metabolism of cows, including the use of mineral additives of zeolite and protein supplement biotrin along with microelements [3]. The Birskoye industrial holding in the Bashkir Republic is located in a biogeochemical province with a low content of copper, zinc and cobalt. The use of these drugs can increase the level of trace elements in the blood of animals: manganese by 5.3%, copper by 0.8%, zinc by 9.1%, cobalt by 11.1%, in milk the level of manganese increased by - 3.0 %, copper - 9.1%, zinc - 6.2%, cobalt - 11.1%. Over the entire period of the experiment, the level of calcium in the blood increased by 4.6-5.7%, phosphorus by 4.6-5.2%. In this case, the milk productivity of cows for the entire period of the experiment increased by 5.8–9.2%.

However, the use of a complex of trace elements and zeolite salts in the diets of lactating cows does not have any significant changes in the mineral metabolism indices and the indices were almost at the same level in comparison with the animals of the control group.

And the use of biotrin as a source of trace elements is constrained by the fact that this product of microbiological synthesis is not well understood, in particular, the long-term consequences of its use. Therefore, the use of protein-mineral mixtures requires further study.

A known method of normalizing mineral metabolism in lactating cows, using a natural mineral-vermiculite [2]. Under the conditions of the Znamensky COOPHOZ of the Nagaybak district of the Chelyabinsk region, which refers to a biogeochemical province with a lack of trace elements such as copper, zinc, cobalt, and an excess of lead and nickel, the use of vermiculite in cows makes it possible to compensate for the lack of essential elements in the body of cows by introducing additional to the main diet mixed with concentrates in a dose of 0.1 g / kg body weight twice a day for 15 days with an interval of 15 days. This method allows to increase the level of zinc in the blood of animals by 58.5%, copper by 75.3%; in milk, the level of zinc is - 90.3%, copper - 74.4%. In the serum of cows, normalization of the calcium-phosphorus ratio was observed, so the level of calcium increased by 57.7%, the level of phosphorus decreased by 19.0%. In this case, the productivity of cows during the test period (60 days) increased by 28.0%.

The main disadvantage of using vermiculite is that, as an enterosorbent, it is able to slow down the absorption of vitamins, proteins and fats, and with prolonged use, it is necessary to control the change in animal homeostasis, as it can cause scar hypotension.

The closest prototype is a method of normalizing mineral metabolism in lactating cows in biogeochemical provinces, using trace elements missing in the diet [1]. The experiment was conducted on the farm of Salavat-Yulaevo JSC in Argayash district of Chelyabinsk region, this zone belongs to the biogeochemical province with a lack of zinc, manganese, cobalt. L.A. Akhmadulina experimentally found that over 30 days of giving sulfate salts of zinc, manganese, cobalt, the method can increase the level of zinc by 66.18%, manganese by 54.94%, the copper content decreased by 5.89%. In cow's milk, the level of zinc increased by - 91.26%, copper by 11.46%, manganese by 44.51%. The calcium content in the blood of animals during the experiment increased by 23.8%, phosphorus decreased by 13.7%. Ca: P ratio was 1.5: 1. During the test period, milk was fed up 7.2% more compared to the control group.

The main disadvantage of this method is that the use of mineral trace elements does not take into account the essence of the development of biochemical changes in blood and chronic stress against the background of a lack of trace elements.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method of correction of mineral metabolism in dairy cows in biogeochemical provinces with a lack of trace elements such as copper, manganese, zinc.

The essence of the method consists in introducing daily in the main diet of dairy cows the missing trace elements in the form of sulfate salts: copper in a dose of 0.33-0.35 mg per head / day, manganese in a dose of 2.90-2.92 mg per head / day, zinc in a dose of 3.0-3.3 mg per goal / day and dosing once a month (30-31 days) inside with concentrated feed of the antioxidant preparation “Selerol” at a dose of 20-23 ml per head monthly, during the operation of the cows.

Analysis of the prototype and other technical solutions in this field of veterinary medicine did not reveal signs similar to the claimed solution, which allows us to conclude that the method meets the novelty criterion, since it is not known from the prior art.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype shows that the claimed method differs from the known one in that selenium-containing preparation “Selerol” is used simultaneously with salts of trace elements. According to the available sources of scientific and technical information and patent information, we are not aware of methods for correcting mineral metabolism using polysols — copper, manganese, and zinc — together with an anti-stress selenium-containing preparation, so the claimed method meets the criterion of inventive step.

