RU2819675C1 - Method for correction of physiological and biochemical status and increase of meat productivity in holstein cows in winter stall period - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and relates to a method for correcting physiological and biochemical status and increasing beef productivity in Holstein cows during the winter stall period. Method consists in feeding in addition to the basic ration a vegetal composition containing lemon balm and nettle. Plant composition in the form of an herbal blend additionally contains sunflower seeds in the following ratio, g/head at live weight: lemon balm 15, nettle 15, sunflower seeds 15, by mixing with the feed mixture during 30 days.

EFFECT: invention provides the achievement of reference values for a number of haematological and metabolic blood values in highly productive Holstein cows under stressful conditions of an industrial complex, which helps to reduce the negative effect of stress on the animal's body and correction of the physiological and biochemical status, which is an important condition for the formation of animal productivity.

1 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used as a biologically active feed additive to correct the physiological and biochemical status and increase meat productivity in Holstein cows during the winter stall period.

One of the main conditions for the optimal course of physiological and biochemical processes in the blood and increasing meat productivity in cows kept in stressful conditions of the industrial complex during the winter stall period is obtaining the optimal amount of mineral elements, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids from hay, concentrated and bulky feeds that contribute to better development of the digestive system and are energy and plastic sources.

There is a known method for correcting stress-induced disorders in the composition of physiological and biochemical parameters, and increasing the meat productivity of Holstein cows [Yarovan N.I., Makeev V.A. The influence of a composition of lemon balm and nettle on the physiological and biochemical status and meat productivity of heifer cows // In the collection: Scientific, technical and socio-economic potential for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference named after the Honored Scientist of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Honored Agronomist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor M.Kh. Khanieva. Nalchik, 2022. pp. 152-155. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50207224]. In the known method, a feed mixture was used in the form of a herbal mixture based on nettle and lemon balm. The preparation of the adaptogenic drug was carried out as follows: 20 grams of crushed and dried nettle and 20 grams of crushed and dried lemon balm were mixed. The resulting mixture was added to the main diet and given to the animals. Since the animals ate the feed mixture completely, there was no doubt about the complete consumption of the studied herbal mixture. The course of taking the herbal mixture was 30 days - once a day in the morning with food.

The disadvantages of this product include the relatively low content of B vitamins, macroelements, microelements and organic acids, which increase the speed of adaptation processes of cows in the stressful conditions of the industrial complex during the winter stall period, which undoubtedly contributes to the correction of physiological and biochemical status and increased meat productivity. According to a number of authors, it is organic acids that contribute to better absorption of a number of vitamins (in particular fat-soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K) and an increase in their activity. In addition, vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₄ enhance the production of digestive enzymes, and vitamins B ₆ and B ₉ normalize the activity of the nervous system. Macro- and microelements activate enzyme systems; control water balance (osmosis and excretion); regulate acid-base balance; enhance the effect of neuromuscular transmission, which is very important in the correction of stress-induced physiological and biochemical disorders, which are primarily manifested by a decrease in antioxidant protection and productivity.

The objective of the proposed method is to correct the physiological and biochemical status and increase meat productivity in Holstein cows during the winter stall period.

The technical result of the proposed method is the achievement of reference values (or approaching them) for a number of hematological and metabolic blood parameters in highly productive Holstein cows located in stressful conditions of the industrial complex, which helps reduce the negative impact of stress on the animal’s body and correct the physiological and biochemical status, which is an important condition for the formation of animal productivity.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of correcting the physiological and biochemical status and increasing meat productivity in Holstein cows in the conditions of an industrial complex, in addition to the main diet, a herbal mixture based on nettle and lemon balm is fed for 30 days, in the form of a mixture in the following composition: nettle 15 g, lemon balm 15 g and sunflower seeds 15 g per head by mixing with the feed mixture for 30 days.

