CN112841423A - Elk breeding feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Elk breeding feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112841423A CN112841423A CN202110091211.0A CN202110091211A CN112841423A CN 112841423 A CN112841423 A CN 112841423A CN 202110091211 A CN202110091211 A CN 202110091211A CN 112841423 A CN112841423 A CN 112841423A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an elk breeding feed and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of feeds. The elk breeding feed comprises components of alfalfa green hay, corn silage, reed silage and the like, wherein the reed is a wetland plant which can cater to the life habit of the elk, and a large amount of crude fibers contained in the corn silage and the reed silage promote the rumen development of the elk and can improve the body immunity of the elk. The nutrient components of the elk breeding feed are comprehensive and reasonable in collocation, the breeding performance of the elk can be improved, the disease resistance of the elk is improved, and the animal health and population stability are guaranteed. In addition, the invention also relates to a preparation method of the elk breeding feed, which almost reserves the nutrient components in all raw materials and improves the uniformity of the mixed feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to an elk breeding feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Elk is in the order Artiodactyla, Cervidae, and genus elk, and is a unique rare mammal in our country. Elk is a large-scale deer type elk living in a wetland ecosystem, mainly takes aquatic weeds as food and also takes leaves in natural environment, most elks in artificial culture are in a semi-wild state or a captive state, the feed mainly comprises concentrated feed, dry pasture and the like, and some farms even take cattle feed or corn, soybeans, dry corn stalks or vegetables as feed. Because the nutrient components of the feed are single and the nutrient structure is unreasonable, digestion disorder of elk is easy to cause, and diseases such as hematoenteritis and the like are induced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an elk breeding feed which is reasonable in nutrition structure, can improve the immunity of the elk and guarantees the healthy breeding of the elk.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing elk breeding feed which improves the uniformity of feed mixing and retains the nutritional components of the individual materials.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides an elk breeding feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of alfalfa green hay, 10-20 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of reed silage, 10-20 parts of carrot, 5-10 parts of feed corn, 3-5 parts of bean pulp, 1-2 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of barley, 0.1-0.2 part of salt, 0.2-0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.5-1.5 parts of eucommia leaf.
The invention provides a preparation method of elk breeding feed, which comprises the following steps:
respectively pulverizing corn, soybean meal, bran and barley into 8-10 mesh granules, adding salt and calcium hydrogen phosphate, and mixing to obtain a mixture; crushing carrots into feed blocks of 1-3 cm; pulverizing folium Eucommiae into particles smaller than 75 μm; mixing the raw materials to obtain a primary mixture;
adding water, rolling the alfalfa green hay into 3-10 cm pieces, adding corn silage and reed silage, and mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
the primary mixture and the secondary mixture are stirred for 20-30 minutes to obtain the elk breeding feed.
The elk breeding feed and the preparation method of the elk breeding feed provided by the embodiment of the invention have at least the following beneficial effects:
the elk breeding feed provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly adopts the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of alfalfa green hay, 10-20 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of reed silage, 10-20 parts of carrot, 5-10 parts of feed corn, 3-5 parts of bean pulp, 1-2 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of barley, 0.1-0.2 part of salt, 0.2-0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.5-1.5 parts of eucommia leaf.
The reed contains a large amount of nutrient substances such as crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, a plurality of trace elements and the like, and provides nutrient substances such as various carbohydrates, amino acids and the like required by life activities for elk. The bulrush is a wetland plant which can cater to the life habit of elk, and the bulrush contains a large amount of crude fibers and can promote the rumen development of the elk. Meanwhile, active substances such as polysaccharide, flavonoid and the like contained in the bulrush can effectively improve the anti-stress property of elk, enhance the endurance of organisms and improve the immunity of the organisms. In detail, the implementation of the invention is preferably carried out by using reed silage, which contains probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria and the like, can promote digestion and absorption of nutrient substances by elk, and enhance gastrointestinal peristalsis; simultaneously, the activity of elk immune cells is enhanced. In addition, the silage is prepared from the naturally-growing reeds, so that the cost of the feed can be reduced, and meanwhile, the feed utilization value of the reeds can be developed to promote the circulation of a wetland ecosystem.