The claimed method is industrially applicable, since it was tested in dairy cattle on lactating cows SKHPK “Farm them. Shevchenko »Chesmensky district, Chelyabinsk region.

The method is implemented as follows, against the background of microelement ration correction, the Selerol drug is introduced into the diet of cows at a dose of 20-23 ml per head once a month, monthly, the drug is mixed with concentrated feed. The dose of the drug, the frequency of its administration, the period of use was determined empirically.

The preparation “Selerol” (Selerolum), is produced by the scientific production company “Askont +” LLC (Moscow, Russia), is an aqueous solution of tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) and sodium selenite with the addition of excipients: it is a clear yellow-green liquid colors with a characteristic odor. The opalescence of the solution is allowed. 1 ml of the drug contains 25 mg of tocopherol acetate and 2.2 mg of sodium selenite.

Tocopherol, which is part of the drug, regulates redox processes, affects carbohydrate-fat metabolism, enhances the effect of vitamins A and D ₃ , has an effect on the state of immunity, the general resistance of the body. Selenium significantly contributes to the effectiveness of vitamin E, plays a role in redox processes, is also a natural antioxidant, and is a non-enzymatic inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, can regulate the level of free radical processes, and through them affect both oxidative metabolism and development immune responses.

The drug "Celerol" prevents stressful conditions, helps to increase the overall resistance of the body. Selenium and Vitamin E, which are part of the Selerol preparation, as strong antioxidants reduce the formation and accumulation of toxic peroxides in the body; contribute to the normalization and intensity of metabolism.

The above information served as the basis for the development of a method involving the use of sulfate salts of trace elements copper, manganese, zinc and selenium-containing preparation "Selerol" to normalize mineral metabolism in the body of cows.

Execution example. To implement the proposed method, an experiment was conducted on the basis of the agricultural collective farm “Kolkhoz im. Shevchenko »Chesmensky district of the Chelyabinsk region. In the study of feed in SKHPK "Farm them. Shevchenko ”of the Chesmensky district of the Chelyabinsk region, a shortage of copper, manganese, zinc was discovered. For example, corneal hay contained copper - 3.24 mg / kg, animal feed - 6.4 mg / kg with a norm of 30 mg / kg; zinc - 18.48 mg / kg and 28.44 mg / kg, respectively, with a norm of 75 mg / kg; manganese 37.5 mg / kg and 22.4 mg / kg, respectively, with a norm of 40 mg / kg.

An analysis of the feed ration also showed that 44.6% of copper, 64.8% of manganese and 69.4% of zinc are lacking in the diet.

In this regard, it became necessary to correct the diet of animals for missing trace elements. The daily dose of trace elements missing in the diet was determined by calculation, depending on the needs of the body of lactating cows. At the same time, a deficiency of selenium in the feed was found, so the hayfire hay contained selenium - 0.2 mg / kg, feed - 0.35 mg / kg with a norm of 1.0 mg / kg.

Given that the exploitation of animals is carried out in a biogeochemical province, it is necessary to study and adjust the microelement composition of the diet at least once every six months.

At the livestock of this farm during clinical examination, there were symptoms of a lack of trace elements :. decrease in skin elasticity, dermatitis, alopecia were observed in the neck, hair was tousled, no shine, brittle hair, hair depigmentation was observed in cows of a darker color (light hair alternated with darker ones), 30% of animals had thinning and resorption of the last tail vertebrae , osteolysis of the 13th rib was observed in 15% of the animals, joint deformation was observed in 10% of the herds, and deformation of the hoof of the hoof was observed in 15%, which indicates a violation of the mineral metabolism in the body of cows.

Morpho-biochemical blood tests also indicate metabolic disorders. So, in animals of this economy, a reduced content of red blood cells was found to be 3.5%, hemoglobin content 8.3%, white blood cells 21.7% lower than the average standard values.

