RU2432776C2 - Protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate for feeding young cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of feed additives and feed-stuffs. The concentrate for young cattle contains nonconforming seeds of rape, winter rye, vetch, sunflower meal, a mineral additive, a premix and zeolite, therewith the seeds are represented by seeds of rape, winter rye, vetch, the meal is represented by sunflower meal, the mineral additive is represented by disodium phosphate, the zeolite is of the Tuzbekskoye deposit, the premix is represented by P60-6M at specified ingredients content.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase live-weight gain, enhance slaughter yield of carcass beefiness.

10 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and feed production, can be used at feed mills in the production of feed additives and animal feed, as well as in industrial complexes for cattle feeding, in peasant farms.

The most important factor determining the profitable management of animal husbandry is the balanced feeding of animals, taking into account the latest achievements of science and best practices. The imbalance of rations for the main nutrient and biologically active substances leads to a large overspending of feed, metabolic disorders in the animal body and a significant decrease in productivity. Only by studying the chemical composition of the feed and the actual nutritional value, determining the level of supply and their accessibility to animals, it is possible to develop balancing additives specifically for each species and sex and age groups of livestock.

From literary sources (1, 2, 3), various methods of balancing feeding diets are known. Among them, the most common and acceptable is the use of various feed additives, premixes, etc. As an example, we can cite several variants of protein-vitamin-mineral supplements used in the cultivation and fattening of young cattle, in% by weight.

1. Sunflower meal - 21; cotton meal - 31; urea - 12; molasses - 10; bone meal - 16; table salt - 10.

2. Barley dart - 61; carbamide - 15.2; monocalcium phosphate - 12.2; molasses -7.6; table salt - 4.

3. Sunflower meal - 20; feed yeast - 15; premix - 5; urea concentrate - 25; feed phosphate - 10; table salt - 5.

A disadvantage of the known additives is the following: firstly, the chemical composition and nutritional value of the main feeds used in diets are highly variable and depend on many factors - soil and climatic conditions, feeding conditions, and keeping animals; secondly, sunflower meal is always in short supply, as it is mainly used for young pigs and birds. For fattening livestock, cotton and rapeseed meal are most suitable. Therefore, it is possible to organize a full-fledged feeding of animals during the development of BVMK taking into account data on the nutritional value of individual nutrients, their ratios and accessibility to the animal body in specific feeding and keeping conditions.

This protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate is developed taking into account the listed factors.

The purpose of the invention: the production of protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate, providing an increase in live weight gain, an increase in slaughter yield, meatiness of carcasses and a decrease in feed costs per unit of production for young cattle during the growing and fattening period, used as a balancing additive in the diet or compound feed. BVMK is based on local cheap feed sources - substandard rapeseed (a source of fat and protein), winter rye and vetch with the inclusion of by-products of oil extraction production - sunflower meal, synthetic nitrogen (urea), natural zeolite of the Tuzbek field of the Republic of Belarus, and a mineral additive - disodium phosphate, premix P60-6M and sel-plex at the rate of 300 g per 1 ton of concentrate.

The task was solved as follows. We have developed 3 recipes for BVMK and the technology for their manufacture. Determining the effectiveness of their use was carried out in scientific and industrial trials.

The process of production of protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate is similar to the technology for the production of compound feeds of concentrates and includes acceptance, purification of metal impurities, dosing of carbohydrate, protein and fat-containing raw materials, mineral additives, zeolite, premix, extrusion and grinding, dosing of components and mixing. Zeolite has a prolonging property, its presence in the BVMK ensures uniform feed intake in the rumen of animals and slows down the hydrolysis of urea as a source of synthetic nitrogen for scar microorganisms.

Stage 1. According to the invention, the rye, rapeseed, vetch and urea grain taken as a carbohydrate component were extruded. The extrusion of grain raw materials and urea was organized in a separate workshop on a specially equipped line, which included the following operations:

- preparation of grain and urea for extrusion, including cleaning from weeds, minerals and metal-magnetic impurities;

- cooling and grinding of the extrudate;

- grinding was carried out on hammer crushers with sieve openings providing d 3-4 mm according to TU.

