RU2734262C1 - Method for prevention of stress syndrome in highly productive cows contained in technogenic conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method for prevention of stress syndrome in highly productive cows contained in technogenic conditions. Method is characterized by feeding a stress corrector in dose of 150 mg per head per day for 50 days into the ration of cows. Stress corrector contains 95 % of coniferous-energy additive and 5 % choline chloride.EFFECT: invention usage allows to reduce losses of meat and dairy products.1 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to animal husbandry, and can be used to reduce the loss of meat and dairy products, to maintain the quality indicators of cattle caused by technological stress factors in growing and fattening.

Increasing productivity is inextricably linked with the implementation of radical measures to improve the feed base, improve existing, develop and introduce new production technologies.

In modern conditions of industrial animal husbandry, various stress factors act, which include fodder; technological; transport; stress associated with veterinary activities; with the physiological state of animals. One of the effective ways to increase the adaptive capabilities of the animal body is the regulation and stimulation of physiological functions using biologically active substances, biocorrectors of various links of the digestive and metabolic processes [1, 2, 3], the use of which in animal nutrition helps to improve physiological and biochemical processes, increase resistance to various kinds of diseases, obtaining high-quality livestock products. The use of phytobiotics is widespread - natural feed means, natural sources of vitamins, macro- and microelements, antioxidants. The positive effect of pine needles on the animal organism has long been noticed. There is information about the use of coniferous infusions in ancient times to accelerate the fattening of pigs, stimulate their reproductive functions, improve the general condition and performance of horses. The economically justified direction of using pine needles and products of its processing in feeding farm animals has become relatively recently, with the advent of new effective technologies [4].

In dairy farming, the most important period is the dry and new period. Highly productive animals during this period are especially sensitive to a deficiency in the diet of energy and nutrients, this is due to the more intensive metabolic processes occurring in the animal's body, which are spent on the development of the intrauterine fetus in the last 2-2.5 months and during the milk period. Therefore, to maintain health and increase productivity, it is necessary to increase the concentration of energy in the dry matter of the diet of highly productive cows, due to energy supplements [5, 6, 7, 8] will help to increase the energy nutritional value of cows rations, enrich them with vitamins and macro- and microelements, preserve productive health.

A promising direction in solving this problem is the use of anti-stress additives of plant and animal origin in animal husbandry practice, as well as various compositions based on natural minerals, which occupy a special place, since they are cheaper, act softer than synthetic ones, have low toxicity and, as a rule, do not have side effects.

The advantage of natural feed additives is due to the fact that they contain a complex of natural biologically active substances in an optimal combination, which, when introduced into the body, even in very small quantities, cause a certain effect.

In this regard, the search for more promising in livestock practice, technological methods for the exploitation of animals, as well as natural forage products that increase the body's resistance to various adverse environmental influences, due to their general tonic effect, positively affecting the health and productivity of livestock, ensuring environmental safety and economic efficiency agricultural products is relevant and has great scientific and practical importance.

The parameters of energy metabolism in highly productive cows are a critical factor in realizing their genetic potential and maintaining the parameters of productive longevity. The existing technological methods are aimed at obtaining maximum production throughout the entire production cycle. This creates the prerequisites for the emergence of "metabolic diseases", the main cause of which is the imbalance of individual nutritional elements. Diseases associated with the development of a negative energy balance should be given priority. Economic damage, from which is associated not only with a drop in milk production and reproduction parameters, but also can prevent the further exploitation of highly productive animals with severe metabolic disorders. A promising and little-studied direction is the use of combined supplements containing energy components, biologically active and mineral substances and vitamins.

Coniferous greens of wood contain carotene, chlorophyll, xanthophyll and other substances involved in the metabolism and synthesis of a number of vitamins in the animal body; moreover, carotene, which is provitamin A, is contained in needles twice as much as in carrots. In winter and autumn periods, the deficiency of vitamins can be replenished by adding pine and spruce needles to the diet, rich in vitamins A, C, B ₂ , K, E, P. 1 kg of green pine needles contains, mg: carotene - 60-130, vitamin C - 3000, vitamin K - 20, vitamin B ₂ - 5.

