RU2351150C1 - Method of feeding maral-stags - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention pertains to Siberian stag breeding, particularly to the method of feeding maral-stags. The essence of the method lies in feeding maral-stags during the spring period in rations consisting of hay, silage, oats, and dried beet pulp, in the following ratio of components, in wt %: hay - 20.0-30.0; silage - 55.0-65.0; oats - 10.0-12.5; dry beet pulp - 2.5-5.0. Feeding in the given rations starts 2 weeks before weight loss.

EFFECT: method increases production of maral-stags, reduces consumption of concentrates, reduces susceptibility of maral-stags to attack by fly larva.

3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to antler reindeer husbandry, in particular to a method for feeding red deer stag in spring when using sugar beet, namely dry beet granulated beet pulp, as an additive to the main feed.

There is a method of feeding sika deer stag in the spring, including feeding a diet of hay, concentrates and silage with the additional inclusion in the diet of a processed product of sugar beet molasses with a content of 45% sugar. The beginning of feeding is April 21 (the period of mass discharge of crowns and the beginning of the growth of antlers), the duration of feeding is 30 days (until May 21), the dose of 0.5 kg of molasses (See “Antler reindeer husbandry”, Scientific works, volume 30, M., 1984, S. 72-77; "Molasses in the diets of antler deer" - prototype). Using this feeding method, according to studies, it was possible to increase the live weight of deer by 8.2%, however, an increase in the content of easily digestible carbohydrates in the feed (the introduction of molasses) did not significantly affect the growth rate of antlers and their weight.

It is necessary to develop a method for feeding red deer stags in the spring (using waste products from sugar beet), which ensures an increase in the antler productivity of red deer while reducing the consumption of concentrates, as well as by improving the quality of the antlers by shifting their growth to an earlier period, thereby reducing the time of exposure of the antler fly, with a mass brood of adults, on antlers.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the diet of red deer stags, consisting of hay, silage and concentrates (oats) in the spring, additionally contains dry beet pulp in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

hay 20.0-30.0 silage 55.0-65.0 oats 10.0-12.5 dry beet pulp 2.5-5.0

while feeding this diet begins 2 weeks before the massive discharge of crowns (decline).

The essence of the method is as follows. The study of antler deer biorhythms made it possible to distinguish three periods in the annual cycle of stag beetles, when intensive feeding is necessary: preparation for the run (August - the first half of October), autumn "bait" (second half of October - November), and antler rearing (March - June). Experiments have shown that the beginning of enhanced feeding of stag beetles in the spring period causes shifts in the growth of antlers to an earlier period. At this time, the consumption of concentrates in practice can reach up to 25-35% in the structure of the diet, which implies a large consumption of concentrates, and therefore, the cost of the diet and the cost of antler products. Studies have also revealed that during this period there is a high demand for stag beetles for the presence of micro and macro elements. Therefore, the introduction of dry beet pulp in the diet of red deer stags (with a partial replacement of concentrates), containing macronutrients by 30-60%, micronutrients by 22% more than in oats, made it possible to fill the need of animals with a sufficient amount of amino acids and vitamins, which provided not only an increase in antler productivity, but also a significant shift in the growth of antlers to an earlier period. However, it was also revealed in the course of research that the degree of positive influence of the introduction of dry beet pulp into the diet depends on the ratio of components. The limiting values of the components of the diet and introduced beet pulp to achieve the stated result were identified in the research process. Biochemical analysis of dry beet pulp showed that, in addition to a high content of micro and macro elements, it still contains in sufficient quantities the entire spectrum of essential and non-essential amino acids and has a high metabolic energy of 9.78 MJ (in oats 8.8 MJ), and the presence of vitamin A - 38.13 mgk% (practically absent in oats), high nutritional value (0.93 units) and increases the sugar-protein ratio. The use of one or another type of diet, for example: hay (50% hay, 30% silage, 20% concentrates (oats), silage (30% hay, 50% silage, 20% concentrates), mixed (40% silo, 40% hay , 20% of concentrates), as practice has shown, significantly influences the growth and development of antlers in the spring. The fact is that with the onset of warm days, the eatability of hay is significantly reduced, which is why the silage was laid on the basis of the development of the claimed method type of feeding with the beginning of the introduction of dry beet pulp 2 weeks before mass vogo reset crowns.