The extruder is a screw press. The extruder screw KM3-2 consists of several sections. The sections are separated by steam-locking washers, which create resistance to the mixture moving under the action of the screw screws, which contributes to its gradual heating. The pressure in the extruder reaches 10 MPa and above, the temperature of the mixture is 130-135 ° C. Under these conditions, the urea is melted, since its melting point is 132 ° C. The heated product acquires a pasty consistency and swells at the exit of the extruder due to a sharp decrease in pressure to atmospheric. A granulating head is installed on the end part of the extruder screw; upon exiting it, the concentrate is cut off by a special rotating device.

2 stage. According to the technical specifications and the recipe, all other ingredients are fed into the mixer, depending on the performance of the system, all weight batchers work together with batch mixers and the necessary capacity, and are controlled automatically from a common panel. Next, the finished product is packaged according to the technological regime. Comparison of protein-vitamin-mineral-mineral concentrates (BVMK) was prepared in a feed mill located in the village of Verkhneyarkeevo, Ishokobikorm LLC, Ilishevsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The recipes of the test BVMK and the content of nutrients in them are given in table 1.

Table 1. Recipes of protein-vitamin-mineral concentrates in% by weight and their chemical composition Indicators Receptor number one 2 3 four Rye 65 55 52 32 Rapeseed grain is not conditional - twenty - thirty Vika 4,5 - - 10 Sunflower cake - 10 12 5 rapeseed 10 - 25 - Urea 10 5 3 8 Tricalcium phosphate 2.5 3 2 - Disodium phosphate - - - 2 Zeolite 5 four four 10 Premix P60-6M - - - 3 Premix P63-2 3 3 2 - Village Plex * Total one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred 1 kg of BVMK contains: Energy feed. unit (ECE) 0.85 0.89 0.88 0.67 Exchange energy MJ 8.5 8.94 8.84 6.7 Crude protein, g 410.8 335.8 280.8 355 Digestible protein, g 368.0 290.2 230.5 324 Crude Fat, g 24.5 19.84 21 66 Calcium g 9.53 10.52 13.5 34,4 Phosphorus, g 7.67 8 9.12 18.5 Iron mg 763.5 893.5 757.2 1652 Copper mg 7.81 7.21 6.3 8.02 Zinc mg 29.4 34.5 24.1 19.56 Manganese, mg 32.14 38.5 31.24 26.7 Cobalt, mg 0.28 0.25 0.31 0.15 Iodine, mg 0.11 0.31 0.28 0.10 Selenium g - - - 0.3 Vitamin A, mg 53 48.5 21 40 D mg 12 13.5 10 10.58 E mg 14,4 12.02 8.56 62.3 Input into the composition of feed,% twenty twenty twenty twenty Note: in the recipe No. 4, SEL-Plex is introduced at the rate of 300 g per 1 ton of mass.

The above recipes No. 1, 2, 3 have no differences in energy value, however, there are significant differences in the content of raw and digestible protein. So, in the recipe No. 1, the content of crude protein is 75, 130.6 and 55.8 g more, and the digestible protein is 78, 137.5 and 44 g respectively, compared to other recipes. The increase in the specific gravity of rye in the BVMK grain portion contributed to the improvement of their microelement composition, in particular, the contents of zinc, manganese and cobalt increased. Recipe No. 4 had advantages over other recipes in terms of crude fat content by 41.8, 46.16 and 4 g, respectively, calcium by 24.87, 24 and 20.9 g and phosphorus by 10.83, 10 , 5 and 9.38 g. The inclusion of 10% zeolite in the composition of this recipe increased the content of calcium, phosphorus and iron.

The results of the experiment 1.