It has been established that feeding pine needles to domestic animals helps to prevent vitamin deficiency and increase their productivity, while not reducing the yield of meat and does not worsen its quality. The use of fresh crushed needles in experiments on young cattle reduced feed costs per unit of production by 5-10% compared to the control data.

Pine needles contain iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, potassium, sodium, calcium, etc. The high content of cobalt in needles explains the therapeutic effect of feeding it to cattle. In addition, the needles contain resinous substances, essential oils and phytoncides, which have a bacteriostatic effect on the intestinal microflora.

In connection with the above, the purpose of these studies was to study the effect of a coniferous energy supplement [9] enriched with choline chloride on increasing the energy nutritional value of diets, enriching them with vitamins, macro- and microelements, which makes it possible to increase the meat and dairy productivity of animals.

A method of preventing stress syndrome in highly productive cows kept in technogenic conditions, characterized by the fact that a stress corrector is introduced into the diet of cows at a dose of 150 mg per head per day for 50 days, while the stress corrector contains 95% of a coniferous energy supplement and 5% Choline Chloride.

The manufacturer of the coniferous energy additive (HED) is OOO STC "Khiminvest", Nizhny Novgorod [10]. HED is a homogeneous viscous liquid with a characteristic coniferous odor, olive green or dark green color, water content not more than 50%, pH 8.0-9.0, density not less than 1.126 g / cm ³ , mass fraction of carotene not less than 3 mg% per 100 g of extract. Studies of the chemical composition of CED showed a high content of B vitamins (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₉ ), as well as carotenoids and other biologically active compounds. The energy value of the coniferous energy supplement is 250 kcal / 100 g of the supplement.

Choline chloride is an organic substance that contains choline or vitamin B ₄ . Choline is an essential nutrient associated with water-soluble B vitamins, folate, pyridoxine, and B12, as well as the essential amino acid methionine. Choline is the main building block of lecithin.

Research and production tests to study the effect of the stress corrector were carried out in an agricultural enterprise LLC APF "Luch" in the Shalinsky district of the Sverdlovsk region.

To conduct scientific and industrial tests, an experimental and control group was formed according to the principle of analogous pairs, 20 animals each. The cows of the experimental group were given a feed additive (stress corrector) once at a dose of 150 mg per head per day. The cows of the control group received the main ration provided by the feeding technology. Physiological condition - active cows, 1-3 lactations 20 days in lactation. The duration of the study supplement feeding was 50 days.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the additive under study was carried out on the basis of a clinical examination of animals, using modern laboratory methods.

In order to study the metabolic effects of the studied feed additive, as well as to determine the possible negative effect on the body of lactating cows, biochemical blood tests were carried out.

Primary biochemical screening of the blood of background animals showed that in cows, in the period 13-15 days after calving, signs of metabolic disorders are recorded. Thus, in 20% of the cows surveyed, signs of impaired protein metabolism were revealed (a decrease in protein components in the blood - total protein and albumin). The revealed signs indicate disorders that prevent the normal assimilation of protein - a deficit in intake, a deficiency in assimilation, a violation of the synthesis of microbial protein, a violation of the ratio of the amino acid composition of feed, etc. In some cases, a decrease in the blood protein components in the blood may be due to significant decomposition of crude protein in the rumen , without sufficient synthesis of bacterial protein. In 20%) of the studied cows, the accumulation of the end products of nitrogen metabolism, urea, in the blood was recorded, which indicates a significant increase in the production of ammonia in the rumen and its intensive utilization during the decomposition of crude protein. A decrease in the level of total cholesterol in the blood was found in 10% of the examined animals. Signs of impairment in the ratio of the parameters of mineral metabolism were recorded in 50% of cows, expressed in subclinical hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. The percentage of identified metabolic disorders indicates a discrepancy between the needs of the cows' organism and their actual intake during this physiological period when assessing protein, mineral and energy metabolism. It should be noted that the established structure of metabolic disorders in general corresponds to the average regional values for a given population of cattle.

In the course of laboratory screening, in cows that received a feed additive, as well as intact cows, no signs of intoxication and severe metabolic disorders were found, which indicates the absence of a negative effect of the feed additive on the organism of highly productive cows.