The alfalfa dry matter has crude protein content up to 18-24.8%, complete amino acid types, reasonable composition, more than 20 kinds of amino acids including all essential amino acids of human and elk, and some rare amino acids such as citrulline and canavanine. The carbohydrates in alfalfa mainly comprise saccharides, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and are important energy nutrients for elk. Besides containing protein and trace minerals, carrots are rich in vitamins such as carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and the like. Because vitamin B2 and folic acid in carrot have anticancer effect, elk can enhance anticancer ability after being eaten frequently.
A large amount of dietary fibers contained in alfalfa, reed, carrot, bran and barley are easily fermented by bacteria in intestinal tracts of elk, and short-chain fatty acids such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and butyl acetate generated after fermentation can be used as energy sources of intestinal cells and bacteria. And secondly, the dietary fiber can also promote intestinal peristalsis, reduce flatulence and improve constipation. Meanwhile, the soluble fiber in the dietary fiber can not only slow down the digestion speed of elk, but also accelerate the excretion of cholesterol. It also helps to regulate elk immune system function, promote discharge of toxic heavy metals in elk, and ensure healthy growth of elk.
The feed corn, bean pulp, bran and barley can provide protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, trace elements and the like required by the life activity and metabolism of the elk. For example, feed corn contains 8.5% protein, 4.3% fat, 73.2% carbohydrates, various trace elements, vitamins, carotenes, and alkaloids, etc., which provide the elk with the necessary energy and nutrients. Secondly, the corn is rich in natural vitamin E which has the effects of promoting blood circulation and reducing cholesterol. Meanwhile, the corn also has the functions of promoting urination, reducing blood pressure, stopping bleeding, stopping diarrhea, promoting digestion and the like. The soybean meal contains 50% of crude protein and a plurality of essential amino acids, provides energy for elk, promotes the synthesis of amino acids in the elk, and maintains the normal growth and development of the elk.
Further, ensiling can preserve the nutritional value of the feed more effectively than hay. Typically, sun-dried hay has a nutrient loss of between 20% and 30%, sometimes as high as 40%, and silage has a nutrient loss of between 3% and 10%. Meanwhile, the silage process can reduce the cellulose content in the feed, and simultaneously decompose the cellulose into monosaccharide or polysaccharide and other substances which are easier to absorb by elk, so that the content of crude protein in the feed is increased. In addition, the raw materials are soft in texture, fresh, tender and succulent after being ensiled, a large amount of lactic acid and a small amount of acetic acid can be generated in the ensiling process, the milu deer is unique in acid aroma and good in palatability, and the appetite of the milu deer is promoted. Silage also promotes secretion of digestive juices and gastrointestinal motility within elk, making the feed more digestible. Therefore, the corn silage and the reed silage in the embodiment of the invention are silage. In order to avoid acidosis and harm to health caused by excessive intake of acidic food by elk, the alfalfa green hay was not subjected to ensiling treatment.
Folium Eucommiae has effects of nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, preventing miscarriage, relieving pain, lowering blood pressure, resisting inflammation, enhancing immunity of elk, and preventing inflammation. Compared with eucommia ulmoides, the elk breeding feed prepared by adopting the eucommia ulmoides leaves can reduce the feed cost. Calcium hydrogen phosphate can accelerate growth and development of elk, and increase hybridization rate and survival rate of elk. Meanwhile, the medicine has the function of enhancing the disease resistance and cold resistance of elk, and has the effect of preventing and treating chondropathy, white diarrhea and paralysis disease of elk. The salt can maintain the acid-base balance of blood and tissue fluid in elk body, and regulate the stability of normal osmotic pressure; stimulate the secretion of saliva of elk, improve the palatability of the feed and promote appetite. Meanwhile, the salt can promote digestion and absorption of nutrient substances by elk, improve the utilization rate of the feed and the like.
