RU2701497C1 - Method of application of coniferous-energy additive for bee dressing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of beekeeping, in particular, to a method for improvement of egg-laying capacity of bee queens and breeding of broods. Method envisages introduction of a coniferous-energy additive into the main diet of the honey-and-sugar mixture in amount of 1–2 %.

EFFECT: using the invention enables normalizing the carbohydrate-vitamin balance.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of beekeeping, in particular for feeding and compensation of carbohydrate-vitamin deficiency.

Due to adverse environmental conditions, balanced feeding of bees is an urgent problem to ensure the physiological state of bee families, including increasing the egg production of queen bees.

Autumn is the final period of preparation of bees for wintering. The nature of the development of families and their labor activity during the next year will largely depend on how the bees will winter. In order for the bees to survive it successfully, they were ready to give viable offspring in the spring and produce beekeeping products, they must be carefully and timely prepared for the winter period. Successful preparation of bees for winter is based on the process of forming strong families, each of which takes at least 7 frames in the hive.

Feeding bees for the winter helps to solve several problems: to prepare the necessary fodder stocks if the bee colonies did not manage to cope with this themselves; to reimburse the honey that was seized at the end of the main honey collection; replace honey with rapid crystallization and honeydew honey with high-quality syrup; apply therapeutic and prophylactic agents, if necessary.

In apiaries located in mountainous zones and forests, in early August there begins a non-harvesting period. As a result, the queen bee early ceases egg laying. Therefore, feeding families activates her work and prepares the family for wintering. It is undesirable to activate the egg production of the uterus at the end of September, as this can lead to the depletion of young nurse bees, and late bees that do not have time to fly around.

Due to the wide spread of dangerous bee diseases, unfavorable environmental conditions and, as a result, low resistance of bees, the search for environmentally friendly and safe preparations with the properties of biostimulants is of particular relevance.

An important role in the developmental period is played by stimulating feeding, which beekeepers quite widely use in practice. The basis of these top dressings is sugar syrup, which is enriched with preparations containing amino acids, vitamins, trace elements [Bilash N.G. Comparative analysis of protein substitutes // Beekeeping. 2003. No1. S. 53-54 (1)]. The purpose of their use is to activate metabolic processes in the bee's body, which contributes to an increase in disease resistance, working capacity, an increase in life expectancy, and, ultimately, a reduction in the cost of maintaining bee colonies, and an increase in the profitability of apiaries.

Of particular interest is the inclusion of probiotics in the composition of stimulating top dressing, which makes it possible to increase the resistance of bees to infections. After the drug enters the gastrointestinal tract, biologically active substances begin to be released and microbial cell systems function, having both a direct effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, and indirectly - by activating specific and nonspecific defense systems of the body. At the same time, probiotic bacterial cells, which can be considered as biocatalysts of many vital processes in the digestive tract, actively produce enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics and other physiologically active substances that complement the complex therapeutic and prophylactic effect [Panin AN, Malik N.I. Probiotics - an integral component of rational animal feeding // Veterinary medicine. 2006. No. 7. S. 21-23 (2)].

The widespread use of probiotic drugs used in animal husbandry found their place in beekeeping. It is known that top dressing with the complex preparation “Vetom” dissolved in sugar syrup increased the life expectancy of working bees in cage experiments by 9 days compared with the control [Pshenichnaya, EA. The positive role of stimulating top dressing // Beekeeping. 2010. No2. S. 14-15 (3); Pshenichnaya, E.A., Sinitsyn V.M. The influence of dietary supplements on the egg production of the uterus // Beekeeping. 2009. No9. S. 16-17 (4)].

The use of the “Spasipchel” feed additive in beekeeping had a positive effect on the economically useful signs of bee colonies. The suppression of pathogenic microflora, the synthesis of biologically active substances by bacteria in the composition of the drug led to the stimulation of the processes of spring development of bee colonies, an increase in their strength before the main honey collection and an increase in productivity. Compared with the control, the families of the experimental group were characterized by higher productivity.