A constant lack of trace elements necessary for hematopoietic function caused changes in the quantitative composition of white blood cells. When analyzing the blood leukocyte profile of cows, there is an increase of 78.7% in the content of eosinophils, basophils by 33.0%, stab neutrophils by 42.9%, decrease in segmented by 6.5%, monocytes by 7.9%, and lymphocytes by 12 , 0%. An increase in the number of eosinophils, stab neutrophils, and a decrease in segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes is typical for a change in the blood picture during stressful situations (Table 1).

Table 1

Background hematological indicators of cows $$(\overline{X}\pm S\overline{x};\text{n}=6)$$

Indicator Average normative data * Actual Content % to normal Red blood cells, × 10 ¹² / l 6.25 6.04 ± 0.07 -3.5 White blood cells × 10 ⁹ / L 8.25 6.78 ± 0.11 -21.7 Hemoglobin, g / l 115.0 106.2 ± 0.58 -8.3 Basophils 1,0 1.33 ± 0.21 +33.0 Eosinophils 5.5 9.83 ± 0.43 +78.7 Neutrophils Myelocytes 0 - - Young 0-1 - - Stab 3,5 5.0 ± 0.37 +42.9 Segmented 27.5 25.83 ± 0.48 -6.5 Monocytes 4,5 4.17 ± 0.31 -7.9 Lymphocytes 57.5 51.33 ± 0.49 -12.0 * Note I.P. Kondrakhin (2004)

Long-term lack of trace elements also affected the state of protein metabolism. Thus, the content of total serum protein is lower than the average standard value by 4.5%, while reducing the protein content of the albumin fraction by 10%, and alpha globulin by 18.8%. An increase in serum proteins of the beta and gamma globulin class by 14.8% and 27.3%, respectively. Thus, with a deficiency of trace elements, protein synthesis is disrupted, the proportion of the most labile fraction, albumin, decreases, the content of globulins increases, which indicates a high metabolic stress (Table 2).

table 2

Background biochemical indicators of blood of cows $$(\overline{X}\pm S\overline{x};\text{n}=6)$$

Indicator Average normative data * Actual Content % to normal Total protein, g l 79.5 76.1 ± 4.6 -4.5 Proteinogram,% Albumin 41.3 37.54 ± 1.15 -10.0 α-globulins 14.7 12.37 ± 0.04 -18.8 β-globulins 12.6 14.46 ± 0.02 +14.8 gamma globulins 27.0 34.36 ± 1.21 +27.3 Glucose, mmol / L 2.75 1.45 ± 0.09 -47.2 PVC, μmol / L 140.8 160.2 ± 3.71 +12.1 Total calcium, mmol / l 2.81 1.79 ± 0.11 -57.0 Inorganic phosphorus, mmol / l 1,69 2.39 ± 0.03 +41.4 Alkaline phosphatase, units / l 87.0 117.8 ± 2.71 +26.1 * I.P. Kondrakhin (2004)

It is known that trace elements are involved in glyconesis processes. The change in carbohydrate metabolism was accompanied by a decrease in glucose level by 47.2%, the level of pyruvic acid was higher than the average standard value by 12.1% (Table 2).

To assess the state of mineral metabolism in cows, we determined the content of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The data are presented in table 2.

When analyzing the data obtained, it was noted that in the blood of animals there is a violation of calcium - phosphorus ratio. So the content of total calcium was 57.0% below the standard indicator, and the content of inorganic phosphorus exceeded the norm by 41.4%. Probably a lack of copper, manganese, zinc in the body contributed to a decrease in the use of calcium and phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract. Confirming this fact was an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity by 26.1%.

It is known that the imbalance of minerals in feed affects their circulation in the blood of animals. The content of toxic and essential trace elements in the blood of cows is presented in table 3.

Table 3

The content of chemical elements in the blood serum of cows, mg / l $$(\overline{X}\pm S\overline{x};\text{n}=6)$$

Indicator Average normative data * Actual Content % to normal Iron 23,2 78.3 ± 4.6 +226.0 Zinc 4.25 2.18 ± 0.11 -56.4 Copper 1,0 0.78 ± 0.07 -22.0 Manganese 0,07 0.05 ± 0.004 -66.7 Cobalt 0.04 0.044 ± 0.005 +10.0 Selenium ** 0.6 0.14 ± 0.0 -76.7 Note: * - G.P. Gribovsky, VNIIVSGE (1996), - ** I.P. Kondrakhin (2004)

The data in the table show that the abnormal content of toxic and essential trace elements in the feed ration of the farm was accompanied by their abnormal content in the blood of cows.