To determine the effectiveness of the use of calves in the diets in the final fattening of BVMK, made according to recipes No. 1,2,3, conducted scientific and economic experiments. For this, according to the principle of analogue pairs, 4 groups of Bestuzhev bull calves were selected at the age of 14 months, 10 goals each in the MTF LLC MTS "Ilishevskaya" of the Ilishevsky District of the Republic of Belarus. The duration of the experiment was 120 days. The experiments were carried out according to the following scheme: the control group received the main diet + compound feed made according to the VIZh recipe, and the experimental groups consumed grain feed, which included 20% of BMVC made according to recipes No. 1, 2, 3. All experimental animals were in the same conditions of feeding and keeping. The difference in feeding consisted in the fact that the experimental animals consumed grain mix with BVMK of different composition, but in the same amount. The structure of feeding diets was as follows: feed feed + 20% BVMK; straw 9.8; haylage from perennial crops - 34.3 and corn silage - 26.5% and 700 g feed syrup. On average, experimental bulls consumed 11 ECEs, 13.2 kg of dry matter, 985 g of digestible protein, 700 g of sugar, 70 g of calcium, 52 g of phosphorus and 212 mg of carotene per day.

To control the completeness of feeding experimental bulls 2 times (at the beginning and at the end) studied the biochemical parameters of blood. At the beginning of the experiment, all the studied parameters corresponded to physiological norms. At the end of the experiment, the animals of the experimental groups showed an improvement in the content of protein, calcium, phosphorus, carotene. Thus, in animals of the second group, the protein content increased by 3.4% (P <0.05), calcium - 4.2 (P <0.05), phosphorus - 2.2 and carotene 6.7% (P <0 , 05), and in the third, by 2.8, 3.6 (P <0.05), 1.8 and 5.3% (P <0.05), respectively, in the fourth, 1.1, 2, 5, 3.1, 3.6% (P <0.05), against control animals.

To determine the effect of using BVMK in the composition of grain mixtures on the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in the diet, balance experiments were performed at the age of 15 months for 3 animals from each group.

The use of BVMK in the diets of gobies had a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients in the diet (Table 2).

Table 2. The digestibility ratios of nutrients,% Indicators Groups 1 - control 2 - experienced 3 - experienced 4 - experienced Dry matter 66.33 ± 1.21 68.43 ± 1.26 67.95 ± 1.13 66.75 ± 1.14 Organic matter 67.23 ± 0.98 70.12 ± 0.97 69.56 ± 0.95 70.45 ± 0.68 * Crude protein 65.21 ± 0.94 68.29 ± 0.89 68.96 ± 0.91 * 67.92 ± 1.15 Crude fat 67.35 ± 0.82 70.36 ± 1.16 71.05 ± 0.92 * 70.82 ± 0.78 * Crude fiber 57.21 ± 0.98
74.18 ± 1.35 58.05 ± 1.20
75.25 ± 1.00 57.42 ± 1.14
76.38 ± 1.25 58.65 ± 0.93
77.02 ± 1.05 Bev * - (P <0.05)

So, the dry matter was better digested by animals of the second group — 2.1% more than in the control, and animals 3 and 4 of the experimental group — only 1.65 and 0.42%. The digestibility of organic matter was higher by 2.89, 2.33 and 3.22 (P <0.05)%, respectively, of crude protein - by 3.08%, 3.75 (P <0.05) and 2, 71%, crude fat - by 3.01, 3.70 (P <0.05) and 3.47%, crude fiber - by 0.84, 0.21 and 1.44 and BEV - by 1.07, 2.2 and 2.84% than in animals of the control group, who consumed compound feed according to the VIZh prescription.

The optimal ratio of nutrients and minerals, vitamins, and also zeolite contributed to better digestibility of nutrients and their assimilation by animals, as well as an increase in the average daily gain in live weight of experimental bulls (Table 3). At the same time, the highest gains in live weight were noted in the fourth group by 6.3 (P <0.01)%, in the second - by 5.4 (P <0.05) and in the third - by 4.14% compared to animals of the control group.

The costs of ECE and digestible protein for 1 kg of gain in live weight were lower in the second group by 9.76 and 5.14%, respectively, in the third group by 3.95 and 5.89% and in the fourth by 3.85 and 5, 93% than in control.