The specified herbal collection contains, in contrast to the prototype, a larger amount of B vitamins (B ₁ more by 1.84 mg/m; B ₄ - by 55.1 mg/m; B ₆ - by 1.34 mg/m; B ₉ - by 227 µg/g) macroelements (K more by 647 mg/g; Ca – by 367 mg/g; Mg – by 317 mg/g; P – by 530 mg/g), microelements (Fe by 6.1 more mg/g; Zn – by 5 mg/g; Se – by 53 µg/g; Cu – by 1800 µg/g). The composition of sunflower seeds also differs positively from lemon balm and nettle by the presence of a high content of organic acids (palmitic acid - 3.2 g; Omega-6 - 31.8 g; Omega-9 - 12.5 g).

The above nutrients improve the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients in the animal’s body, and normalize the activity of the nervous system, which undoubtedly helps to correct the physiological and biochemical status and increase meat productivity.

At the present stage of development of livestock farming, the problem of providing animals with energy and plastic sources, as well as vitamins and minerals, can be solved by introducing into practice new additives based on feed mixtures. As such, it is proposed to use a feed mixture in the form of a phyto-collection, including nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds.

At the initial stage of the study, a herbal mixture was used in the form of a mixture based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds in the following dosages: nettle 7 g, lemon balm 7 g and sunflower seeds 7 g per head by mixing with the feed mixture. The average live weight of cows in the control and experimental groups is 500-510 kg. This method of correcting the physiological and biochemical status and increasing meat productivity in Holstein cows did not give the expected results, since the indicators of the biochemical status of the blood after 30 days of experience did not reach the reference values (Table 1)

Table 1 . Changes in the level of basic biochemical blood parameters of Holstein cows kept under industrial stress conditions during the winter stall period when using a herbal mixture based on nettle at a dose of 7 g, lemon balm - 7 g and sunflower seeds - 7 g.

Days of experience Basic biochemical blood parameters Glucose value, mg/dl ALT indicator, U/l Urea index, mg/dl - before the start of the experiment 79 14 10 - after 10 days 77 14 eleven - in 20 days 74 16 13 - in 30 days 72 17 15

It was decided to increase the dose of each studied component of the herbal collection: nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds to 15 g, respectively.

In an updated dosage, the use of phyto-collection in the form of a mixture of nettle 15 g, lemon balm 15 g and sunflower seeds 15 g per head has proven to be a good way to correct the physiological and biochemical status and increase meat productivity in Holstein cows in an industrial complex, since the values of the studied blood and meat productivity indicators have reached or approached reference values, which is confirmed by further research.

The need for an even greater increase in the dose of herbal collection components was no longer necessary, since the goals of the study had already been achieved.

Production tests of a phyto-collection based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds were carried out during the winter stall period on the basis of the Romanenko peasant farm, controlled by the OBU "SBBI" of the Zheleznogorsk region and the city of Zheleznogorsk.

The object of the research was Holstein heifer cows. The experiment was carried out on two groups (control and experimental) of animals of 5 animals each, selected on the principle of pairs - analogues, taking into account age, live weight and physiological state. The average live weight of cows in the control and experimental groups is 500-510 kg.

All animals received the standard basic diet of the farm. The cows of the control group received the main diet; the animals of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, were given phytocollection in the form of a mixture in the following composition: nettle 15 g, lemon balm 15 g and sunflower seeds 15 g per head by mixing with the feed mixture for 30 days.

The diets of the experimental animals were compiled taking into account the nutritional value of the feed and were periodically changed during the study. In general, the diets were balanced in terms of essential nutrients in accordance with detailed feeding standards (A.P. Kalashnikov et al., 2003).

Intravital assessment of correction processes was carried out using the main physiological and biochemical parameters of cow blood and average daily weight gain (Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

In the cows of the experimental group, which received, along with the main diet, an additive in the form of a phyto-collection (nettle + lemon balm + sunflower seeds), positive changes in the main hematological blood parameters were observed (Table 2).

Table 2 . Changes in the level of hematological parameters of the blood of Holstein cows under conditions of industrial stress during the winter stall period when using a herbal mixture based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds.