All nutrients always have a direct or indirect effect on the reproduction of animals. When the feed is deficient in carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and minerals, the elk can cause breeding disorder; when nutrient is over-nourished, the fertility of elk is reduced, and nutritional sterility is caused. The breeding feed prepared by combining the raw materials has comprehensive and reasonable matching nutrient components, not only has good palatability, but also can provide elk with various energies and nutrient substances required by growth, promote the growth, development and reproductive performance of the elk, and simultaneously improve the immunity of the elk.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the elk breeding feed, which mainly comprises the following steps:
respectively pulverizing corn, soybean meal, bran and barley into 8-10 mesh granules, adding salt and calcium hydrogen phosphate, and mixing to obtain a mixture; crushing carrots into feed blocks of 1-3 cm; pulverizing folium Eucommiae into particles smaller than 75 μm; mixing the raw materials to obtain a primary mixture;
adding water, rolling the alfalfa green hay into 3-10 cm pieces, adding corn silage and reed silage, and mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
the primary mixture and the secondary mixture are stirred for 20-30 minutes to obtain the elk breeding feed.
The corn, the bean pulp, the bran and the barley which are used as the feed are respectively crushed into 8-10 meshes of particles, which is favorable for improving digestion and absorption of nutrient substances by elk and improving the utilization rate of the feed. The crushed grain sizes are 8-10 meshes, so that the grain sizes of the feed are basically consistent, the grading probability of the mixed feed is reduced, and the uniformity of the mixed feed is improved. Meanwhile, the palatability of the feed is improved, so that the feed is easy to swallow when being eaten, and the possibility that the elk is suffered from respiratory tract and digestive tract diseases caused by the undersize particle size is reduced.
Because the eucommia ulmoides leaves account for less proportion in the feed, the sufficient particle number can be ensured only by crushing to a certain degree, so that the requirement of the feed mixing uniformity is met, and the uniformity of the mixed breeding feed is improved by crushing and screening out particles smaller than 75 micrometers. The carrot is crushed into feed blocks of 1-3 cm, the alfalfa green hay is rolled into the crushed grass of 3-10 cm, large coarse fibers in the raw materials are primarily refined, and the gastrointestinal burden of elk is relieved, so that the nutrient substances are better absorbed by intestinal tracts. The cellulose material with a certain length can promote rumen rumination of elk, improve the utilization of hay by elk and maintain the healthy digestion physiological activity of elk.
After being mixed in batches, the materials are mixed and stirred for 20 to 30 minutes, so that the uniformity of feed mixing can be effectively improved, and the feed grading caused by overlarge feed particle size difference is avoided. The preparation method of the elk breeding feed almost reserves the nutrient components in the raw materials, improves the uniformity of feed mixing and improves the palatability of the elk breeding feed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
The invention provides an elk breeding feed which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of alfalfa green hay, 10-20 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of reed silage, 10-20 parts of carrot, 5-10 parts of feed corn, 3-5 parts of bean pulp, 1-2 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of barley, 0.1-0.2 part of salt, 0.2-0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.5-1.5 parts of eucommia leaf.
The reed contains a large amount of nutrient substances such as crude protein, fat, carbohydrate, a plurality of trace elements and the like, and the dry matter of the stem and leaf of the tender reed contains 12.2 percent of crude protein, 26.8 percent of crude fiber and a plurality of trace elements, thereby providing nutrient substances such as various carbohydrates, amino acids and the like required by life activities for elk. In addition, the bulrush contains a large amount of crude fibers, can improve the pH value of the rumen of the elk, increase the volume of the rumen, promote the development of the muscle layer of the rumen and maintain the integrity of the epidermis, and particularly has positive effect on the development of the rumen of young elk. Meanwhile, natural active substances such as polysaccharide, flavonoid and the like in the reed can promote the metabolism of an elk body after being absorbed by the elk, accelerate the discharge of toxins in the elk body, effectively improve the anti-stress property of the elk, enhance the body endurance of the elk body and improve the body immunity of the elk. In detail, the implementation of the invention is preferably carried out by using reed silage, which contains probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria and the like, can promote digestion and absorption of nutrient substances by elk, maintain the ecological balance of microorganisms in the alimentary canal, promote the growth of symbiotic microorganisms and enhance gastrointestinal motility; simultaneously, the activity of the elk innate immune cells and natural lethality cells is enhanced. The reed silage is fermented together with the cellulose and the probiotics, so that the utilization rate of the reed silage and the content of nutrient components of the reed silage can be improved, and the quality of the reed silage is improved. In addition, the silage is prepared from the naturally-growing reeds, so that the cost of the feed can be reduced, and meanwhile, the feed utilization value of the reeds can be developed to promote the circulation of a wetland ecosystem.
