RU2292727C1 - Young hen feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves introducing into basic ration biologically active additive; using milk thistle seed flour as biologically active additive; prescribing said additive to young hens, beginning from 4-day age, in two courses of 10 day duration with interval between courses of 10 days at the rate of 0.3-0.4% by weight of basic ration.

EFFECT: increased productive potential and natural resistance level expressed in increased retention and average daily gain in body weight.

4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to poultry, relates to a method for feeding young chickens and can be used for its cultivation.

Known methods of feeding poultry with the use of additives to enrich basic diets with biologically active substances based on waste from food industry enterprises (for example, beet pulp, distillery stillage, fodder flour from grape marc, from waste from processing seeds of rice, buckwheat, oat barley, millet, sunflower etc.) [1], algae, for example Platymonas viridis [2], Spirulina platensis [3], as well as vegetable protein and vitamin supplements [4].

The purpose of the invention is a method of feeding young chickens to increase the growth rate, the functional activity of the immune system.

This goal is achieved by the method of feeding young chickens, including the introduction of spotted milk thistle seeds (Silybum mariana) into the main diet.

Milk Thistle (Silybum mariana) is an herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae. It grows in southern Europe, as the weed is common in the Mediterranean countries and Asia Minor. In the CIS, a small amount is found in the Caucasus, Central Asia, the southern regions of the European part and Western Siberia. It grows along roads, sometimes like a weed plant. Milk thistle can be cultivated in all areas where the frosty period is not more than 150 days, for example, in the Volga region and the Krasnodar Territory. The biochemical composition of milk thistle includes 400 biologically active components. The most valuable are 12 types of silymarins, which strengthen cell membranes, especially liver cells, vitamins A, D, E, K, F, micro and macro elements, of which copper, zinc, and selenium are pharmacologically significant. Milk thistle preparations (cold-pressed seed oil, meal, seed powder, leaf infusion) are widely used in medicine for diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract, in the complex treatment of cardiovascular and gynecological diseases, as well as for healing the body in as an additive to food. Milk thistle oil is used in cosmetology. Milk thistle is added to confectionery, bread, and drinks.

The method is as follows.

Milk thistle seed flour is prescribed in two courses lasting 10 days with an interval of 10 days, starting from 4 days of age, at the rate of 0.3-0.4% of the main diet. Studies were conducted on chickens-analogues of the cross Isa-Brown in standard conditions, optimal in temperature, light, ventilation, poultry farm. Young animals were kept in the cells of the middle tier of the BKM-3 equipment.

Example 1. From young girls of daily age, two groups were formed (experimental and control) with 144 heads each. Chickens from the experimental group, starting from 4 days of age, were fed milk thistle flour at a rate of 0.3-0.4% of the main diet with two courses of 10 days duration with 10-day intervals between courses. Chickens in the control group received a standard diet without feed additives. Both in the experimental and in the control group, the entire technological chain adopted at the poultry farm was observed. To assess the livestock of the experimental and control groups, the following indicators were taken into account: weight - by weighing young animals and deriving the average live weight; daily monitoring of the safety and clinical condition of the bird; RHCA immunity after the first and second vaccination of livestock against Newcastle disease.

During the experiment, the dynamics of the stress state caused by technological influences on the bird was taken into account (table 1). The total duration of the experiment is 15 weeks.

Table 1. Technological stress factors in force during the 15-week period of the experiment Stress factors Stress factor exposure time, days Vaccination against Marek’s disease (BM), i / m and against chicken infectious bronchitis (IB), spray one Gamboro Disease Vaccination 6 Vaccination against Newcastle disease (NB), spray twenty Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccination, aerosol 22 HD vaccination 22 Seated Chicks 25 Vaccination against IBC, spray 34 ILT vaccination, aerosol 41 Vaccination against NB, aerosol 47 Debicking 55 Vaccination against SSYA-76, BN and IBK, v / m 95

The results are presented in table 2, 3.

