RU2640360C1 - Method of increasing productivity of maral stags - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes feeding a diet consisting of hay, haylage and concentrates. Wherein fodder granules from green mass of Amber amaranth variety and meat-and-bone meal are added to the concentrates. The fodder granules are mixed with the concentrates and fed during the evening feeding, starting from February until the cutting of velvet antlers, in a dose of 80-120 g per head.

EFFECT: additional growth of raw velvet antlers and reducing fodder costs.

1 dwg, 15 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to antler reindeer husbandry, in particular to methods for feeding red deer stags during the period of antler growth.

There is a method of increasing the productivity of red deer stags, including feeding a diet balanced in all components in compliance with feeding standards, according to the recommendations "Norms for feeding red deer with typical rations in industrial technology", approved by the Scientific Council of GNU VNIIPO SB RAAS (protocol No. 2 dated 30.03.2004 g.) (RU 2489896, class А23К 1/00, 08/20/2013).

The disadvantage of this method is that it requires additional costs for its implementation, since the diet is balanced by a set of additives of chemical rather than biological origin, the effectiveness of which is lower than that of biological sources, and the cost is higher.

The problem solved by the present invention is to improve the absorption of nutrients in animal feed, increase the antler productivity of deer, prevent side effects from the use of feed additives while reducing the cost of implementing the feeding method.

The present problem is solved in that the feeding method uses feed pellets with a chelated form of nutrients, which ensure the presence of almost the entire necessary spectrum of components necessary for a balanced nutrition of animals.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution and the inventive step is that for the production of fodder pellets the green mass of amaranth of the Amber variety and meat and bone meal is used and to increase the productivity of red deer stags they are set from February until the antlers are cut. As an additional effect, an improvement in the physiological state of maral is achieved.

Fodder granules are formed in the process of mechanical grinding and simultaneous mixing of the green mass of amber of the Yantar variety, during the budding phase, and meat and bone meal with further pressing and drying of the granules at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C (see fig. 1).

Figure 1 shows feed pellets from the green mass of amaranth varieties Yantar (State Register of feed crops of the Russian Federation) and meat and bone meal (MKM) GOST 17536-82.

Amaranth of the Yantar variety is a highly productive, high-protein fodder and healing crop. In the dry budding phase it contains: feed units - 1.18; digestible protein - 144 g / kg; starch - 25.2 g / kg; micro and macro elements - iron (not less than 78 mg / kg), calcium (31.7 g / kg), potassium (48.8 g / kg), zinc (29 mg / kg), copper (5.85 mg / kg), cobalt (0.78 mg / kg) (test report No. 56 dated 08/18/2006 of the accredited laboratory of FGU CAS "Altaysky"). Also vitamins C, E, group B, betacarotene, amino acids (including essential ones) - quercetin, trefoline, rutin, etc., polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, squalene.

The result of chemical analyzes of feed pellets from the green mass of amaranth of the Yantar variety and meat and bone meal, carried out in the accredited laboratory of the Federal State Institution CAS “Altai” (certificate No. POSS RU 0001 21 PC 42 of 10.21.2002) of the Chemicalization and Plant Protection Directorate of the Altai Territory shows a high concentration metabolic energy (11.4-13.2 MJ) and digestible protein (189-294 g / kg).

The specified composition allows you to recommend feed pellets as a biostimulating feed additive that helps increase metabolism at the level of the macroorganism (calcium, sugar, manganese, sulfur, carotene, vitamin E) and cells (potassium-sodium pump), provide a preventive anti-anemic effect (iron, manganese , potassium), antikoreticheskoe effect (calcium) on red deer stag during critical periods of physiological stress.

Feed pellets are a rich natural source of macro- and microelements (such as squalene, iron, zinc and others), amino acids (including irreplaceable ones), vitamins C, E and group B. It is the effect of homeopathic doses of these elements in the “living” non-synthetic form provides their total effective action.

Example. The experiments to clarify the feeding standards of feed pellets were carried out on the basis of standard maral husbandry. Control and experimental groups of 50 goals were selected by age, live weight, physiological condition and antler productivity. All animals were fed a standard diet. Clinical indicators in animals corresponded to physiological norms.

