RU2379942C1 - Feed extruded mixture for young cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry, feed.

SUBSTANCE: invention is referred to feed production. Feed extruded mixture is suggested for the young cattle that characterises by the fact that it contains cereals, mostly oats, rice husks, peas, sunflower ground oil-cake, chalk, table salt, premix PKR-1 in the following ratio of the ingredients, wt %: cereals - 34.0-45.0, rice husks - 36.0-39.0, peas - 10.5-15.5, sunflower ground oil-cake - 4.0-8.0, premix PKR-1 - 1.0, chalk - 2.0-3.0 and table salt - 0.5. For the cereals you can use oats, barley, offal sod wheat, buckwheat, millet as well as their mixtures within the specified limits in wt % of the cereals.

EFFECT: invention enables to increase nutritional value of the product owing to a highly balanced composition both of the cereals and the vitamin group at the same time reducing the feed cost as well as the product cost.

3 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention is intended for the development of feed and can be used by both small enterprises in rural areas and large feed mills to provide food for animals, including young cattle.

Known feed for pigs containing barley, wheat, rice husk, animal flour, sunflower meal, premix P51, salt (copyright certificate RU 2128449 A23K 1/10, 1998).

It is known to use crushed and dried feed for farm animals containing beer pellets, grain waste, sawdust, peat with a decomposition rate of up to 20% and / or waste from the confectionery, starch and / or fruit and vegetable industry. As the waste of the fruit and vegetable industry, waste is used in the production of green peas, and / or apple juice, and / or tomatoes. Waste wafers and / or cocoa shells are used as wastes from the confectionery industry. As waste starch industry use waste from the production of starch products from potatoes, corn, rice and wheat (patent RU No. 2212846, A23K 1/16, 1999).

The specified feed mixture for the named components of the composition is not suitable for cattle.

The task of the invention is the creation of a feed extruded mixture with high nutritional value at low cost.

The essence of the invention is a feed extruded mixture for young cattle, characterized in that it contains cereal component, rice husk, peas, sunflower meal, chalk, table salt, premix RCC-1 in the following ratio, wt.%:

cereal component - 34.0-45.0,

rice husk - 36.0-39.0,

peas - 10.5-15.5,

sunflower meal - 4.0-8.0,

premix PKR-1 - 1.0,

chalk - 2.0-3.0,

table salt - 0.5.

In addition, a feed extruded mixture is claimed, the difference of which, along with the above set of features, is a cereal component in the form of one of the representatives of the group: oats, barley, by-products of wheat processing, buckwheat, millet within the mentioned boundaries, wt.%, As well as a mixture of two and more cereal components within the same boundaries, wt.% for the group of cereal.

The technical result is to increase the nutritional value of the product due to the highly balanced composition of both representatives of the cereal group and the vitamin group while reducing the cost of the feed product and the time of disposal of rice by-products. The latter is a serious problem for rice-growing regions due to fire hazard, environmental pollution and the lack of the right, reasonable choice to use this valuable raw material.

The claimed feed extruded mixture has low costs per unit of production, since it recommends a wide range of choices for by-product production of cereal product, depending on the region of its cultivation. So, rice production waste, poorly used until now, complete with the named composition of the components is a complete feed. High performance feed mixtures - evidence of its digestibility.

The feed mixture for young cattle contains in wt.%: Rice husk - 36.0-39.0, cereal component - 34.0-45.0 (mainly oats are used as barley, wheat, buckwheat by-products are possible) , millet, as well as a mixture of two or more components), peas - 10.5-15.5, sunflower meal - 4.0-8.0, chalk - 2.0-3.0, salt - 0.5. However, the whole set of cereal components should be limited to 34.0-45.0 wt.% In any combination in order to guarantee the repeatability of the product as a whole with respect to the other, non-scraped component.

Premix PKR-1, 1.0, includes the following components (per 1 ton of premix): Vitamin A, IE - 200000; Vitamin D3, IE - 400000; vitamin E, IE g - 50; vitamin B ₂ , g - 1000; vitamin B ₃ , g - 2000; vitamin B ₁ , g - 300; vitamin B ₁₂ , g - 2.0; vitamin B ₅ , g - 1000; iron, g - 2500; manganese, g - 10000, copper, g - 500; cobalt, g - 250; iodine, g - 150; magnesium, g - 1500; sulfur, g - 10,000; antibiotic, g - 6000; filler (bran), kg - the rest.

Rice husk, which is part of the feed mixture, contains organic compounds (sugar, nitrogen, amino acids, organic acids) and inorganic substances (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu). The presence in the rice husk of a rich carbohydrate complex, vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin) determines its use as a component of the feed mixture. Rice husk treated with sodium hydroxide solution increases the duration of the chewing gum, which improves the efficiency of feed mixtures, prevents constipation and other digestive disorders in calves, enriching the whole feed mixture with protein-mineral-vitamin composition. The selection of components was carried out taking into account the biological characteristics of calves, their physiological characteristics and the needs of the feed mixture, which gave high feed coefficients.