The alfalfa dry matter has crude protein content up to 18-24.8%, complete amino acid types, reasonable composition, more than 20 kinds of amino acids including all essential amino acids of human and elk, and some rare amino acids such as citrulline and canavanine. The carbohydrates in alfalfa mainly comprise saccharides, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and are important energy nutrients for elk. In addition, alfalfa contains abundant nutrients such as vitamins, mineral elements, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, polyphenols, total flavonoids, and the like. The polysaccharides, polyphenols and total flavonoids have antiaging effect, and especially the active polysaccharides have elk immunity enhancing and anti-infectious effects. The herba Medicaginis contains vitamin K, has hemostatic effect, and can help blood coagulation. The crude fiber in herba Medicaginis can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, relieve constipation, remove toxic substances, and prevent and treat constipation and intestinal cancer. Alfalfa contains a large amount of iron and vitamin B group which can enhance the blood-enriching effect of iron, and can prevent elk from anemia. In the embodiment of the invention, alfalfa green hay is adopted. In detail, the fresh alfalfa is mown and dried to prevent the raw materials from mildewing, and meanwhile, the shortage of anti-season forage grass supply can be relieved, and the feed source is expanded.
Besides containing protein and trace minerals, carrots are rich in vitamins such as carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and the like. Because vitamin B2 and folic acid in carrot have anticancer effect, elk can enhance anticancer ability after being eaten frequently. Meanwhile, carotene can be converted into vitamin A in elk bodies, is helpful for enhancing elk immunity and plays an important role in the process of preventing epithelial cell canceration. The carrot also contains substances for reducing blood sugar, wherein the components such as the lac-skin element, the kaempferol and the like have the effects of reducing blood fat, promoting the synthesis of adrenalin, strengthening heart and the like.
A large amount of dietary fibers contained in alfalfa, reed, carrot, bran and barley are easily fermented by bacteria in intestinal tracts of elk, and short-chain fatty acids such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate and butyl acetate generated after fermentation can be used as energy sources of intestinal cells and bacteria. And secondly, the dietary fiber can also promote intestinal peristalsis, reduce flatulence and improve constipation. Meanwhile, the soluble fiber in the dietary fiber can not only slow down the digestion speed of elk, but also accelerate the excretion of cholesterol. It also helps to regulate elk immune system function, promote discharge of toxic heavy metals in elk, and ensure healthy growth of elk.
The feed corn, bean pulp, bran and barley can provide protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, trace elements and the like required by the life activity and metabolism of the elk. For example, feed corn contains 8.5% protein, 4.3% fat, 73.2% carbohydrates, various trace elements, vitamins, carotenes, and alkaloids, etc., which provide the elk with the necessary energy and nutrients. Secondly, the corn is rich in natural vitamin E which has the effects of promoting blood circulation and reducing cholesterol. Meanwhile, the corn also has the functions of promoting urination, reducing blood pressure, stopping bleeding, stopping diarrhea, promoting digestion and the like. The soybean meal contains 50% of crude protein and a plurality of essential amino acids, provides energy for elk, promotes the synthesis of amino acids in the elk, and maintains the normal growth and development of the elk.
