RU2489896C2 - Method for maral stag feeding in antler initial growth period - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to antler deer farming, in particular, to methods for feeding maral stags in the antler initial growth period. The method for feeding maral stags in the antler initial growth period involves feeding a ration consisting of hay, silage and concentrates. The ration additionally contains "Belkoff-M" protein (fed during February, March and April in an amount accounting for 3%, 7% and 7% of the ration feeding value respectively), "Ketostop-EL" hydrocarbon additive (fed during February and March in an amount accounting for 2% and 1% of the feeding value respectively), "Minvit 3.27" mineral-and-vitamin additive (fed during March and April in an amount accounting for 0.1% of the feeding value), "Liquid Polysaccharides" (fed during April in an amount accounting for 1% of the feeding value); the ratio hay: silage: concentrates (in terms of feeding value) is equal to 33:40:22 in February, 31:40:21 in March and 24:39:70 in April. Hay, silage and concentrates are given to animals during the morning, daytime and evening feed respectively; additives "Belkoff-M", "Ketostop-EL" and "Minvit 3.27" are fed together with concentrates while "Liquid Polysaccharides" - with silage.

EFFECT: proposed method usage will ensure additional yield of raw antlers and reduction of base fodders expenditure.

2 cl, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to antler reindeer husbandry, in particular to methods for feeding red deer stags during the period of antler growth.

A known method of feeding red deer stags, including feeding a diet consisting of coarse (hay, straw, wood-twig feed), succulent (hay, silage) and concentrated feed, based on the calculation: in February - roughage 40-55%, succulent feed - 35-45%, concentrated - 8-12% in nutrition; in March and April - roughage - 20-30%, juicy - 40-50% and concentrated - 25-35% in nutrition.

However, when analyzing this diet (using the Plinor computer program of the AWP “Feed rations” program), it was found that this diet is not balanced by unsplit protein and sugar protein ratio, has an insufficient content of basic macro- and micronutrients with an excess of dry matter and a lack of sugar and crude protein. The use of this diet does not allow to fully realize the genetic potential of stag beetles, an excess of dry matter in the diet with a limited scar capacity leads to a large residue of feed in waste, i.e. to excessive consumption of feed (See Huntsman V.N., Deev N.G. Antler reindeer husbandry. - M., 1994. - S.61-77 - prototype).

It is necessary to develop a method for feeding red deer stags during the period of the initial growth of antlers, which allows using antler feed and optimal feeding balance to increase the antler productivity of red deer stags while reducing the cost of the main feed.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of feeding red deer stags, including feeding a diet consisting of hay, silage and concentrates, the diet further comprises a protein supplement "Belkoff-M", fed during February, March, April at the rate of 3, 7 , and 7% according to the nutritional value of the diet, respectively, the Ketostop carbohydrate supplement fed during February and March at the rate of 2 and 1% according to the dietary nutrition, respectively, the Minvit-3.27 mineral and vitamin supplement fed during March-Aprilat the rate of 0.1% for the nutritional value of the diet, liquid "Polysaccharides" fed in April at the rate of 1% for the nutritional value of the diet, while the ratio of the nutritional value of hay: silage: concentrates in February is 33:40:22 and March 31:40:21 , in April - 24:39:70, respectively, while hay is set for morning feeding, silage for lunch and concentrates for evening feeding, and the additives Belkoff-M, Ketostop-EL and Minvit 3.27 are fed with concentrates, "Liquid polysaccharides" with a silo, and the time between feedings is not more than 4 hours.

In winter time, due to the lack of feed in the wild, deer metabolism decreases in the winter. In February, metabolic processes intensify as a result of an increase in natural hormonal status, which affects the need to increase the intake of nutrients from food, which subsequently has a beneficial effect on antler productivity.

The essence of the method of feeding red deer stags during the period of the initial growth of antlers consists in finding the optimal balance between the natural intensity of the growth of antlers in the spring and the quantity and quality of the nutrients required for this growth during feeding, as well as the optimal sequence of feeding the components of the diet in during the day.

Additive "Belkoff-M" (TU No. 9296-008-70755562-08) is a 100% natural soy protein obtained by processing soybeans processed by mechanical (extrusion) method. It eliminates anti-nutritional factors using heat treatment in a narrow temperature range. The use of this supplement in the diet of marals allows to reduce the problems of scar dysfunction (acidosis, ruminitis, parakeratosis, lameness) associated with the traditional consumption of concentrates with a high level of starch, while improving the energy saturation of the diet and increasing the protein content. Soy extrudate for adults and young animals improves the taste of compound feed (grain), which contributes to rapid addiction and increased eatability. Extrusion sharply reduces the breakdown of soy protein in the rumen, generally improves the amino acid composition of the fodder masses (chyme) in the small intestine and at the same time reduces the formation of ammonia, which contributes to a significant retention of additional nitrogen in the animal organism, therefore, additional protein cytosis.