The combination of these components and their weight ratio allows the use of extruded feed mixture without additional inclusion in the diet of animals. The feed mixture is balanced, versatile, and most importantly, easily digestible.

The feed mixture was prepared by pre-treatment with alkali of rice husks with further tracking. Then, dosing, mixing and extruding the components were carried out.

The main property of this feed mixture is efficiency, which allows to reduce the proportion of nutrients for maintaining life and increasing the share of products.

The results of feeding young cattle of the proposed feed mixture are presented in tables 1-2.

Table 1 The composition and nutritional value of the feed extruded mixture Components Groups one 2 3 Oats 38,0 36.0 34.0 Rice husk 36.0 37.5 39.0 Peas 17.0 15.0 13.0 Sunflower meal 4.0 6.0 8.0 Premix PKR-1 1,0 1,0 1,0 a piece of chalk 2.0 2.5 3.0 Common salt 0.5 0.5 0.5 Water 1,5 1,5 1.5 1 kg contains feed units 1,07 1.16 1.13 exchange energy, MJ 9.82 10.73 10.49 crude protein, g 11.81 11.44 11.53 lysine, g methionine and cystine, g crude fiber, g 5,6 5.72 5.79 crude fat, g 2.76 6.23 5.41 calcium g 7.22 6.98 7.12 phosphorus, g 5.10 5.06 4.40

table 2 Indicators Groups one 2 3 1 feeding period Live weight, kg: at the beginning 57.3 ± 2.6 60.4 ± 2.1 58.5 ± 2.8 in the end 71.3 ± 3.8 89.1 ± 3.8 75.7 ± 5.0 The average daily gain, g 2 fattening period Live weight at the end, kg: 150.2 ± 9.3 166.2 ± 11.3 158.7 ± 7.1 The average daily gain, g In general, for the experience Total gain, kg The average daily gain, g 656 784 710 The average daily consumption of feed mixture, kg 5.52 4.61 5.99 Spent feed mixture per 1 kg of growth, kg 4.05 4.05 4.65 at % 94.6 117.3 117.3 Average daily organic intake substances, kg 3.72 3.83 3.77 Organic matter consumed per 1 kg growth, kg 3.43 3.52 3.48 at % 92.31 91.91 92.2

Microbiological analysis of the stored extruded feed mixture showed changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of microflora. The mixture was stored in reinforced concrete tanks of circular cross-section, the temperature was maintained at 20 ... 23 ° C, and relative humidity was 80 ... 85%.

The studies determined:

- the number of bacteria, mold (microcytes) and mycelial fungi;

- the presence of E. coli and coli titer;

- the presence of salmonella.

An analysis of the research results (Table 3) indicates that a high extrusion temperature leads to a noticeable decrease in bacteria in the extrudate.

Pathogenic anaerobes, as well as salmonella and staphylococcus, were not found during storage of the extrudate. Thus, processing the product on extruders is an effective way to disinfect it, while the bacteria die almost completely.

The results of the production audit showed that on the KMZ-2 extruder, in accordance with the developed technology, it is possible to produce feed mixtures with husk content 36 ... 39%. At the same time, the quality of feed mixtures meets the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation (Table 4).

Table 4 Digestibility ratios of nutrients for extruding the feed mixture (in vivo method) Extrudate Digestibility,% dry matter protein fiber Husk - 3 7.5% + 61.0 47.10 17.62 Oats - 36+ Peas - 15% + Sunflower meal - 6% + Premix PKR-1 - 1% + Chalk - 2.5% + Salt - 0.5%

The use of extrudate in the diets of young cattle in an amount of up to 39% instead of grain raw materials provides a given nutritional value of the feed mixture and increases the increase in live weight of animals by 6%.

When extruding bulk feed, the following modes are recommended:

humidity% 18-20 husk fineness, mm 1.1-1.2 pressure, MPa 10 temperature, ° С 120 processing time, s 25-30

The recommended technology for obtaining the feed mixture ensures the utilization of by-products of rice production, reduces the level of use of grain raw materials in the production of animal feed and feed mixtures, reduces their cost, reduces the cost of production of rice cereals and eliminates environmental pollution.

Claims (3)

1. Fodder extruded mixture for young cattle, characterized in that it contains a cereal component, rice husk, peas, sunflower meal, chalk, salt, premix PKR-1 with the following content of components, wt.%:
cereal component 34.0-45.0 rice husk 36.0-39.0 peas 10.5-15.5 sunflower meal 4.0-8.0 premix PKR-1 1,0 a piece of chalk 2.0-3.0 table salt 0.5 2. The extruded feed mixture for young cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the components mentioned above is used as cereal: oats, barley, by-products of wheat, buckwheat, millet processing, within the boundaries mentioned, wt.%. 3. The feed extruded mixture for young cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that as a cereal representative, a mixture of cereal from two or more components within the boundaries mentioned, wt.%.