So the content of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium in the blood of cows was lower than standard values by 56.4%, 22.0%, 66.7% and 76.7%, respectively. The concentration of iron in the blood was 78.3 ± 4.6 mg / l (the average standard value of 23.2 mg / l), which is 3.4 times higher than the norm.

We also found that in the blood of animals, the under-oxidized products of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugates, ketodienes, general polyene conjugates, Schiff bases) accumulate.

Moreover, the level of diene conjugates in the blood of cows exceeded the average normative value by 6 times, ketodienes by 3 times, total polyene conjugates by 10 times, Schiff bases by 4 times. At the same time, the activity of catalase exceeded the norm by 4 times (Table 6).

Thus, animals with a constant deficiency of trace elements in their diet are in a state of chronic alimentary oxidative stress, leading to metabolic disorders in the body.

The experiment was conducted on 18 animals of black-motley breed, in the winter-stall period, on the basis of the agricultural collective farm “Kolkhoz im. Shevchenko »Chesmensky district, Chelyabinsk region. According to the principle of analogue pairs, 3 groups of animals were formed (2 experimental and control), 6 animals each, aged 4-5 years old, weighing 500 ± 50 kg, in the final lactation period. For all experimental animals, the same conditions were created for feeding, keeping and caring, observing the required zoohygienic parameters according to the daily routine accepted at the enterprise. The duration of the experiment was 2 months.

The animals of the 1st group were injected with the missing trace elements daily: copper at a dose of 0.35 mg per goal / day, manganese at a dose of 2.92 mg per goal / day, zinc at a dose of 3.3 mg per goal / day, animals 2 of the ith group, copper, manganese, zinc were added to the diet, and once a month monthly the preparation “Celerol” at a dose of 20 ml per head, the 3rd group of animals was the control.

The assessment of changes in mineral metabolism against the background of the use of trace elements and the Celerol drug was monitored by the degree of change in the studied parameters over 2 months (table 5).

Analyzing the data of Table 5, it should be noted that the level of copper in the blood of cows of the first experimental group with the use of trace elements increased by 20.7%, zinc by 118.7%, manganese by 140.0%. In the second experimental group with the combined use of trace elements and the drug "Selerol", the level of copper in the blood increased by 25.0%, zinc by 153.0%, manganese by 180.0%.

The use of trace elements and the drug "Celerol" influenced the change in the concentration of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood serum of cows of the experimental groups (table 4).

Table 4

Changes in the content of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase during the use of trace elements and the drug "Celerol" $$(\overline{X}\pm S\overline{x};\text{n}=6)$$

Group Research time Total calcium, mmol / l Inorganic phosphorus, mmol / l Alkaline phosphatase, units / l Norm ¹ 2.5-3.13 1.45-1.94 87.0 one Before experience 1.64 ± 0.01 2.41 ± 0.02 119.6 ± 1.69 After 60 days 2.59 ± 0.02 *** 1.93 ± 0.03 *** 88.4 ± 1.2 *** 2 Before experience 1.71 ± 0.02 2.32 ± 0.02 118.8 ± 7.21 After 60 days 2.71 ± 0.02 *** 1.92 ± 0.02 *** 88.2 ± 1.38 *** Control Before experience 1.82 ± 0.03- 2.42 ± 0.03 112.12 ± 0.97 After 60 days 1.97 ± 0.04 2.36 ± 0.04 116.1 ± 1.98 Notes: *** - P <0.001
- ¹ I.P. Kondrakhin (2004)

Analysis of the table showed that throughout the experiment, normalization of the calcium-phosphorus ratio was observed in the blood serum of the experimental groups — an increase in the level of total calcium and a decrease in total phosphorus.

In the group taken as a prototype in the blood of cows, copper decreased by 5.89%, zinc levels increased by 66.18%, manganese by 54.94%. In cow's milk, zinc levels increased by - 91; 26%, copper - by 11.46%, manganese - by 44.51%.