Table 2. The dynamics of clinical and physiological parameters Indicators Groups of chickens experienced control Gain and coefficient of increase in body weight, grams per day 3 7 45.8 46.6 fourteen 66.9 (1.46) 67.9 (1.46) 22 118.8 (1.78) 117.3 (1.73) 42 186.2 (1.56) 178.3 (1.51) 105 511.0 (2.74) 470.0 (2.64) 1130.0 (2.21) 1069.3 (2.27) The average daily weight gain, grams 11.93 10.9 Safety at the age of 105 days,% 98.6 95.8 Table 3. The effectiveness of vaccination of birds against NB Indicators Groups of chickens experienced control Immune tension geometric mean antibody titers, log ₂ - after the first vaccination (20 days) 55 45 - after the second vaccination (47 days) 98 73 - after the third vaccination (95 days) 294 164 The effectiveness of vaccination,% - after the first vaccination (20 days) 80.6 76.9 - after the second vaccination (47 days) 88.0 84.6 - after the third vaccination (95 days) 100.0 92.0

Observations of safety and weight gain (table 2) showed that the use of milk thistle seed flour contributed to an increase in safety by the end of the experiment to 98.6% compared to 95.8% and an increase in average daily gain by 9.4% compared to control, which indicated on the positive impact of the claimed method of feeding, on the one hand, on the state of resistance and the level of development of the immune system, as the main component of the body's resistance to infectious diseases and resistance to environmental factors, integrative whose measure is the indicator of the safety of the population, and metabolism and productivity, an indicator of which are the gain, on the other. An increase in the level of development of the immune system was evidenced by the tension of immunity against Newcastle disease after the first vaccination at the age of 20 days and revaccination at the age of 47 and 95 days (table 3). In the experimental group, a higher degree of antibody formation and protection was noted compared with the control group. Revaccination has confirmed this trend. In the experimental group, after the third vaccination, a completely immune population was obtained, while in the control group the proportion of seropositive birds was only 92%.

Example 2. The effectiveness of the claimed method in comparison with the known methods-analogues was evaluated in an experiment on chickens of egg cross "Isa-Brown" in a scientific and production experiment. The young animals selected by the method of analogues for the experiment were divided into four groups. In one control group, chickens from daily to 28 days of age additionally received spirustim at a dose of 0.1% of the main diet, in another SKO - at a dose of 0.3 g / kg of live weight, in the third control group, chickens did not receive additional drugs, and in the experimental group - milk thistle flour in accordance with the invention In the period of the experiment, the following indicators were taken into account for assessing the state of livestock: weight - by weighing the young stock and removing the average daily gain; control of safety and clinical condition of weight. The results are presented in table 4.

Table 4. The effectiveness of the claimed and known methods of feeding Indicators Groups of chickens first second the third the fourth Feeding method OR + spirustim OR + SKO OR OR + milk thistle % incidence 3.0 5,0 16,0 1,5 % safety 99.0 96.0 95 one hundred The average weight gain, grams 32.7 ± 1.2 34.5 ± 1.2 29.6 ± 1.9 37.7 ± 1.2

The claimed method of feeding in comparison with the known ones provided an increase in nonspecific resistance, which was expressed in a decrease in the incidence rate up to 1.5% and an increase in safety up to 100%. Moreover, the average weight gain significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator in the control groups (table 4). The effectiveness of the claimed method of feeding is ensured by the presence in the milk thistle of substances that increase the functional activity of the antioxidant and immune systems, which is especially important when growing young farm birds due to the underdevelopment of antioxidant mechanisms during depletion of the antioxidant reserve of the yolk during incubation and after hatching (the chicken may lose 10-50% of its reserves vitamin E in the liver during the first two weeks of life) and exposure to numerous stress factors (table 1), boiling the development of state of stress maladjustment.

Information sources

1. Gaynetdinov M.F. The rational use of food industry waste in animal husbandry. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1978.- P.34-56.

2. A.S. No. 1207458, A 61 K 1/16, 08/08/82.

3. Zootechnics, No. 6, 2001, s.16-19.

4. RU 2160994 C1 12.27.2000.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding young chickens, including the introduction of a biologically active additive in the main diet, characterized in that milk thistle seed flour is used as a biologically active additive, which young chickens, starting from 4 days of age, are prescribed in two courses of 10 days with an interval between courses of 10 days at the rate of 0.3-0.4% of the main diet.