Table 3. Live weight and average daily gain of experimental gobies Indicators Groups 1 control 2 experienced 3 experienced 4 experienced Live weight, kg: when tested 310 ± 1,5 308 ± 1.20 307.5 ± 0.9 309 ± 1.8 when withdrawing from experience 421 ± 0.75 425 ± 1.2 * 423.1 ± 1.8 427 ± 0.8 ** Gross gain, kg 111.0 ± 0.80 117 ± 1,1 * 115.6 ± 0.9 118 ± 0.95 ** in% of the control one hundred 105,4 104.14 106.3 The average daily gain, g 925 975 963 983.3 Consumption per 1 kg of growth: ECE 11.89 10.73 11.42 11.19 in% of the control one hundred 90.24 96.05 94.14 digestible protein, g 1064.9 1010.3 1023.0 1001.7 in% of the control one hundred 94.86 96.15 94.07 * - (P <0.05); ** - (P <0.01)

Studies have shown that the use of BVMK in the diets of gobies positively affects the slaughter yield of meat. Therefore, optimization of the ratio of nutrients in the diets of gobies not only reduces the cost of obtaining 1 kg of the average daily gain in live weight, but also increases the slaughter yield of meat (Table 4).

The analysis of the results of the control slaughter showed that the calves of the experimental groups in comparison with the control set higher slaughter indicators. So, their slaughter weight was higher by 2.42 (P <0.05), 1.73 and 2.64 (P <0.05)%, respectively, and the yield of fresh carcass was 3.94, 3.48 and 6.50%, internal fat by 9.75 (P <0.01), 6.10 and 8.54 (P <0.01)% and, accordingly, slaughter yield by 0.94, 1.01 and 2 ,12%.

Table 4. The results of the control slaughter of gobies,% Indicators Groups 1 control 2 experienced 3 experienced 4 experienced Slaughter mass, kg 405 ± 2.29 414.8 ± 1.89 * 412 ± 2.18 415.7 ± 2.35 * Weight of fresh carcass, kg 215.5 ± 2.05 224.0 ± 2.48 223 ± 2.14 229.5 ± 2.31 * The yield of steam carcass,% 53.21 54 54.6 55.2 Mass of internal fat, kg 8.2 ± 0.09 9.0 ± 0.12 ** 8.7 ± 0.05 * 8.9 ± 0.07 ** Slaughter weight, kg 223.7 ± 1.75 223.0 ± 2.48 231.7 ± 2.16 * 238.4 ± 1.75 * Slaughter yield,% 55.83 56.17 56.24 57.35 * - (P∠, 05); ** - (P∠, 01)

Analysis of economic efficiency showed that the cost of 1 ton of BVMK, made according to the recipe number 1, decreased due to the optimization of vegetable protein (meal) and synthetic nitrogenous substances (table 5).

Table 5. Beef Production Efficiency Indicators Groups 1 control 2 experienced 3 experienced 4 experienced Absolute gain, kg 111.0 ± 0.8 117 ± 1,1 * 115.6 ± 0.9 118 ± 0.95 ** The average daily gain, g 925 975 963 983.3 Production costs, rub. 5100 5225 5225 5225 The cost of manufacturing additives, RUB 300 434.8 549 452.16 Cost of 1 kg gain in live weight, rubles 4600 4150 4420 4330 Realizing price of 1 centner of products, rubles 6500 6500 6500 6500 Sales revenue, RUB 7215 7605 7514 7670 Profit RUB 1815 1945 1740 1992.8 Profitability level,% 33.61 34.36 30.13 35.10 * - (P <0.05); ** - (P <0.01)

Putting into the commercial grain mixture 20% of BVMK, made according to recipes No. 1, 2, 3, increased the absolute increase by 6, 4.6 and 7 kg and the selling cost of production per head by 390, 299 and 455 rubles. The profitability of beef production was higher in the second and fourth groups by 0.75 and 1.49% compared with the control. However, the profitability of beef production in the third experimental group was 3.48% less than in the control, since the ratio of the components of BVMK in recipe No. 2 contributed to an increase in the cost of its production.