Ketostop-EL additive (TU 9296-017-11138747-2007) is a special nutrition complex (feed) for cattle. Moreover, the composition of this product, in addition to energy sources and protein, contains amino acids, organic acids, carotenoids, dietary fiber, phospholipids, and B vitamins. Also, Ketostop-EL contains propionate sources that contribute to the synthesis of glucose in the blood, precursors for the formation of enzymes, amino acids, selenium in the organic form of plant origin.

Mineral and vitamin supplement “Minvit 3.27” (TU 9291-001-52209258-2002) contains vitamins A, D3, E and the optimal content of macro- and microelements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, copper, zinc, manganese, iodine and cobalt), which are especially necessary during the period of growth of antlers.

“Liquid polysaccharides” (TU 9296-023-60970934-2009) are a mixture of easily digestible carbohydrates with polysaccharides of various nature. In animals, polysaccharides enhance the synthesis of cicatricial microflora, which is extremely important for stabilizing the pH of the scar. The carbohydrate substances contained in the polysaccharides improve the quality of the silo and compensate for the loss of its properties during laying and storage. In addition, polysaccharides, in particular oligosugar, are metabolized to form propionate and increase the concentration of glucose in the blood, maintaining a positive energy balance.

Experience in the development of optimal parameters of the method was carried out on the basis of a standard maral husbandry on red deer stags of 9-12 years of age, which were used in 2010. Experienced animals were placed in separate winters equipped with feeders for feeding juicy and concentrated feeds and running water sources. Served as control animals (maral stag) of the herd when feeding the same diet as the experimental animals without the use of feed additives.

The main diet consisted of grass and grass hay, corn silage and concentrates (a mixture of oats, barley, peas, bran).

As additives in the experiment were used: protein supplement "Belkof-M" (TU 9296-008-70755562-080), carbohydrate supplement "Ketostop-EL" (TU 9296-017-11138747-2007), mineral and vitamin supplement "Minvit 3.27 "(TU 9291-001-82209258-2002)," Liquid polysaccharides "(TU 9296-023-60970934-2009). The dietary structure was adjusted monthly in accordance with the physiological needs of animals, from February to May, taking into account feed intake and the intensity of growth and development of antlers.

In order to determine the effect of the order of delivery of dietary components (hay, silage, concentrates enriched with additives) during the day (morning, afternoon and evening feeding) on feed intake, studies were conducted on 6 groups of stag deer (n = 10), shown in the table 1. The time between feedings was 4 hours.

Table 1 Feed intake during the day,% Experience number Morning feeding Day feeding Evening feeding Eatability,% (average value) one Hay Concentrates Silage 86.6 2 Hay Silage Concentrates 91.3 3 Silage Hay Concentrates 84,4 four Silage Concentrates Hay 82.7 5 Concentrates Hay Silage 84.3 6 Concentrates Silage Hay 81.4

Studies have shown that the optimal sequence of feed delivery during the day is: in the morning feeding - hay, daily feeding - silage and evening feeding - concentrates with feed intake of 91.3%.

Based on the growth dynamics of antlers and the need for nutrients necessary for their growth and development, the time (month) for introducing a particular feed additive into the main diet was justified taking into account the dose of the supplement required for a given period. Thus, the need for a protein supplement was felt both in February, and in March and April, and due to the high growth rate of antlers in March and April, the dose of protein supplement in these months was 2.3 times higher than in February and amounted to 7% of the nutritional value of the diet, compared with 3% in February. The greatest need for a carbohydrate supplement was felt in February and March, and for a mineral and vitamin supplement in March and April. The introduction of liquid “Polysaccharides” into the diet in April (with a decrease in the quality of silage in April and the need to compensate for the loss of its properties) made it possible to strengthen the synthesis of cicatricial microflora, and also to maintain the sugar-protein ratio at the required level in late spring. The structure of the diet of red deer stag in the spring (before grazing) is shown in table 2.

table 2 The structure of the diet of red deer stag Type of feed February March April kg % nutritional kg % nutritional kg % nutritional Grass and grass hay four 33 four 31 3,5 24 Corn silo 12 40 12 40 fourteen 39 Concentrates one 22 one 21 1,5 29th Belkoff-M OD 3 0.25 7 0.35 7 Ketostop-EL 0.06 2 0.08 one - - "Liquid polysaccharides" - - - 0.08 one Minvit 3.27 - - 0.1 - 0.1 - TOTAL 17,2 100.0 17.4 100.0 19.5 100.0

The nutritional value of diets for months is given in table 3.