Further, ensiling can preserve the nutritional value of the feed more effectively than hay. Typically, sun-dried hay has a nutrient loss of between 20% and 30%, sometimes as high as 40%, and silage has a nutrient loss of between 3% and 10%. Meanwhile, the silage process can reduce the cellulose content in the feed, and simultaneously decompose the cellulose into monosaccharide or polysaccharide and other substances which are easier to absorb by elk, so that the content of crude protein in the feed is increased. In addition, the raw materials are soft in texture, fresh, tender and succulent after being ensiled, a large amount of lactic acid and a small amount of acetic acid can be generated in the ensiling process, the milu deer is unique in acid aroma and good in palatability, and the appetite of the milu deer is promoted. Silage also promotes secretion of digestive juices and gastrointestinal motility within elk, making the feed more digestible. In order to avoid acidosis and health hazards caused by excessive intake of acidic food by elk, alfalfa hay was not ensiled in this example.
Folium Eucommiae has effects of nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening tendons and bones, preventing miscarriage, relieving pain, lowering blood pressure, resisting inflammation, enhancing immunity of elk, and preventing inflammation. For example, lignans, phenylpropanoids, iridoids and other compounds contained in the leaves of eucommia ulmoides have good anti-cancer and cancer-inhibiting effects; the iridoid glycosides and lignans water-soluble extracts have the function of lowering blood pressure. Compared with eucommia ulmoides, the elk breeding feed prepared by adopting the eucommia ulmoides leaves can reduce the feed cost. Calcium hydrogen phosphate can accelerate growth and development of elk, and increase hybridization rate and survival rate of elk. Meanwhile, the medicine has the function of enhancing the disease resistance and cold resistance of elk, and has the effect of preventing and treating chondropathy, white diarrhea and paralysis disease of elk. The salt can maintain the acid-base balance of blood and tissue fluid in elk body, and regulate the stability of normal osmotic pressure; stimulate the secretion of saliva of elk, improve the palatability of the feed and promote appetite. Meanwhile, the salt can promote digestion and absorption of nutrient substances by elk, improve the utilization rate of the feed and the like.
All nutrients always have a direct or indirect effect on the reproduction of animals. When the feed is deficient in carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and minerals, the elk can cause breeding disorder; when nutrient is over-nourished, the fertility of elk is reduced, and nutritional sterility is caused. For example, a long-term deficiency of carbohydrate-based energy substances can delay the sexual maturation phase of males. Too high easily causes obesity of breeding animals, hyposexuality and even influences the normal reproduction of elk; when the energy level in the daily ration is too high, fat deposition in the female animal can be excessive. Causing fat infiltration around the ovary, hindering the normal development of the follicle, influencing fertilization, implantation and the like. The breeding feed prepared by combining the raw materials has comprehensive and reasonable matching nutrient components, not only has good palatability, but also can provide elk with various energies and nutrient substances required by growth, promote the growth, development and reproductive performance of the elk, and simultaneously improve the immunity of the elk.
Further, when 20 parts of alfalfa green hay, 15 parts of corn silage, 5 parts of reed silage, 15 parts of carrots, 7.5 parts of feed corn, 3.9 parts of bean pulp, 1.65 parts of bran, 1.5 parts of barley, 0.15 part of salt, 0.3 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1 part of folium cortex eucommiae, the obtained elk breeding feed has good palatability and reasonable nutrition proportion components, and the elk breeding feed obtained in the embodiment is used for feeding elks under the same raw materials, and the elk has the strongest disease resistance.
Alternatively, elk in different regions has different life habits due to different regions, and has different food preference. The alfalfa and reed in elk can adopt the natural plants of elk. For example, large crabgrass, goosegrass, elm leaves, and green bristlegrass are preferred plants for elk feeding, contain high levels of crude protein and nitrogen-free extracts, and low levels of crude fiber to provide the energy and nutrients needed for elk growth and development. In addition, some substances contained in the raw materials also have certain medicinal curative effect, and can improve the immunity of elk and prevent certain diseases. For example: herba Setariae viridis has effects of clearing heat, promoting diuresis, killing parasite, removing toxic substance, etc., and can be used for treating wind-heat type common cold, dysentery, etc. The eleusine indica has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, dispelling wind and promoting diuresis, removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding and the like, and can treat symptoms of elk dyspepsia, enteritis, dysentery and the like; and has strong inhibitory action on encephalitis B virus. Furthermore, the common use of the goosegrass herb and the honeysuckle preparation can prevent influenza and other epidemic diseases.