The studies were carried out on 54 red deer stags, similar in age, live weight and antler productivity, divided into 9 groups and placed in separate winter areas of 0.5 hectares, equipped with feed platforms for feeding hay, silage, oats in the presence of solonetz and running water supply.

The nutritional value of the rations corresponded to that required during the growth of antlers (2.2 ced units per 100 kg of live weight of animals). In the process of research, 3 production experiments were carried out, differing in the quantitative ratio of diet components. The experimental design is shown in table 1.

Table 1 Experience number The composition of the diet Group I control II (experimental) III (experimental) kg % kg % kg % one Hay 3.3 20,0 3.3 20,0 3.3 20,0 Silage 11.5 65.0 11.5 65.0 11.5 65.0 Oats 2.6 15.0 2.2 12.5 1.7 10.0 Beet pulp - - 0.4 2.5 0.9 5,0 Total 17.4 100.0 17.4 100.0 17.4 100.0 Nutrition 5.88 5.90 5.91 2 Hay 4.7 30,0 4.7 30,0 4.7 30,0 Silage 8.7 55.0 8.7 55.0 8.7 55.0 Oats 2,4 15.0 2.0 12.5 2.0 10.0 Beet pulp - - 0.4 2.5 0.4 5,0 Total 15.8 100.0 15.8 100.0 15.8 100.0 Nutrition 5.95 5.93 5.96 3 Hay 5.5 35.0 5.5 35.0 5.5 35.0 Silage 7.9 50,0 7.9 50,0 7.9 50,0 Oats 2,4 15.0 2.0 12.5 1,6 10.0 Beet pulp - - 0.4 2.5 0.8 5,0 Total 15.8 100.0 15.8 100.0 15.8 100.0 Nutrition 6.1 6.1 6.1

The timing for cutting and maturing antlers depends on the level of feeding and meteorological conditions. Even in one herd, the duration of antler growth in different years is different. If the crowns are dropped early and in the future antlers grow intensively - this is an indicator of the good physiological condition (animals) of the herd. The growth rate of the horns increases with age and the discharge of crowns and the growth of antlers in older animals (8-12 years) is carried out earlier. Mass discharge of crowns, depending on the meteorological conditions of the year, is shifting in one direction or another. In practice, the timing of the mass discharge of crowns is determined as follows. In a herd, as a rule, the first to drop crowns are 2-3 (the most well-fed, 9-10 year old) stag beetles, this time is the starting point from which, after two weeks, a massive discharge of crowns in the herd begins. Based on this practice, in the experiments of 2006, a massive discharge of crowns was to begin on March 29-30. Thus, the start date of feeding the diet with dry beet pulp was on March 15, that is, 2 weeks before the start of the proposed mass discharge of crowns.

All experimental stag beetles for a month (from March 19 to April 20) dropped their crowns. The dynamics of discharge depending on the diet and the percentage of replacement of concentrated feed with beet pulp, according to the experimental scheme, are shown in table 2.