There are various therapeutic and preventive additives for bees containing biologically active substances, such as amino acids, yeast or blue-green algae (chlorella) [Copyright certificate SU No. 793556, publ. 01/07/81 (5); Copyright certificate SU No. 829088, publ. 01/25/81 (6); Copyright certificate SU No. 546337, publ. 03/21/77 (7)]. However, the listed additives do not contain a sufficient amount of vitamins, biologically active substances and, as a result, slightly affect the productivity of bees.

A known drug to stimulate the reproduction of bees and increase their resistance to various extreme factors, containing as a biologically active substance a mixture of ecdysterone, vitamin B ₁₂ and a filler is a mixture of sugar, starch and stearic acid [RF Patent No. 2034504, publ. 05/10/95 (8)].

The disadvantage of the drug is that it mainly regulates the reproduction of bees and does not have a noticeable effect on the physiological functions of bees, such as summer activity and the production of mother milk and honey.

Known feed additive, which is part of the drug "Pchelodar", designed to increase the resistance of bees and the prevention of poisoning based on biologically active substances. The preparation is an aqueous solution of 17 L-amino acids, simple peptides, micro and macro elements, nucleic and hexuronic acids. [RF Patent No. 2305935, 2007 (9)].

Known feeds and feed additives, due to the negative impact of environmental and anthropogenic environmental factors, do not ensure the full development of bee colonies and, therefore, the egg production of queens.

Currently, the most promising are studies related to the use in veterinary medicine of bioregulatory type products, abundantly contained in woody greens.

The beneficial properties of woody greens containing carotene, chlorophyll, xanthophyll, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, flavanoids, amino acids, vitamins K, E, C and other substances that play a significant role in metabolism and in the synthesis of several new vitamins in the body do not cause doubts are reflected in many publications [Yagodin V.I., Vyrodov V.A. Technology of biologically active substances from woody greens. St. Petersburg: LTA, 1999, 80 pp. (10)].

Pine needles contain iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, potassium, sodium, calcium and other micro and macro elements. The high cobalt content in the needles explains the therapeutic effect of feeding it. In addition, resinous substances, essential oils and phytoncides, which have a bacteriostatic effect on the intestinal microflora, are in needles.

The technical task of this invention is the creation of artificial carbohydrate feed for bees, which is a complete replacement for honey and intended for use as top dressing during the preparation of bees for wintering by optimizing the composition of the feed.

A method of using a coniferous-energy supplement (HED) for feeding bees consists in introducing it into the main diet of a honey-sugar mixture in an amount of 1-2% in order to increase the egg production of uterus and to brood.

The manufacturer of the HED is LLC NTTs Khiminvest, Nizhny Novgorod [TU 9759-011-42400357-13. Coniferous energy supplement. Technical conditions N. Novgorod, 2013, 9 pp. (11), Technological regulations for the production of coniferous-energy additives. N. Novgorod, 2013, 11 pp. (12)].

HED is a homogeneous viscous liquid with a characteristic coniferous smell, olive green or dark green in color, water content not more than 50%, pH 8.0-9.0, density not less than 1,126 g / cm ³ and mass fraction of carotene not less than 3 mg% per 100 g of extract. Studies of the chemical composition of HED showed a high content of B vitamins (B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B ₉ ), as well as carotenoids and other biologically active compounds. The energy value of coniferous energy supplements is 250 kcal / 100 g supplements.

The studies were conducted on a group of bee colonies of the Maykop ecotype of the Carpathian breed in the conditions of apiary No. 25 of the FSUE PPK Maikopskoye when given to bees with dough-like food. When setting up the experiments, they were guided by the methods of conducting scientific research in beekeeping [Methods of conducting scientific research in beekeeping. - Rybnoe, 2002 (13)].

