RU2582017C2 - Method for feeding farm animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, particularly to animal breeding. Method for feeding young cattle envisages usage of main ration fodder additive containing processing products of wild bilberries of bilberry, cranberries, red currant, cake of rape and premix P63-3. All the components are used at the specified ratio. Fodder additive is introduced in dose of 400 g per head of young cattle a day to six months of age.

EFFECT: invention implementation ensures enhancement of nutritive value of fodder due to increase interchange energy content, crude protein, vitamins, sugar and mineral substances.

1 cl, 6 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to livestock.

The increase in livestock production depends largely on the full feeding of animals. Due to the inferiority of the protein, vitamin and mineral composition of feed in animals, metabolic disorders are observed, various diseases appear, productivity decreases, and the nutritional value of livestock products decreases. One of the reasons for the deterioration of human health is a catastrophic deficiency of micronutrients: vitamins, trace elements and other biologically active substances. As one of the reasons for their lack of livestock products intended both for human consumption in raw form, or after processing, and for using them as feed in animal husbandry, one should consider their deficiency in feed of farm animals.

Known carbohydrate-protein supplement for highly productive cows (RF patent No. 2450533, publ. 05/20/2012), including oat grain, urea, bentonite, rye feed molasses. Its use allows to increase the content of sugar, readily available ammonia from urea in the diets of highly productive cows, providing an effective diet for rumen microorganisms and the formation of an additional amount of microbial protein, and to increase the amount of digestible protein in the diet.

The disadvantage of this invention is the use of urea, since this component is a chemical product. Its presence in the composition of the feed is time-consuming, since preliminary training of animals in small doses for 8 days is required, in case of even one delay it is necessary to start the whole training process from the beginning.

Known feed additive "mineron" (RF patent No. 1803024). The disadvantage of this invention is the high content of crude fiber, which is typical for grape marc. The use of drugs of fumaric acid and bimethyl in the composition of the feed additive affects the quality of livestock products.

Known feed additive (patent No. 2467591, publ. 11/27/2012) for cattle containing hydrokeratin, zeolite, grain mix, standard premix P-60-1-2 and rhizome of calamus swamp. The invention provides an increase in the shelf life of the feed additive, increasing the digestibility of nutrients in the diet and animal productivity.

The disadvantages of this invention is the complexity of processing, growing and producing rhizomes of calamus swamp and the high cost of using grain feed as the main component of the feed additive.

The technical task is to increase the nutritional value of feed by increasing the content of metabolic energy, crude protein, vitamins, sugar, minerals, creating a balanced feed supplement.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the animals are given a feed additive for young cattle, which includes products of the processing of wild berries, namely lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries, red currants, as well as rapeseed cake, premix P 63-3 in the following ratio of components, wt .%:

Processing products of wild berries of lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries, red currants 80.0 Oilseed rape 19.0 Premix Π 63-3 1,0

The most effective dose of the feed additive is 400 g per head to fattening gobies up to six months of age per day or in the amount of 10% of the nutritional value of the diet.

Significant distinguishing features of the claimed method of feeding is the use of products of processing wild berries, namely lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries, red currants in combination with oilseed rape seed cake and premix.

Wild berries are one of the promising plant crops for the production of juices, jams, etc. in the Tomsk region. Processing products of wild berries: lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries, red currants are promising highly nutritious and vitamin ingredients. The chemical composition of the products of processing wild berries and oilcake from rapeseed are given in table 1.

The mineral composition of the products of the processing of wild berries and rape meal are shown in table 2.

The vitamin composition of the products of processing wild berries and rape meal is shown in table 3.

It is well known that premix Π 63-3 - a homogeneous mixture of microadditives and filler crushed to the required size, is designed to balance the rations of feeding young cattle during fattening. 1 kg of which contains: vitamins: A - 800 thousand ME, D - 200 thousand ΜΕ, Ε - 100 mg; micro elements: manganese - 400 mg, zinc - 800, copper - 500, iodine - 150, cobalt - 150 and selenium - 10 mg. The premix is introduced into the composition of the feed additive at the rate of 10 g per 1 kg of dry matter.

The claimed quantitative characteristics of the components are selected experimentally. The range of values provides a balanced feed supplement for young cattle.

Experimental studies were conducted on two groups of black-motley bull-calves with 6 animals each. Animals in the groups were selected according to the principle of pairs - analogues taking into account age, live weight, and health status. Studies were conducted on bulls of three months of age with an average live weight of 85 kg. The experiment was carried out for 60 days. During the experiment, the conditions of maintenance and care for the groups of experimental gobies were the same.

Animals of the control group received the main household ration (OR) from 2.0 kg of grain mix (oats + barley), 2.5 kg of hay of legumes and cereals, 25 g of table salt, in animals of the experimental group the diet was similar in composition, but with adding the claimed feed additive. The preparation of the feed additive was carried out by mixing the claimed components in the declared quantities. The resulting mixture was added to the total diet of calves fed at the rate of 400 g per head per day.

The use of an experimental feed supplement had a positive effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters of calf blood. The data obtained indicate that the optimization of feed diets of fattening gobies for the content of mineral elements and vitamins due to the introduction of a feed additive had a positive effect on hematopoietic function in animals of the experimental group. So, the content of hemoglobin, total protein and glucose in animals of the control and experimental groups at the beginning of the experiment was below the physiological norm by 25; 25.7; 21.4% and 27.5; 25.0; 25.0%, respectively. The results of studies of the morphological and biochemical composition of blood at the beginning of the experiment are presented in table 4.

The results of studies of the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood are presented in table 5.

Studies have shown that feeding calves with the inventive feed additive helps increase blood hemoglobin, red blood cells, as well as increase the content of albumin, carotene and vitamin E, which provides a higher level of metabolic processes, an improvement in the body's immune state and an increase in the biochemical status of blood.

The results of hematological and biochemical blood tests of experimental gobies are consistent with their productivity. The increase in the average daily gain in live weight of the bulls of the experimental group was 32.9% compared with the control.

The figure shows a graph of the average daily gain in live weight of calves.

At the same time, the use of feed additives contributed to the reduction of feed costs per unit of production in the experimental group by 40.3% compared with the control (table. 6).

The complex of the above factors contributed to a decrease in the cost of growing gobies in the experimental group by 25.1%, which led to an increase in profitability of 5.9 compared to the control.

Therefore, the use in the diet of fattening calves of the claimed feed additives is advisable from an economic point of view.

Thus, the claimed method of feeding young cattle provides an increase in average daily growth of animals.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding young cattle, which involves the use in the main diet of a feed additive containing processed products of wild berries of lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries, red currants, canola rape and premix P63-3 in the following ratio, wt.%:
processing products of wild berries of lingonberries, blueberries, cranberries, red currants 80.0 oilseed rape 19.0 premix Π 63-3 1,0,
while the feed additive is administered in a dose of 400 g per head of young cattle per day up to six months of age.

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