Table 2. Date of Crown Drop Experience 1 Experience 2 Experience 3 Groups I control II experienced III experienced I control II experienced III experienced I control II experienced III experienced 03/19 03/20 * 03/21 03/22 03/23 * 03/24 03.03 * 03/26 * 03/27 03/28 * * 03/29 * * 30.03 * * 03/31 * * 04/01 ** * 04/02 * 04/03 * 04.04 * 04/05 * ** * 04/06 * * * * 04/07 * 04/08 04/09 * * * * * 10.04 * * * 11.04 * * ** 12.04 * * * * 04/13 04/14 * 04/15 * ** 04/16 * ** 04.17 04/18 * 04/19 * 04/20 * *

As follows from table 2, when comparing the control groups of each experiment (in the absence of beet pulp in the diet), the discharge of crowns in animals and the beginning of antler growth in the first experiment (diet: hay - 20, silage - 65, oats - 15%) occurred in 5 animals from April 3 to April 15; in the second experiment (in control) (ration: hay - 30, silo - 55, oats - 15%) mass discharge of crowns - from April 6 to 19 and in the third experiment (diet: hay - 35, silo - 50, oats - 15 %) - from April 9 to April 20. Thus, an increase in the amount of hay in the diet with an equal amount of oats shifted the discharge of crowns at a later date. However, the introduction of 2.5-5% dry beet pulp into the diet in the 1st and 2nd experiments markedly shifted the term for crowns discharge, and therefore the beginning of antler growth, so in group 2 of the 1st experiment the main (5 pcs.) Crowns were dropped on March 26 - April 7, and in the second experiment (group 2) from March 29 to April 10. In the third experiment, in the presence of 35% of hay in the diet, the introduction of dry beet pulp into the diet did not work for a positive result, the crowns were dropped at the level of the control group of the first experiment (from 4 to 16 (group II) and from April 6 to 20 (group III) 3rd experience). As can be seen from table 2, the introduction, or rather the replacement of 2.5 or 5% of oats in the diet with bagasse, practically did not give any differences in performance (in terms of the effect on the discharge time of crowns). However, replacing 5% concentrates with pulp was more economical than without replacing oats with pulp. From the above analysis, it follows that 2.5 and 5% replacement of the concentrate with a ratio of diet components: hay 20.0-30.0%, silo 55.0-65.0% is more effective at shifting the crown discharge term and beginning of antler growth. , oats 10.0-12.5%, dry beet pulp 2.5-5.0%.

Antler-stag antlers are the main products for which they are bred.

Table 3 shows the weight and quality characteristics of the antler productivity obtained from experimental animals.

As can be seen from table 3, the weight of a pair of antlers from animals II and III (experimental) groups in 1 experiment with a ratio of components in the diet of hay: silage: oats: pulp 20: 65: 12.5: 2.5 and 20:65:10: 5 and in the 2nd experiment with a component ratio of 30: 55: 12.5: 2.5 and 30: 55: 10: 5 exceeded the weight of a pair of antlers obtained from animals of the control groups, by 8.0-13.0% ( 420-710 g) with more optimal parameters characterizing the amount of antler products: bisection depth from 4.0 to 5.2 cm (in control 6.2-6.4), trunk girth 60.3-66.0 (in control 56.0-56.7) and the length of the processes. Animals of groups II and III of the 3rd experiment significantly lagged in all respects from animals of the experimental groups of the 1st and 2nd experiment. Thus, according to studies, and based on the task to increase the yield of antler products, improve their quality and reduce the consumption of concentrates in the claimed method for feeding deer stags, hay 20-30 should be considered the optimal ratio of components in the diet for the partial replacement of concentrates with dry beet pulp, silo 55-65, oats 10-12.5, dry beet pulp 2.5-5 wt.%.