Group analysis of the biochemical profile of cows showed that metabolic parameters changed symmetrically in cows of the examined groups at different points of screening. Thus, the total protein in both groups remained stable for 90 days of observation: the total protein content in the blood of the experimental cows at the beginning of the experiment was 73.84 ± 4.30 g / l, and after 90 days it was 74.08 ± 6.59 g / l. l, by analogy in the control group 77.21 ± 5.52 g / l and 78.19 ± 6.80 g / l. Analysis of the albumin-globulin index showed that in cows, the maximum values are recorded 1.5 months after the start of the experiment, reaching 1.00 ± 0.14 c.u. in the experimental group, and 0.96 ± 0.27 c.u. in the control group. ... The initial and final screening points show that the albumin-globulin index in both groups was in a narrow range of values - 0.80-0.89 c.u.

The urea content tended to decrease throughout the entire experiment, reaching minimum values at the second screening point (1.5 months) - 2.89 ± 1.11 mmol / L and 2.80 ± 1.17 mmol / L in the blood of the experimental and control group, respectively. The creatinine level also reached minimum values in cows 1.5 months after the start of the experiment. However, the average level of creatinine in the blood of the control group was 69.16 ± 13.05 µmol / L, while in the experimental group the mean value was 80.32 µmol / L, which is expressed as a 16% difference. The direct correlation between the creatinine level and the muscle mass of animals suggests that by the 45th day of observation, the risks of muscle loss in lactating cows that received a coniferous energy supplement are significantly lower than in intact animals.

A feature of the parameters of mineral metabolism is the tendency to accumulate in the blood by the 45th day of the experiment, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus. Thus, the content of total calcium in the blood of cows before feeding the coniferous energy supplement was at the level of 2.34 ± 0.19 mmol / L, at the second screening point - 2.40 ± 0.19 mmol / L, and at the final stage 2, 27 ± 0.13 mmol / L. Inorganic phosphorus of blood serum at the initial point was at the level of 1.50 ± 0.32 mmol / L, reaching a maximum by the 45th day - 2.07 ± 0.39 mmol / L, and then decreasing to the level of 2.00 ± 0, 33 mmol / l. The dynamics of indicators of mineral metabolism in cows of the control group had a similar trend, and the difference between the groups was in the zone of statistical error. Thus, by the end of the research and production test, the level of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood of cows in the control group was 2.29 ± 0.09 mmol / L and 2.15 ± 0.39 mmol / L, respectively, and the difference between the experimental and control groups 0.9% for calcium and 7.5% for phosphorus, in favor of the control group.

The parameters of lipid metabolism maintained a stable upward trend when compared with the metabolic profile of the background animals, reaching maximum values 45 days after the start of feeding the supplement. The total cholesterol level in the cows of the experimental group increased by 123.3% by the 45th day of observation, and averaged 7.77 ± 1.35 mmol / l, while in the control group the indicator increased 33.6%) reaching values of 7.80 ± 1.51 mmol / L. Metabolic changes registered in the blood of cows of experimental cows indicate the intensive development of tissue 1 in the mammary gland, as well as the normal consumption of dry matter of feed, which should potentially affect the milk production of animals.

The study of the activity of indicator enzymes: ACT, GGTP, GLDH, which are markers of hepatocyte alteration during individual biochemical clinical examination of animals, shows that lesions of the hepato-biliary system are common among animals. Thus, metabolic signs of damage to the hepato-biliary system were on average at the level of 37.5-40.0%. No significant differences were found between the examined groups. Pathological metabolic signs were recorded equally in cows in both the experimental and control groups. The activity of the studied enzymes varied significantly due to significant deviations in cows with pathology, therefore, the group analysis does not reflect the clinical picture in the context of each studied group.

Thus, the biochemical screening performed shows that the cows that received the feed additive did not show signs of intoxication and metabolic disorders. The positive effect of the drug on the parameters of protein and lipid metabolism was established. The survey did not establish the effect of the supplement fed on the parameters characterizing mineral metabolism. During biochemical screening, the hepatoprotective properties of the coniferous energy supplement were not revealed, since the number of animals with signs of hepato-biliary system damage in the experimental and control groups were equal and were in the range of 37.5-40.0%).