Group Indicators Research days Day 10 Day 20 Day 30 Control (OR) Red blood cells 10 ¹² /l 5.12±0.26 5.11±0.24 5.11±0.25 Leukocytes 10 ⁹ /l 11.26±0.69 11.23±0.67 11.27±0.70 Hemoglobin g/l 80.7±2.98 80.4±2.96 81.1±2.62 Prototype (OR + nettle + lemon balm) Red blood cells 10 ¹² /l 5.30±0.19 5.38±0.25 5.43±0.31 Leukocytes 10 ⁹ /l 10.51±0.62 9.84±0.58 9.20±0.51 Hemoglobin g/l 84.1±3.08 87.4±3.07 89.6±3.37 Experienced (OR + nettle + lemon balm + sunflower seeds) Red blood cells 10 ¹² /l 5.34±0.20 5.46±0.17 5.59±0.25 Leukocytes 10 ⁹ /l 10.42±0.79 9.63±0.64 8.81±0.49 Hemoglobin g/l 85.6±3.84 90.6±3.63 95.7±3.11

Glucose content was considered as an indicator of the influence of stress factors on the physiological and biochemical composition of blood. Throughout the experiment, in cows of the control group, blood serum glucose levels remained relatively high, while in cows of the experimental group, a significant decrease in glucose levels was observed (Table 3).

Table 3 . Changes in the level of glucose in the blood of Holstein cows kept under conditions of industrial stress during the winter stall period when using a herbal mixture based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds.

Glucose value, mg/dl Group Control (OR) Prototype (OR + nettle + lemon balm) Experienced (OR + nettle + lemon balm + sunflower seeds) - before the start of the experiment 80 79 78 - after 10 days 75 71 67 - in 20 days 77 67 60 - in 30 days 77 63 51

ALT content was considered as an indicator of liver enzyme activity. Throughout the experiment, in cows of the control group, ALT levels in the blood serum remained relatively low, while in cows of the experimental group, normalization of ALT levels was observed (Table 4).

Table 4 . Changes in the level of ALT in the blood of Holstein cows kept under conditions of industrial stress during the winter stall period when using a herbal mixture based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds.

Index
ALT, U/l Group Control (OR) Prototype (OR + nettle + lemon balm) Experienced (OR + nettle + lemon balm + sunflower seeds) - before the start of the experiment 14 16 15 - after 10 days 14 17 19 - in 20 days 16 18 21 - in 30 days 15 20 24

Also, in cows that received a herbal mixture based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds, an increase in serum urea levels to the reference values was noted, which, along with an improvement in liver condition, indicates normalization of kidney function (Table 5).

Table 5 . Changes in the level of urea in the blood of Holstein cows kept under conditions of industrial stress during the winter stall period when using a herbal mixture based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds.

Index
urea, mg/dl Group Control (OR) Prototype (OR + nettle + lemon balm) Experienced (OP + nettle + lemon balm + sunflower seeds) - before the start of the experiment 10 eleven 10 - after 10 days 10 17 18 - in 20 days eleven 20 22 - in 30 days 10 25 28

Meat productivity increased significantly in the experimental group, which is confirmed by an increase in average daily weight gain by the end of the experiment (Table 6).

Table 6 . Average daily weight gain of Holstein cows kept under industrial stress conditions during the winter stall period using a herbal mixture based on nettle, lemon balm and sunflower seeds.

Average daily weight gain, g Group Control (OR) Prototype (OR + nettle + lemon balm) Experienced (OP + nettle + lemon balm + sunflower seeds) - before the start of the experiment 500 533 520 - after 10 days 530 585 600 - in 20 days 510 613 730 - in 30 days 540 680 820

Claims (5)

A method for correcting the physiological and biochemical status and increasing meat productivity in Holstein cows during the winter stall period, which consists of feeding, in addition to the main diet, a plant composition including lemon balm and nettle, characterized in that the plant composition in the form of a herbal collection additionally includes sunflower seeds in the following ratio , g/head at live weight: melissa 15, nettles 15, sunflower seeds 15, by mixing with feed mixture for 30 days.