Experienced animals were housed in separate winter roads equipped with feeders for feeding juicy and concentrated feeds and running water drains. Served as control animals (maral stag) of the herd when feeding the same diet as experimental animals, but without the use of feed pellets.

The main diet consisted of hay of grass and herbs, hayweed and concentrate (a mixture of oats, barley, peas, bran).

As an additive in the experiments, feed pellets from green mass of amaranth of the Yantar variety and meat and bone meal were used, at the rate of 80-120 g per head. In the first experiment, feed pellets were given in a dose of 80 g per head, in the second 100 g per head and in the third 120 g per animal head.

Experiment 1. In the first experiment, feed pellets were set at a dose of 80 g per animal head.

In order to determine the effect of feed pellets on feed intake, studies were conducted on 5 groups of stag deer (n = 10), shown in table 1.

The feed intake of the main feed during the experiment period averaged 83.08% in the experimental groups, and in the control group at the level of 80.56%.

To determine the physiological state of the animals of the experimental groups, blood samples were taken to determine the morphological and biochemical composition. These blood tests allow you to control the usefulness of feeding. Indicators of blood serum of maral stag are presented in tables 2, 3, 4.

When using feed pellets in the diet of experimental animals, the content of red blood cells increased by 9.9%, hemoglobin by 0.44%. The average volume of red blood cells and the content of leukocytes has not changed.

When studying the biochemical parameters of maral blood, it was found that feed pellets contribute to the activation of protein synthesis in the body and increase immunity.

From table 3 it is seen that in the blood of experimental animals, the amount of total protein increased by 5.27% (p≤0.05), glucose by 28.8% (p≤0.05), creatinine increased by 41.4% (p≤0.05). A marked decrease in cholesterol. Aminotransferases catalyze the synthesis of amino acids. In the experimental group, all animals increased the content of vitamin A (retinol), which is formed from provitamin carotene, 16.8 ± 0.89 μg%. The content of vitamin E (tocopherol) increased, in the experimental groups 0.15 ± 0.02 μg%, in the control 0.1 ± 0.03 μg%.

From the obtained analyzes it is seen that after the inclusion of feed pellets in the diet, there was an increase in iron blood by 36.4% (p≤0.05), calcium by 62.2% (p≤0.05), phosphorus by 7.1% (p≤0.05), magnesium is almost 2 times (p≤0.05).

The use of bioactive feed pellets contributed to an increase in the intensity of metabolic processes in red deer stags, improved feed eatability and normalization of blood biochemical parameters. There was an increase in the blood of vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, the content of red blood cells, an increase in the level of hemoglobin, as well as a change in protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

After completion of the pantorez company, a comparative analysis of the duration of the growth of antlers and the growth of antlers of experimental stag beetles was performed with a control group that did not receive feed pellets (table 5).

Experiment 2. In the second experiment, feed pellets were set at a dose of 100 g per animal head.

In order to determine the effect of feed pellets on feed intake, studies were conducted on 5 groups of stag deer (n = 10), shown in table 6.

The feed intake of the main feeds during the experiment period was,%: cereal-mixed grass hay - 86, vetch oatmeal hay - 92, concentrates - 100, compared with the control group, where these indicators were at the level,%: 74, 83, 96, respectively.

To determine the physiological state of the animals of the experimental groups, blood samples were taken to determine the morphological and biochemical composition. These blood tests allow you to control the usefulness of feeding. Indicators of blood serum of maral stag are presented in tables 7, 8, 9.

From table 8 it can be seen that in the blood of experimental animals, the amount of total protein increased by 12.8% (p≤0.05), glucose by 58.4% (p≤0.05), the creatinine index increased by 64% (p ≤0.05). A marked decrease in cholesterol. Aminotransferases catalyze the synthesis of amino acids. In the experimental group, all animals increased the content of vitamin A (retinol), which is formed from provitamin carotene, 19.5 ± 0.94 μg%. The content of vitamin E (tocopherol) increased in the experimental groups 0.2 ± 0.02 μg%, in the control 0.1 ± 0.03 μg%.