In order to improve the immunity of elk, partial vegetables and fruits can be added into the feed. For example, pumpkin has rich nutritive value in its pulp, and its sugar substances such as cane sugar, fructose and glucose can provide energy for elk's life activity, raise the palatability of feed and promote food intake. In addition, the pumpkin pulp also contains abundant proteins, amino acids, fat, soluble sugars, vitamins, trace elements and the like, and meets the nutritional requirements of the elk ruminants.
The pumpkin pulp contains 17 kinds of essential amino acids for animals, wherein the content of the essential amino acids such as lysine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, threonine and the like is high, and the amino acids are all required by ruminants. The pumpkin also contains pectin, elk acidosis can be caused by feeding excessive starch and other easily-fermented substances in the elk culture feed, and pectin can improve the viscosity of elk gastric contents, slow the absorption of saccharides and reduce the acidosis probability of elk. In addition, pectin also has the function of reducing toxicity, and can eliminate the toxicity of bacteria, lead, mercury and other heavy metals in vivo. In addition, the cucurbitine can paralyze parasite somatic nerves, effectively expel tapeworm and blood sucking worm in elk, and ensure the health of elk. Citrulline contained in pumpkin has the functions of absorbing harmful free radicals, improving basic immunity and keeping normal cholesterol level.
All nutrients always have a direct or indirect effect on the reproduction of animals. When the feed is deficient in carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and minerals, the elk can cause breeding disorder; when nutrient is over-nourished, the fertility of elk is reduced, and nutritional sterility is caused. For example, a long-term deficiency of carbohydrate-based energy substances can delay the sexual maturation phase of males. Too high easily causes obesity of breeding animals, hyposexuality and even influences the normal reproduction of elk; when the energy level in the daily ration is too high, fat deposition in the female animal can be excessive. Causing fat infiltration around the ovary, hindering the normal development of the follicle, influencing fertilization, implantation and the like. The breeding feed prepared by combining the raw materials has comprehensive and reasonable matching nutrient components, not only has good palatability, but also can provide elk with various energies and nutrient substances required by growth, promote the growth, development and reproductive performance of the elk, and simultaneously improve the immunity of the elk.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the elk breeding feed, which mainly comprises the following steps:
respectively pulverizing corn, soybean meal, bran and barley into 8-10 mesh granules, adding salt and calcium hydrogen phosphate, and mixing to obtain a mixture; crushing carrots into feed blocks of 1-3 cm; pulverizing folium Eucommiae into particles smaller than 75 μm; mixing the raw materials to obtain a primary mixture;
adding water, rolling the alfalfa green hay into 3-10 cm pieces, adding corn silage and reed silage, and mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
the primary mixture and the secondary mixture are stirred for 20-30 minutes to obtain the elk breeding feed.
The corn, the bean pulp, the bran and the barley which are used as the feed are respectively crushed into 8-10 meshes of particles, which is favorable for improving digestion and absorption of nutrient substances by elk and improving the utilization rate of the feed. The crushed grain sizes are 8-10 meshes, so that the grain sizes of the feed are basically consistent, the grading probability of the mixed feed is reduced, and the uniformity of the mixed feed is improved. Meanwhile, the palatability of the feed is improved, so that the feed is easy to swallow when being eaten, and the possibility that the elk is suffered from respiratory tract and digestive tract diseases caused by the undersize particle size is reduced.
Because the eucommia ulmoides leaves account for less proportion in the feed, the sufficient particle number can be ensured only by crushing to a certain degree, so that the requirement of the feed mixing uniformity is met, and the uniformity of the mixed breeding feed is improved by crushing and screening out particles smaller than 75 micrometers. The carrot is crushed into feed blocks of 1-3 cm, the alfalfa green hay is rolled into the crushed grass of 3-10 cm, large coarse fibers in the raw materials are primarily refined, and the gastrointestinal burden of elk is relieved, so that the nutrient substances are better absorbed by intestinal tracts. The cellulose material with a certain length can promote rumen rumination of elk, improve the utilization of hay by elk and maintain the healthy digestion physiological activity of elk.