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the feed additive was determined on the basis of the results of milk production of dairy cows during the first 4 months of lactation. Comparative analysis of the results of control milking showed that the milk productivity of cows in the experimental group for 4 months of observation was higher than in the comparison group by an average of 4.41%. In gross terms, the average indicator for cows in the experimental group was 33.56 + 1.66 kg, versus 32.23 + 1.39 kg in the control.

The maximum increase in gross milk production in the experimental group was noted in the 2nd and 3rd months of lactation, while in cows of the control group, milk flow rates were reduced when compared with the first month of observation. The maximum positive difference between the groups towards the experimental animals was noted in the second month after calving - + 14.61%). It should be noted that in the first month, the milk productivity of the cows of the experimental group was reduced, presumably due to the period of "getting used to" the taste of the feed additive.

In order to study the effect of CED on the indicators of milk productivity of cows, depending on the lactation number, all animals were conditionally divided into 4 groups: Experienced - 1st lactation, experimental -2-3 lactation, control - 1st lactation, control 2-3 lactation ...

The analysis of the obtained results showed that the studied feed additive shows the greatest efficiency in relation to cows for 2-3 lactations - the average indicators of milk productivity for 4 months were 34.69 ± 2.38 kg, while in the negative control group 31.75 ± 1, 94 kg, up 9.88%. At the same time, milk productivity indices in primary heifers did not differ significantly. Receiving additional production in cows of 2-3rd lactation, excluding the first month of adaptation, calculated from the second month after calving, averaged 16.39%.

An additional study of the effect of CED showed that the feed additive increases the indicators of milk productivity, both in cows with a productivity of up to 30 kg / day in the first month, and in the group of cows with a productivity of more than 30.0 kg of milk per day. Nevertheless, the lactogenic effect is more pronounced in cows with a productivity of less than 30 kg / head per day - the difference between the experimental and control groups was 10.75%. In cows of the experimental group with a productivity of more than 30 kg / head in the first month of lactation, for the entire observation period, the gross milk production was 2.44% higher - 34.69 ± 2.15 kg versus 34.03 ± 2.99 kg in the control ...

Thus, the studies carried out have established that the use of a feed additive has a beneficial effect on the indicators of milk productivity of cows in experimental cows. The greatest effect is observed when the supplement is fed to cows of 2-3 lactations with a milk yield of up to 30 kg of milk in the first month of lactation.

A comparative analysis of the quantitative parameters of the reproductive function of cows in the experimental and control groups showed that the use of coniferous energy supplements promotes an increase in reproduction rates. It was found that the percentage of fertilized cows during the primary insemination of the experimental group was 65.0%, while the same indicator for cows in the control group was 35.0%. The total fertilization rate in animals during the observation period did not have significant differences - 80.0%) experimental group, 85.0%) control group. The fertilization index in the group of cows receiving CED was the best and averaged 1.19.

The greatest effect in the group of experimental animals was established when studying the period from childbirth to fruitful insemination. Thus, the service period in the cows of the experimental group averaged 68.00 ± 17.69 * days, which is 30.41 days less than in the cows of the control group.

Thus, a positive effect of the feed additive on the quantitative indicators of the reproductive function of cows in the experimental group was established.

Studies have shown the high efficiency of the feed additive when introduced into the diet of cattle, at a dose of 150 mg per head per day for 50 days.

The use of a feed additive to lactating cows (20 days in lactation) has a positive effect on the indicators of protein and lipid metabolism, signs of the development of intoxication and metabolic disorders due to feeding with CED have not been established.

The immunological parameters of the blood of the control groups, on average, exceeded the parameters of the experimental animals, within the physiological limits. When researching after 1.5 months, as well as after 3 months of observation. Feeding lactating cows with supplements stimulates milk production and improves reproductive function.

Thus, the feed additive can be recommended for use in animal husbandry to compensate for the metabolic energy deficit, increase milk productivity and reproduction parameters, and maintain the quality indicators of cattle caused by technological stress factors during growing and fattening.

Sources of information

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Claims (1)

A method of preventing stress syndrome in highly productive cows kept in technogenic conditions, characterized by the fact that a stress corrector is introduced into the diet of cows at a dose of 150 mg per head per day for 50 days, while the stress corrector contains 95% of a coniferous energy supplement and 5% Choline Chloride.