In recent years, literature has published data on the use in animals rations of various kinds of selenium-containing preparations, including organic selenium, which is one of the limited trace elements (5). However, there are almost no specific norms or recommendations for its use in the diets of a cattle feedlot. In this regard, on the basis of previously obtained research results, to balance rations of fattening gobies and get better beef from them, a new BVMK recipe (No. 4) was developed, which included plex-plex as a source of organic selenium manufactured by Alltech (USA )

The results of experiment 2.

In 2006, to determine the effectiveness of the use of this BVMK (recipe No. 4) in MTF Telekeevo, OOO MTS "Ilishevskaya" of the Isishevsky district formed 2 groups of Bestuzhev bulls of 14 months old, 10 by breed, according to the principle of analogs (breed, age, live weight) goals in each. The duration of the experiments was 120 days. The experiments were carried out according to the following scheme: the control group received the main diet (RR) + compound feed made according to the recipe of VIZh. The experimental group received (OR) + grain mixture with the introduction of 20% BVMK. The experimental animals were in the same conditions of feeding and keeping. Before staging scientific and economic and production experiments, the chemical composition and nutritional value of the main feed of the diet, including the test BVMK and mixed feed, were studied. According to the results of chemical analysis of feeds, the content of nutrients, metabolic energy, mineral and biologically active substances in them was determined and the diets of feeding experimental animals were compiled in accordance with the requirements of detailed norms (4). The average daily feed consumption per head amounted to, kg: straw of spring cereal crops - 4.5; corn silage - 13; haylage from perennial crops - 6.5; concentrate - 4. Total: 11.5 feed units and 1100 g of digestible protein. Sugar-protein ratio was 0.65. For 1 feed unit accounted for: dry matter - 1.3 kg, crude protein - 170 g, including digestible protein - 99.5 g; calcium - 10.32, phosphorus - 4.7 g and carotene - 55.4 mg.

During the experiment, hematological parameters of blood were also studied to determine the usefulness of feeding. At the beginning of the experiment, in gobies of both groups, hematological parameters were within the physiological norms. At the end of the experiment, a significant improvement in the studied parameters was noted compared with the initial data. So, in comparison with the control, the calves of the experimental group increased the hemoglobin content by 6.4% (P <0.05), white blood cells - 6.2 (P <0.05), protein - 4.4 (P <0.05 ), calcium - 15.6 (P <0.01), phosphorus - 3.36 and carotene 8.3% (P <0.01).

The use of BVMK as a part of the grain mixture not only improved the blood hematological parameters, but also had a positive effect on the metabolic processes in the body of gobies, which contributed to better digestibility and assimilation of nutrients of the feed. Thus, the digestibility ratios of protein were higher by 6.6% (P <0.05), fat - 5.5 (P <0.05), fiber - 4.9 (P <0.05) and BEV - 2, 5% compared with gobies of the control group. The balance of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus was positive, while the animals of the experimental groups allocated them less with feces and urine and more were deposited in the body.

The use of the new BVMK contributed to better digestibility, digestibility of nutrients in the diet and an increase in live weight gain. The weighing results are given in table 5.1.

Table 5.1. Change in live weight of gobies when using 20% BVMK as part of compound feed Indicators 1 - control 2 - experienced Live weight, kg: at the beginning of the experiment 298.5 ± 1.02 298.0 ± 0.72 at the end of the experiment 408.5 ± 2.52 420.0 ± 2.88 * Absolute gain, kg 110.0 122.0 * The average daily gain, g 917.0 1017.0 * % To control one hundred 110.9 Consumption per 1 kg of gain in live weight: feed units 12.54 10.56 in% of the control one hundred 84,4 digestible protein, g 1200 988.2 in% of the control one hundred 82.35 * - (P <0.05)

In the experimental group, the average daily gain was 10.9% more, the consumption of feed units and digestible protein for 1 kg of live weight gain was 15.6 and 17.65% less than in the control group. Experienced bulls treated with BVMK grain mixtures had higher meat productivity (Table 6).