After being mixed in batches, the materials are mixed and stirred for 20 to 30 minutes, so that the uniformity of feed mixing can be effectively improved, and the feed grading caused by overlarge feed particle size difference is avoided. The preparation method of the elk breeding feed almost reserves the nutrient components in the raw materials, improves the uniformity of feed mixing and improves the palatability of the elk breeding feed.
The preparation method of the elk breeding feed almost reserves the nutrient components in the raw materials, improves the uniformity of feed mixing, improves the palatability of the elk breeding feed, removes substances such as heavy metals and the like, and improves the edible safety of the elk breeding feed.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an elk breeding feed which mainly comprises the following raw materials:
15kg of alfalfa green hay, 10kg of corn silage, 5kg of reed silage, 10kg of carrot, 5kg of feed corn, 3kg of soybean meal, 1kg of bran, 1kg of barley, 0.1kg of salt, 0.2kg of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.5-1.5kg of eucommia leaves.
The preparation method of the elk breeding feed comprises the following steps:
respectively crushing feed corn, bean pulp, bran and barley into 8-mesh particles, adding salt and calcium hydrophosphate, and mixing to obtain a mixture; crushing carrots into feed blocks of 1 cm; pulverizing folium Eucommiae into 75 μm granules; mixing the raw materials to obtain a primary mixture;
adding water to roll the alfalfa green hay into 3 cm of chopped grass, adding corn silage and reed silage, and mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
the primary and secondary mixtures were stirred for 20 minutes to obtain elk breeding feed.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an elk breeding feed which mainly comprises the following raw materials:
25kg of alfalfa green hay, 20kg of corn silage, 10kg of reed silage, 20kg of carrot, 10kg of feed corn, 5kg of soybean meal, 2kg of bran, 2kg of barley, 0.2kg of salt, 0.4kg of calcium hydrophosphate and 1.5kg of eucommia ulmoides leaves.
The preparation method of the elk breeding feed comprises the following steps:
respectively crushing feed corn, bean pulp, bran and barley into 10-mesh particles, adding salt and calcium hydrophosphate, and mixing to obtain a mixture; crushing carrots into feed blocks of 3 cm; pulverizing folium Eucommiae into particles smaller than 63 μm; mixing the raw materials to obtain a primary mixture;
adding water, rolling the alfalfa green hay into 10 cm of chopped grass, adding corn silage and reed silage, and mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
the primary and secondary mixtures were stirred for 30 minutes to obtain elk breeding feed.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an elk breeding feed which mainly comprises the following raw materials:
20kg of alfalfa green hay, 15kg of corn silage, 5kg of reed silage, 15kg of carrot, 7.5kg of feed corn, 3.9kg of soybean meal, 1.6kg of bran, 1.5kg of barley, 0.15kg of salt, 0.3kg of calcium hydrophosphate and 1kg of folium cortex eucommiae.
The preparation method of the elk breeding feed comprises the following steps:
respectively crushing feed corn, bean pulp, bran and barley into 9-mesh particles, adding salt and calcium hydrophosphate, and mixing to obtain a mixture; crushing carrots into feed blocks of 2 cm; pulverizing folium Eucommiae into 48 μm granules; mixing the raw materials to obtain a primary mixture;
adding water, rolling the alfalfa green hay into 8 cm pieces, adding corn silage and reed silage, and mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
the primary and secondary mixtures were stirred for 25 minutes to obtain elk breeding feed.
Comparative example
The comparative example provides a breeding feed for elk, which is a ruminant breeding feed prepared by mixing self-prepared mixed concentrate, alfalfa green hay and carrots.
Design of experiments
1. Feeding environment
The floor area of each colony house is 50m2The enclosure of iron grid fence has good lighting performance, soil and ground surface, a small amount of green grass grows on the soil and the enclosure is disinfected 1 time per week, and the playground has an area of 1000 m2The wild weed grassland.