Table 3 Nutritional value of diets for months Indicator February March April Feed units 4.77 4.96 5.86 Exchange energy, MJ 58.03 60.1 68.12 ECE 5.54 5.74 6.51 Dry matter, g 6629.0 6771.8 7214.0 Crude protein, g 714.3 814.2 990.8 Including digestible, g 450.3 527.4 672.4 Digestible protein in 1 unit 94 107 117 Crude fiber, g 1879.1 1895.8 1920.9 Sugar, g 314.8 316.2 428.5 Sugar / Protein 0.8 / 1 0.8 / 1 0.8 / 1 Nitrogen-free extractive substances, g 3334.5 3334.5 3584.5 Crude Fat, g 165.3 179.4 201.6 Carotene, mg 579.5 579.5 641.6 Calcium g 34.9 65.5 67.3 Phosphorus, g 11.2 14.8 19.3 Magnesium g 13.49 17.49 17.34 Potassium g 64.03 64.03 69.98 Sodium, g 8.91 8.91 8.16 Sulfur, g 9.44 10.42 10.77 Chlorine g 22.97 22.97 22.72 Iron mg 1095.9 1095.9 1164.2 Copper mg 37.59 37.62 42.02 Zinc mg 148.6 148.71 168.41 Manganese, mg 153.5 153.54 169.04 Cobalt, mg 0.10 0.10 0.13

As can be seen from table 2, as a result of research, this dietary structure for stag deer ensured not only high nutritional value of diets by months, but also a positive growth dynamics of all indicators from February to April inclusive, which is a necessary condition due to the changing growth rate of antlers . So, by the beginning of the pasture period (May), the exchange energy of the diet was at the level of 68.12 mJ, which is 17.4% higher than its value in February. The energy feed unit from February to April inclusively increased by 19.7%, digestible protein by 49.3%, which amounted to 115 g in April per 1 feed. units (at a rate during the period of intensive growth of antlers 110-120 g). Sugar protein ratio for the entire study period remained at the required level. The growth of almost all micro and macro elements in the diet was noted.

The feed intake of the main feed during the experiment was,%: cereal-mixed grass hay - 85, corn silage - 90, concentrates - 100 compared to the control group, where these indicators were at the level,%: 76, 82, 94, respectively.

To determine the physiological state of the animals of the experimental groups, blood samples were taken to determine the biochemical composition. Biochemical blood tests allow you to control the usefulness of feeding. Indicators of blood serum of maral stag are presented in table 4.

Table 4 Blood counts of stag deer Indicator Blood test on 02.24.11 g Blood test on 04/29/11 g Hemoglobin, g / l 112.40 ± 10.2 119.2 ± 6.67 Total protein, g / l 76.72 ± 1.64 64.4 ± 0.69 Albumin, g / l 37.41 ± 1.86 35.05 ± 2.82 Glucose, mg% 18.48 ± 1.30 22.32 ± 0.88 Calcium, mmol / L 1.20 ± 0.11 3.48 ± 0.48 ** Phosphorus, mmol / L 2.07 ± 0.24 5.77 ± 0.35 *** Potassium g / kg 1.20 ± 0.07 1.95 ± 0.21 * Sodium, g / kg 2.43 ± 0.15 2.57 ± 0.13 Magnesium g / kg 0.04 ± 0.01 0.05 ± 0.05 Iron, mg / kg 157.9 ± 4.03 164.1 ± 4.86 where * - p ≤0.05; ** - p≤0.01; *** - p≤0.001.

As can be seen from table 4, a significant increase in the content of calcium and phosphorus by the end of the experiment was established compared with the first month of the experiment. So, the calcium content in the blood increased 2.9 times, phosphorus - 2.8 times. An increase in the content of these mineral elements predetermines an increase in the intensity of mineral metabolism in the stag organism. There was an upward trend in hemoglobin, glucose and a slight increase in potassium, sodium, magnesium and iron. A decrease in the level of protein in the blood is due to the intensive growth of antlers. The discharge of crowns in animals of the experimental groups occurred 10-12 days earlier compared to the control (market stag).

An early discharge of crowns indicates the good nutrition of the maral head and the sufficiency of the feeding level at which the animal displays its genetic potential to the maximum.

After completion of the pantorez company, a comparative analysis of the growth of antler antlers of stag beetles with previous years and the control group that did not receive a complex of feed additives was carried out (table 5).