For feeding, we used the main diet, consisting of a honey-sugar mixture in the ratio of 1 part honey and 4 parts of powdered sugar, with the addition of HED,%: 0.5, 1, 2, 3. The mixture was diluted with water to obtain a pasty consistency, packed in polyethylene and in a warm form they were placed on top of the nest under the canvas at the rate of 0.5 - 1 kg per bee family. The mixture was characterized by a pronounced smell of honey and needles, the color depended on the concentration of HED and changed from light brown to brown. For feeding the families included in the control group, a mixture without additives was used, which had a creamy color and the smell of honey and was more sticky.

Formed experimental groups of 5 families each:

- a control group, whose bees received only a honey-sugar mixture - the main diet (OR);

- 1st experimental group - OR with the addition of 0.5% HFD;

- 2nd experimental group - OR with the addition of 1% HFD;

- 3rd experimental group - OR with the addition of 2% HFD;

- 4th experimental group - OR with the addition of 3% HFD.

The mixture in the amount of 2 packets of 0.5 kg per family was given to all experimental groups. In order to assess the intake of food by bees, weighed packages with food were daily weighed, which showed that the bees took food with a concentration of HED of 1 and 2% 1.5 times more active compared to the control. A mixture with a content of 3% CFC was taken inactive by bees, possibly due to a pronounced coniferous smell.

During the experiment, it was found that after five times feeding, the strength of families receiving supplements containing 2% CFC increased by 28.9% relative to the control data, in families receiving a mixture with 1% supplement - by 26.1%, in families with 0 , 5% supplementation data differed from the control by 9.8%.

When feeding the feed with all the HED fractions, no dead bees were found at the bottom of the hives, brood wastes, while the uterus continued to work, the behavior of the bees did not differ from the control group.

Topping with coniferous extract had a beneficial effect on the work of uterus and bee brood rearing, so when feeding mixtures containing 1 and 2% ED, during the first control examination (15 days after the start of feeding) the increase in the number of brood compared to the control was 9.3% and 24.4%, respectively. Analysis of this indicator after a subsequent two-week period showed an increase in the number of brood relative to the control by 23.4% and 68%, respectively.

Thus, the introduction of coniferous-energy supplements to the main diet positively affects the work of queens and brood rearing. This is especially noticeable when feeding mixtures containing 1 and 2% ED.

Information sources:

1. Bilash N.G. Comparative analysis of protein substitutes // Beekeeping. 2003. No1. S. 53-54.

2. Panin A.N., Malik N.I. Probiotics - an integral component of rational animal feeding // Veterinary medicine. 2006. No. 7. S. 21-23.

3. Wheat, EA The positive role of stimulating top dressing // Beekeeping. 2010. No2. S. 14-15.

4. Pshenichnaya, EA, Sinitsyn V.M. The influence of dietary supplements on the egg production of the uterus // Beekeeping. 2009. No9. S. 16-17.

5. Copyright certificate SU No. 793556, publ. 01/07/81.

6. Copyright certificate SU No. 829088, publ. 01/25/81.

7. Copyright certificate SU No. 546337, publ. 03/21/77.

8. RF patent No. 2034504, publ. 05/10/95.

9. RF patent No. 2305935, 2007.

10. Yagodin V.I., Vyrodov V.A. Technology of biologically active substances from woody greens. St. Petersburg: LTA, 1999, 80 pp.

11. TU 9759-011-42400357-13. Coniferous energy supplement. Technical conditions N. Novgorod, 2013, 9 pp.

12. Technological regulations for the production of coniferous-energy supplements. N. Novgorod, 2013, 11 pp.

13. Methods of conducting research in beekeeping. - Fish, 2002.

Claims (1)

A method of using a coniferous-energy supplement (HED) for feeding bees, which involves introducing it into the main diet of a honey-sugar mixture in an amount of 1-2% in order to increase the egg production of uterus and to brood.