From the obtained analyzes it is seen that after the inclusion of feed pellets in the diet, there was an increase in iron blood by 58.7% (p≤0.05), calcium by 116% (p≤0.05), phosphorus by 21.4% (p ≤0.05), magnesium 4 times (p≤0.05).

The use of bioactive feed pellets contributed to an increase in the intensity of metabolic processes in red deer stags, improved feed eatability and normalization of blood biochemical parameters. There was an increase in the blood of vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, the content of red blood cells, an increase in the level of hemoglobin, as well as a change in protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

After completion of the pantorez company, a comparative analysis of the duration of the growth of antlers and the growth of antlers of experimental stag beetles was performed with a control group that did not receive feed pellets (table 10).

Experiment 3. In the third experiment, feed pellets were set at a dose of 120 g per animal head.

In order to determine the effect of feed pellets on feed intake, studies were conducted on 5 groups of stag deer (n = 10), shown in table 11.

The feed intake of the main feed during the experiment in the experimental groups averaged 90.4%, and in the control group at 81.6%.

To determine the physiological state of the animals of the experimental groups, blood samples were taken to determine the morphological and biochemical composition. These blood tests allow you to control the usefulness of feeding. Indicators of blood serum of maral stag are presented in tables 12, 13, 14.

When using feed pellets in the diet of experimental animals, the content of red blood cells increased by 26.8%, hemoglobin by 2.5%. The average volume of red blood cells and the content of leukocytes has not changed.

From table 13 it is seen that in the blood of experimental animals, the amount of total protein increased by 13.1% (p≤0.05), glucose by 62.2% (p≤0.05), creatinine increased by 64.4% (p≤0.05). A marked decrease in cholesterol. In the experimental group, the content of vitamin A (retinol) increased in all animals, 19.7 ± 0.94 μg%. The content of vitamin E (tocopherol) increased in the experimental groups 0.21 ± 0.02 μg%, in the control 0.1 ± 0.03 μg%.

From the obtained analyzes it is seen that there was an increase in the blood of iron by 59.7% (p≤0.05), calcium by 120% (p≤0.05), phosphorus by 22.8% (p≤0.05), magnesium 5 times (p≤0.05).

After completion of the pantorez company, a comparative analysis of the duration of the growth of antlers and the growth of antlers of experimental stag beetles was performed with a control group that did not receive feed pellets (table 15).

In the course of the experiment on the inclusion of feed pellets in the diet, it was found that these feed pellets had an impact on the duration of growth of antlers and antler productivity of red deer stags. The growth period of antlers of the experimental groups is 4-7 days shorter than in the control, which affected the economic indicators: firstly, feed saving; secondly, the period of feeding of deer on pasture feeds is increasing.

The use of bioactive feed pellets contributed to an increase in the intensity of metabolic processes in red deer stags, improved feed eatability and normalization of blood biochemical parameters. There was an increase in the blood of vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, the content of red blood cells, an increase in the level of hemoglobin, as well as a change in protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

The level of antler productivity of stag beetles participating in the experiment (n = 50) ranged from 7.9 kg to 8.5 kg. The increase in antlers in comparison with the control group ranged from 1.3 kg to 2.26 kg. The gain of antlers of stag beetles serves as an objective indicator of the class of productivity and animal health, as it expresses the degree of realized ability of the stag to increase the greater mass of antlers. The difference in all the presented results is significant (P> 0.999).

As a result of the analysis of the influence of feeding standards for feed pellets on the antler productivity of red deer stags, it can be concluded that the most effective norm for feeding feed pellets is a dose of 100 g per animal head. Since the increase in the performance of deer at a dose of 80 g per head is lower than when feeding a dose of 100 g, and an increase in the rate of feeding feed pellets to a dose of 120 g only slightly increases the productivity of deer, which is not economically feasible.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity of red deer stags during the period of antlers growth, including feeding a diet consisting of hay, hay and concentrates, characterized in that the diet additionally contains feed pellets from green mass of amaranth of the Yantar variety and meat and bone meal, which are set for evening feeding, on time from February to the cutting of antlers, in a dose of 80-120 g per head, by mixing with concentrates.

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