Table 5 Maral productivity indicator Indicator Year 2009 2010 2011 The level of antler productivity on average for the herd, kg 5.61 n = 1107 5.45 n = 953 5.91 n = 1096 The productivity of experienced stags 9-12 years (n = 125) 7.61 7.41 8.69 The increase in antler antler stags compared to last year, kg - -0.20 1.28 Productivity of commodity stags 9-12 years (n = 70) - control 6.67 6.51 6.94 The increase in antlers of commodity stag compared with last year, kg - -0.16 0.43 An additional increase in antler antlers of the experimental group compared with the control (stags of the herd), kg 0.850

The level of antler productivity of stag beetles participating in the experiment (n = 125) in 2011 amounted to 8.69 kg. The increase in antlers from them compared to last year amounted to 1.28 kg or 17%. In the commercial stag of the main herd (peers by age, n = 70 (control), the antler productivity was 6.94 kg in 2011. The increase in antlers was 0.43 kg or 7% compared to last year.

The gain of stag antlers obtained in comparison with the previous year serves as an objective indicator of the animal productivity and health class, as it expresses the degree of the stag’s realized ability to increase the greater mass of antlers with age within the limits determined by the biology of this species.

That is, it can be noted that stag beetles participating in the experiment and receiving a complex of feed and mineral additives had a greater increase in antlers per year (17%) than analogues of the herd stock (an increase of 7%).

The additional gain of raw antlers from the stag of the experimental group relative to control (analogues of the herd) amounted to 850 g. With the yield of canned antlers 36-38% of the raw by weight, this is 300 g. Revenue from the sale of additional growth of antlers (at a cost of 1 kg of canned antlers 250 $ and the ruble exchange rate of 28 rubles for 1 $) is 2100 rubles. on the head. In addition, the use of the claimed method (taking into account the feed intake) allowed to reduce the cost of feed: hay by 18%, silage by 16%, concentrates by 36% compared with the control.

Example. The following was harvested at the maral breeding farm: oat-oat hay, silage (corn and sunflower), concentrates (oats, barley, peas, wheat bran). In late January, determine the nutritional value of the prepared feed and make up the diet according to the claimed method.

Based on the fact that the generally accepted nutritious diet of stag beetles of 9-12 years of age in February and March is 4.8-5.0 ke (about 1.8 ke per 100 kg of live weight), the composition of the February diet is calculated (according to the method), where 1.62 ke (33% in nutrition) falls on hay, 1.96 ke (40% in nutrition) for silage and 1.1 ke (22% in nutrition) for concentrates, 0.15 c.u. to the additive "Belkoff-M" and 0.1 ke Ketostop-EL additive. In physical terms, this is 3.6 kg of vetch oat hay, 11 kg of corn and sunflower silage, 0.8 kg of concentrates, 100 g of Belkoff-M additive and 60 g of Ketostop-El additive. Feed distribution is carried out according to the scheme: in the morning (8 ⁰⁰ -9 ⁰⁰ ) - hay, in the afternoon (12 ⁰⁰ -13 ⁰⁰ ) - silage, in the evening (16 ⁰⁰ -17 ⁰⁰ ) - concentrates with the addition of Belkoff-M and Ketostop-EL »Pre-mixed with concentrates. The March diet (according to the method) is calculated and set in a similar way, and in addition to the Belkoff-M and Ketostop-EL additives, the Minvit 3.27 additive in the amount of 100 g per animal is also added with concentrates.

In April, the nutritional value of the diet of red deer stags (according to the generally accepted methodology) should be increased to 5.9 k.e. and the diet according to the claimed method is calculated on the basis of this nutritional value when the additives are added to the diet: Belkoff-M, Liquid Polysaccharides and Minvit 3.27, while Liquid Polysaccharides are introduced with silo, after diluting them with water at the rate of 1 liter "Liquid polysaccharides" for 2-3 liters of warm water. The sequence of feed should be followed throughout the entire period.

Claims (2)

1. A method of feeding red deer stag during the period of initial growth of antlers, including feeding a diet consisting of hay, silage and concentrates, characterized in that the diet additionally contains a protein supplement "Belkoff-M", fed during February, March, April at the rate of 3, 7, 7% of the nutritional value of the diet, respectively, the Ketostop-EL carbohydrate supplement, fed during February, March at the rate of 2 and 1% of the nutritional value, respectively, the Minvit 3.27 mineral and vitamin supplement, fed during March April from calculation that 0.1% in nutrition, “Liquid polysaccharides”, fed in April at the rate of 1% in diet, with the ratio of nutrition of hay: silage: concentrates in February is 33:40:22, in March - 31:40:21 , April - 24:39:70, respectively, with hay being set in the morning, silage in the daytime and concentrates in the evening feeding, and the additives Belkoff-M, Ketostop-EL and Minvit 3.27 are fed with concentrates and "Liquid Polysaccharides" - with silo. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the time between feedings is not more than 4 hours