Table 6. Meat productivity of gobies Indicators 1 - control 2 - experienced Slaughter live weight, kg 388.5 ± 1.51 397.0 ± 1.12 * Weight of fresh carcass, kg 211.7 ± 1.20 220.7 ± 1.35 ** The yield of steam carcass,% 54.5 55.6 Mass of internal fat, kg 10.6 ± 0.2 12.5 ± 0.38 * The output of internal fat,% 2.73 3.15 Slaughter weight, kg 222.3 ± 1.61 233.2 ± 1.63 ** Slaughter yield,% 57.22 58.74 * - (P <0.05); ** - (P <0.01)

As a result of the control slaughter, it was established that the bulls of the experimental groups, in comparison with the control, had higher slaughter qualities. The slaughter mass in animals of the experimental groups was significantly higher by 2.19% (P <0.05), and the yield of fresh carcass by 1.1%, internal fat by 0.42% and slaughter yield by 1.52%.

One of the important indicators characterizing the value of the carcass is the meat yield after deboning (Table 7). In studies of the morphological composition of carcasses, it was found that the bulls of the experimental group exceeded the absolute mass of pulp by 8.6 kg (5.2%) (P <0.05), bone yield was less by 0.72%, the edible part of the carcass was 0 , 65%, and the meat index by 0.22%.

Table 7. Morphological composition of carcasses of gobies Indicators 1- control 2 - experienced Weight of chilled carcass, kg 209.2 ± 2.21 218.2 ± 1.95 * Pulp mass, kg 166.0 ± 1.58 174.6 ± 2.35 * % to the mass of carcass 79.35 80.0 Bone mass, kg 38.4 ± 0.16 38.5 ± 0.12 % to the mass of carcass 18.36 17.64 The mass of tendons and ligaments, kg 4.8 ± 0.05 5.1 ± 0.07 % to the mass of carcass 2.29 2,36 The yield of edible carcass,% 79.35 80.0 The output of the inedible part of the carcass,% 20.65 20,0 Meat index 4.32 4,54 Pulp obtained per 100 kg live mass, kg 40.64 41.57 * - (P <0.05)

The yield of muscle tissue in gobies is evidenced by the yield of pulp in the carcass per 100 kg of live weight. This figure is 0.93 kg more than the calves of the control group.

It was found that in the animals of the experimental group, carcass pulp contained 0.81% more dry matter, including 0.23% protein and 0.54% fat than in the control (Table 8).

Table 8 The chemical composition and yield of nutrients in the pulp of carcasses Indicators 1 - control 2 - experienced Dry matter% 31.95 32.76 including protein 18.05 18.28 fat 12.91 13.45 ash 0.99 1,03 Energy value of MJ 8.12 8.51 The content in the pulp of carcasses, kg dry matter 53.04 57.20 squirrel 29.96 31.92 fat 21.43 23.48 energy mj 1347.92 1485.85 The ratio of protein and fat 0.72: 1 0.74: 1

Economic efficiency. When determining the economic efficiency of using a new feed concentrate (BVMK) when fattening gobies for meat, production indicators such as the cost of feed and feed additives, the cost of maintaining animals, the cost of 1 kg of live weight gain, direct costs per unit of output, the amount of revenue and profit, profitability at prices prevailing in 2007.

Analysis of the economic efficiency of using BVMK showed that an additional 392 rubles of profit were received per head, and the profitability of beef production in the experimental group increased by 4.28% (Table 9)

Table 9. Economic efficiency of beef production Indicators 1 - control 2-experienced Absolute gain, kg 110.0 122.0 The average daily gain, g 917.0 1017.0 Production costs, rub. 5302 5302 Additional costs for 400,0 acquisition of BVMK, rub. Cost of 1 t of growth 4820.0 4,673.77 live weight, rubles Realizing price of 1 centner, rub. 6,600.0 6,600.0 Revenues from sales 7260.0 8052.0 products, rubles Profit RUB 1958 2350 Profitability level,% 36.93 41.21

To confirm the results obtained in scientific and economic experience, production tests were carried out on the use of gobies in the diets in the final fattening of the grain mixture with the introduction of 20% BVMK, made according to the recipe No. 4. For this, in the conditions of the small-commodity farm “Ural” LLC of the Ilishevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 2 groups of black-and-white bull calves were selected - analogues in live weight and age: 50 animals in control and 78 in experimental. The feeding and keeping conditions were the same. The differences consisted in the fact that the bulls of the control group received compound feed prepared according to the VIZh standards, and the bulls of the experimental group were introduced into the household grain mixture 20% of the tested protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate. The results are shown in table 10.