The milk productivity of cattle is the main economic and breeding trait in the evaluation and selection of animals for further development and use.

It should be noted that for the period of the experiment in the first experimental group, 819.0 ± kg of milk was obtained, which is 12.2% more compared to the group that did not receive micronutrient salts in addition to the main diet in the second experimental group with the combined use of salts of trace elements and the drug "Celerol" received 927.0 ± kg of milk, which is 20.7% more

Table 6

Indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense of the body against the background of the use of trace elements and the drug "Celerol" $$(\overline{X}\pm S\overline{x};\text{n}=6)$$

Group Research time Diene conjugates, E ₂₃₃ / ml Ketodienes, E ₂₇₈ / ml General polyene,
E ₂₂₀ / ml Foundations of Schiff, rel. units / m Catalase, mkat / l Alpha tocopherol, mcmol / l one Before experience 1.18 ± 0.05 0.59 ± 0.03 2.34 ± 0.05 0.79 ± 0.03 9.60 ± 0.08 0.71 ± 0.01 After 60 days 0.78 ± 0.02 *** 0.30 ± 0.03 *** 1.30 ± 0.04 *** 0.37 ± 0.03 *** 4.02 ± 0.11 *** 0.83 ± 0.01 2 Before experience 1.16 ± 0.03 0.67 ± 0.04 1.85 ± 0.07 0.82 ± 0.02 9.91 ± 0.17 0.78 ± 0.02 After 60 days 0.64 ± 0.04 *** 0.28 ± 0.02 *** 1.07 ± 0.03 *** 0.25 ± 0.02 *** 3.98 ± 0.15 *** 0.92 ± 0.02 * Control Before experience 1.06 ± 0.06 0.65 ± 0.02 1.82 ± 0.06 0.76 ± 0.04 10.91 ± 0.21 0.75 ± 0.03 After 60 days 1.53 ± 0.04 0.68 ± 0.04 1.76 ± 0.05 0.79 ± 0.02 9.46 ± 0.09 0.76 ± 0.03 Notes: * - P <0.05; *** - P <0.001

compared to control. For 305 days of lactation, the difference with the control group in the first experimental group was 6.6%, in the second 20.7%, respectively.

This fact confirms that the use of micronutrient salts and the Selerol preparation containing inorganic selenium and tocopherol in the complex can reduce the content of under-oxidized products in the blood by 72.0-93.0%, while dietary correction only for the missing microelements solves the problem of normalizing lipid peroxidation processes only by 39.0-73.0% (Table 6).

Comparing the results of studies with the data of the prototype method, it was found that over 30 days (the period of the use of trace elements by the author) milk yield increased by only 7.2%.

Thus, summarizing the obtained data, we can conclude that the advantage of the proposed method compared with the prototype and other solutions allowed us to recommend for use in the field of veterinary medicine to normalize mineral metabolism in cows in conditions of zonal micronutrient deficiency, along with diet correction for missing micronutrients, antioxidant preparation "Celerol" in a dose of 20-23 ml per head, once every 30-31 days, monthly during the period of operation of dairy cows.

Bibliography

1. Akhmadullina L.A. Pharmacocorrection of milk productivity of cows and milk quality in the technogenic zone of Argayash district of Chelyabinsk region [Text]: author. dis.kand. Vet.science: 16.00.04 / L.A. Ahmadullina. - Troitsk, 2002.- 24 p.

2. Ishmenev V.I. Features of treatment of osteodystrophy of dairy cows in the conditions of natural-technogenic province of the Southern Urals [Text]: author. dis.kand. Vet.science: 02/06/01. / IN AND. Ishmenev. - Troitsk, 2010 .-- 24 p.

3. Sabitov M.T. The influence of the use of protein-mineral additives in diets on the milk productivity of cows [Text]: author. dis.kand. Agricultural Sciences: / M.T. Sabitov. - Ufa, 2007 .-- 24 p.

Claims (1)

A method of correcting mineral metabolism in cows in a biogeochemical province, including the daily introduction into the main diet of animals of a complex of salts of trace elements - copper, manganese, zinc sulfates, characterized in that they simultaneously use selenol-containing anti-stress preparation “Selerol” in a dose of 20-23 ml per head once every 30-31 days, monthly, during the period of use of cows.