2. Feeding mode
In the implementation of the invention, all artificial breeding populations of elk adopt a mode of mixed feeding of all age groups for extensive management. It should be noted that the embodiment of the invention is mainly used for mixedly cultivating elk artificial breeding population under the condition of lacking fresh green pasture, and the elk is fed by using full mixed feed, so as to meet and maintain the individual health of the elk and the normal breeding of the population.
The experimental group and the control group both adopt group feeding, freely feed and drink water, and salt bricks for feeding are independently placed for free licking, and the materials are respectively fed for 1 time at 8:00 am and 16:00 pm every day.
3. Design of experiments
The study objects are the stag and the newborn young deer, the newborn weight and birth rate of the young deer and the reproductive rate of the stag are counted, and the observation period is 5 years.
The species group growth rate, survival rate and prevalence rate of elk were calculated using all the cultured elks as observation samples, and the observation period was 5 years.
Test example 1
Elk was fed with the ruminant feed provided in the comparative example according to the above experimental design conditions, and the average primary body weight and average birth rate of the young deer, and the average reproduction rate of the mother deer were counted.
Elk was fed with the ruminant feed provided in example 1 under the above experimental design conditions, and the average primary body weight and average birth rate of the young deer, and the average reproduction rate of the mother deer were counted.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 average primary body weight, average birth rate and average maternal deer reproduction rate test results for elk
| Test examples | Average birthBody weight (kg) | Average birth Rate (%) | Average female deer reproduction (%) |
| Comparative example | 11.68 | 23.20 | 47.80 |
| Example 1 | 12.62 | 28.30 | 61.20 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the elk fed with the elk breeding feed of example 1 had a heavier weight for the newborn baby compared to the comparative example, indicating that the feed provides more comprehensive and rational nutrition for the pregnant elk and a better fetal development. Meanwhile, the average birth rate and the reproductive rate of the elk are higher, which shows that the nutrient components of the feed are more comprehensive and reasonable, and the reproductive performance of the elk is improved.
Test example 2
Elk was fed with ruminant feed as provided in the comparative examples, and population growth rate, average survival rate and average prevalence rate were calculated for elk according to the experimental design conditions described above.
Elk was fed with ruminant feed as provided in example 1, and the elk population growth rate, average survival rate, and average prevalence were calculated according to the experimental design conditions described above.
The test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 statistical data relating to elk
From the data in table 2, the higher survival rate and lower prevalence rate of elk fed the elk breeding feed of example 1 compared to the comparative example indicate that the elk breeding feed of example 1 improves the disease resistance and enhances the immunity of elk. Meanwhile, the elk bred by the elk breeding feed in the embodiment 1 has higher population growth rate, which shows that the nutrient components of the feed are more comprehensive and reasonable, and the health of the elk is ensured.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An elk breeding feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15-25 parts of alfalfa green hay, 10-20 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of reed silage, 10-20 parts of carrot, 5-10 parts of feed corn, 3-5 parts of bean pulp, 1-2 parts of bran, 1-2 parts of barley, 0.1-0.2 part of salt, 0.2-0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate and 0.5-1.5 parts of eucommia leaf.
2. The elk breeding feed of claim 1, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20 parts of alfalfa green hay, 15 parts of corn silage, 5 parts of reed silage, 15 parts of carrot, 7.5 parts of feed corn, 3.9 parts of soybean meal, 1.65 parts of bran, 1.5 parts of barley, 0.15 part of salt, 0.3 part of calcium hydrophosphate and 1 part of folium cortex eucommiae.
3. A method of making elk breeding feed as claimed in claim 2, comprising the steps of:
respectively pulverizing corn, soybean meal, bran and barley into 8-10 mesh granules, adding salt and calcium hydrogen phosphate, and mixing to obtain a mixture; crushing carrots into feed blocks of 1-3 cm; pulverizing folium Eucommiae into particles smaller than 75 μm; mixing the raw materials to obtain a primary mixture;
adding water, rolling the alfalfa green hay into 3-10 cm pieces, adding corn silage and reed silage, and mixing to obtain a secondary mixture;
the primary mixture and the secondary mixture are stirred for 20-30 minutes to obtain the elk breeding feed.
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