In production tests, the high efficiency of the used protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate (BVMK) was established. In the experimental group, on average, 1 head received more profit by 275 rubles, and in the whole group of animals - by 21,450 rubles. with a profitability of beef production of 37.17%, which is 2.33% higher than in the control.

The main advantage of BVMK, made according to the recipe No. 4, is the most optimal ratio of vegetable protein and synthetic nitrogenous substances used by scar microorganisms, which turn them into a biologically complete accessible protein, as well as an increased content (10%) of natural zeolite, which has a prolonging effect on nitrogen exchange and possessing unique ion-exchange properties. All of the above components due to their chemical composition, interacting with each other, in the complex have a positive effect on the growth and development of animals.

Table 10. Economic efficiency of using BVMK Indicators 1 - control 2 - experienced Number of animals, goals fifty 78 Live weight of livestock: at statement, kg 315 ± 3.96 320 ± 4.20 when removed, kg 423 ± 4.84 438.5 ± 3.21 * Absolute gain in live weight, kg 108 ± 0.98 118.5 ± 1.10 The average daily gain, g 900 988 Costs per 1 kg of gain in live weight: feed units 10.0 9.5 digestible protein, g 1100 1055 Production costs, rub. 5238 5238 Additional costs, rub. 412 Cost of 1 centner growth, rub. 4850 4767.93 The selling price of 1 kg of live weight, rubles. 6540 6540 Sales revenue, RUB 7063 7750 Profit RUB 1825 2100 Profitability,% 34.84 37.17

The introduction of an additional 300 g of SELPLEX per 1 ton of concentrate as a source of organic selenium with antioxidant and immunostimulating properties into BVMK improved its biological usefulness. Animals that consumed this compound feed showed the best metabolic rate, high nutrient uptake, which was reflected in the biochemical parameters of blood, payment for food, live weight gain, slaughter rates, meat quality and, most importantly, the profitability of beef production.

Literature

1. N. G. Makartsev “Feeding of farm animals” Kaluga, State Unitary Enterprise Oblizdat, 1999, p.267.

2. L.P. Zaripova, Sh.K. Shakirov, Sh.A. Aliyev and others. “Feed of the Republic of Tatarstan” Handbook. Kazan, Publishing house "FEN", 1999, p.147-149.

3. L.P. Zaripova, Sh.K. Shakirov “Practical recommendations (feed, BVMD, BVMK, premixes)” Kazan, 2007, p. 68.

4. A.P. Kalashnikov. Norms and rations for feeding farm animals. Handbook Ed. A.P. Kalashnikova et al., Moscow, Russian Agricultural Academy, 2003, p. 456.

5. N.A. Golubkina. Selenium in nutrition: plants, animals, people. / Under. ed. N.A. Golubkina, T.T. Papazyan. Printing City, 2006, p.250.

Claims (1)

BVMK - protein-vitamin-mineral concentrate for young cattle for fattening, containing substandard grains of rapeseed, winter rye, vetch, sunflower cake, mineral supplement, premix and zeolite, characterized in that the grain contains rapeseed, rye, wiki grain , as a meal - sunflower meal, as a mineral additive - disodium phosphate, zeolite of the Tuzbek field, as a premix - P60-6M with the following ingredients, wt.%:
rape thirty rye 32 Vika 10 sunflower meal 5 urea 8 disodium phosphate 2 zeolite 10 premix P60-6M 3
at the same time, 300 g of SELPLEX is introduced per ton of concentrate.