Table 3. Experience number Group The length of the shoots, cm Barrel length, cm Trunk circumference, cm Top depth Antler weight, kg The excess weight of a pair of antlers under control, kg (%) 1st 2nd 3rd right left one I 31.2 ± 1.87 34.8 ± 2.77 26.0 ± 2.88 56.7 ± 3.11 16.2 ± 0.70 6.2 ± 1.59 2.75 ± 0.29 2.62 ± 0.28 - II 33.4 ± 0.6 36.6 ± 1.66 31.2 ± 1.77 65.2 ± 4.04 17.1 ± 0.89 4.8 ± 0.37 3.11 ± 0.25 2.97 ± 0.31 0.71 (13.2) III 32.8 ± 1.65 37.0 ± 2.45 29.4 ± 1.87 60.3 ± 2.84 16.6 ± 0.41 4.0 ± 0.91 3.0 ± 0.21 2.90 ± 0.18 0.53 (9.9) 2 I 31.0 ± 1.08 34.2 ± 2.16 27.4 ± 1.47 55.6 ± 2.94 16.4 ± 0.82 6.4 ± 1.86 2.62 ± 0.34 2.60 ± 0.17 - II 33.1 ± 0.73 36.8 ± 1.96 32.4 ± 1.50 66.0 ± 5.11 17.3 ± 1.54 4.9 ± 0.49 2.96 ± 0.36 2.86 ± 0.54 0.6 (11.5) III 31.9 ± 1.16 36.0 ± 1.46 30.6 ± 2.08 62.2 ± 4.80 17.0 ± 2.12 5.2 ± 0.64 2.91 ± 0.51 2.73 ± 0.14 0.42 (8.0) 3 I 30.4 ± 1.34 32.1 ± 1.56 26.1 ± 2.17 54.8 ± 2.36 16.2 ± 0.94 6.0 ± 1.62 2.54 ± 0.34 2.52 ± 0.46 - II 31.2 ± 2.33 35.1 ± 1.9 27.6 ± 1.76 57.2 ± 2.90 16.4 ± 1.68 6.1 ± 1.19 2.76 ± 0.86 2.49 ± 1.68 0.19 (3.8) III 31.0 ± 1.96 34.6 ± 2.61 27.4 ± 1.71 56.9 ± 3.1 16.2 ± 1.34 6.0 ± 1.34 2.68 ± 0.49 2.45 ± 0.62 0.07 (1.4)

In addition, the cut-off of antlers in animals of experimental groups 1 and 2 of the experiment in connection with an earlier drop of crowns and the beginning of the growth of antlers was made 5-7 days earlier than in stag of control groups. Production tests of the claimed method of feeding in 2007 showed that an earlier period of antler cutting removes a herd of stag-deer from the influence of an antler fly 5-7 days earlier, as a result of which the antlers' infection with antler fly larvae decreased from 21 to 12%.

Example. Production tests of the claimed method of feeding in 2007, characterized by warmer winter and spring conditions than in 2006, showed the following: from March 9 to 10, 4 stag beetles were reset. According to industry practice, a massive discharge of crowns was expected on March 23-24 (i.e., in two weeks). Thus, enhanced feeding with the introduction of dry beet pulp into the diet was started on March 9. It should be noted that the period of crown decay in the first animals is practically the period (signal) of the beginning of enhanced feeding with the introduction of dry beet pulp into the diet. The diet during production tests consisted of the components of hay: silage: oats: dry beet pulp in a ratio of 25: 60: 12.5: 2.5, respectively (4.4 kg of hay, 10.5 kg of silage, 2.2 kg of oats, 0 , 40 kg of beet pulp) with a nutritious diet of 6.23 units

The duration of feeding stag deer by the claimed method depended on the start of growth and vegetation of pasture grass. So, in the year of testing, the animals were transferred to pasture keeping during the week of May 3–8. The height of the grass by this time reached 15-18 cm on the southern slopes of the mountains, providing the physiological needs of the herd of animals in full.

Thus, the use of the claimed method of feeding red deer stags allows to increase antler productivity by 8.0-13.2% and to reduce the unfavorable period of exposure to antlers of the antler fly by shifting the beginning of the growth of antlers to an earlier period and reduce the consumption of concentrated feed.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding maral stag, including feeding in the spring period of the diet in the composition of hay, silage, oats, characterized in that the diet additionally contains dry beet pulp in a dose of 2.5-5.0% by weight of the diet in the following ratio of components, wt. %:
hay 20.0-30.0 silage 55.0-65.0 oats 10.0-12.5 dry beet pulp 2.5-5.0
while feeding this diet begins 2 weeks before the massive discharge of crowns.