RU2450533C2 - Carbohydrate-protein additive for ruminant animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular - to fodder production. The carbohydrate-protein additive for high-productive cows contains an amide concentrate additive including oat grains, urea and bentonite taken at preset ratio. Additionally the fodder additive contains rye grain fodder molasses. The oat grains are treated in a mechanochemical mill.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to increase the content of sugar, readily available urea ammonia and paunch microorganisms ensuring an effective dietary regime in high-productive cows rations as well as generation of an additional quantity of microbial protein and to increase the quantity of digestible protein in the ration.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular feed production.

When organizing proper feeding of highly productive cows, balancing rations for sugar and protein is of great importance (Kalashnikov A.P. Feeding dairy cattle. - M .: Kolos, 1978. - S.8-23). Sugar, as a digestible carbohydrate, is necessary for the animal organism as a source of energy. In addition, with a sufficient level of sugar in the rumen of ruminants, the rapid multiplication of microorganisms that form the microbial protein is stimulated (Tomme MF Protein problem in animal husbandry and the importance of synthetic nitrogen compounds / Urea in feeding ruminants. - M., 1963. - P. 8 -17). For a dairy cow with a live weight of 600 kg and a daily milk yield of 20 l according to the standards of academician A.P. Kalashnikov (2003) is required to have 80 g of sugar in the diet per 1 ECE (energy feed unit). This is approximately 1200-1250 g per day per 1 head. In a normal diet consisting of coarse, succulent feed and concentrates, sugar contains 432-450 g. Its deficit is 48.1-53.7%.

With a lack of sugar in the diet, the animal body begins to intensively use proteins as energy substances. In this case, the productivity and reproductive function of animals is significantly reduced. It is known that with high milk productivity, a cow produces 140-200 kg of protein, 150-300 kg of fat, 200-300 kg of sugar, 6-9 kg of calcium and 4.5-7.0 kg of phosphorus with milk for lactation.

The intensity of metabolic processes in cows increases in the first months after calving. This occurs under the influence of neurohumoral regulation of lactation. During this period, milk synthesis occurs due to the mobilization of reserve reserves of nutrients. There is the term “body deletion”. There is a loss of live weight in cows up to 1 kg per day. Therefore, the task is to provide new-born cows with a level of feeding at which the loss of live weight would be minimal, without negative consequences for animal health. In livestock practice, this is achieved by advanced feeding of concentrated feed. However, in this case there is a certain limitation - the level of feeding of concentrates should not exceed 45% of the nutritional value of the diet. Otherwise, cows get ketosis. It follows from the above that balancing the diets of cows with sugar and protein is crucial for realizing the genetic potential of animal productivity.

Traditional feeds containing sugar are molasses and root crops. The sugar beet cultivation area in our country has sharply decreased in recent years, and molasses production does not meet the needs of animal husbandry. At one time, it was assumed that an alternative way to enrich cow diets with readily available carbohydrates would be a method of producing hydrolysis sugar from wood raw materials, peat and field wastes.

Industrial production of feed hydrolysis sugar was organized in early 1977 using the R&D technology of feed resources (Ernst L.K. Production and use of hydrolysis sugar in animal husbandry / L.K. Ernst, Z.M. Naumenko, N.T. Rudenko, N. V. Kurilov, S. I. Ladinskaya. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1982. - P.74-97). The raw material for the production of feed hydrolytic sugar was a mixture of coniferous and deciduous wood in a ratio of 1: 1. In this case, the concentration of sugar on dry matter reaches 30-40%.

In animal experiments, it was found that hydrolysis sugar can be used in diets of cows (Mukhamedyanov M.M. Use of hydrolysis sugar in feeding ruminants: Recommendations. - Kirov, 1979. - P.5-6). However, due to the high cost of equipment and high energy consumption, hydrolysis sugar was stopped.

Having studied the state of the issue of the production of readily available carbohydrates in our country, we proposed that the specialists of the biological products plant in Berdsk, Novosibirsk Region, develop equipment for the production of fodder molasses from grain crops - wheat and rye. The proposed method for the production of molasses from grain feeds is described in detail in the patent (19) RU (11) 2265364 (13) with 2 (publication date of the application 2005.05.27).

Having studied the effectiveness of using cereal molasses in lengthy experiments on highly productive cows, it was decided to enrich it with protein through an amide concentrate supplement (AKD). Thus, it became possible, by applying a new carbohydrate-protein supplement in the diets of highly productive cows, to reduce part of the grain feed and improve the balance of sugar and protein.

The closest in technical essence of the invention is the solution, which describes a feed additive containing oat grain, bentonite and urea (GB 1380474A) (TRIPLE F 01/15/1975).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- a high level of indigestible fiber when using oat grain, crushed on conventional crushers (particle size 2-3 mm);

- a low percentage of assimilation of urea nitrogen (urea) in the rumen of animals with insufficient amounts of sugar in diets (less than 27 g per 1 ECU);

- feeding with urea-containing additives requires the preliminary training of animals in small doses for 7-8 days. In the case of even a one-time delay, it is necessary to start the whole training procedure from the beginning.

The objective of the invention was the development of a more effective carbohydrate-protein supplement for highly productive cows, contributing to an increase in sugar rations of 72.4% and readily available ammonia from urea, providing an efficient diet of scar microorganisms and the formation of an additional amount of microbial protein. The amount of digestible protein increased in the diet by 144 g (9.0%).

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that an amidoconcentrate additive consisting of 10% urea, 6.5% bentonite and 83.5% oat grain processed by a mechanochemical mill is added to feed molasses from rye grain. Molasses provides better balancing of the diets of highly productive cows for sugar, per 1 ECU the amount of sugar has increased from 27.2 to 46.9 g, the optimal level of introduction of bound urea in the amide concentrate supplement (AKD) helps to increase nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of animals; bentonite clay has high moisture-absorbing properties and is a sorbent for gas absorption; ground oats are a source of protein and starch in an easily digestible form, and its fiber binds urea, slowing the release of ammonia. For amide concentrate additives (AKD), the percentage ratio of the components was chosen by us on the basis of previous studies as the most effective option.

A distinctive feature of the claimed invention is the original combination of carbohydrate feed, mineral supplements, synthetic urea nitrogen and specially ground oat grain (particle size less than 0.3 mm). The use of urea in this form contributed to its slow dissolution in the rumen of cows and almost complete assimilation by microorganisms. 1 kg of AKD contained: 203.0 g of digestible protein, 13.2 g of fat, 76.6 g of fiber, 404.2 g of BEV, 20.7 g of sugar, 330 g of starch, 2.2 g of calcium, 1.9 g of phosphorus.

The proposed carbohydrate-protein supplement is a balanced mixture of sugary, high-protein and natural mineral substances. The composition of these components of the additive exhibits an improving effect on the microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract and directly on the animal organism of each of the components included in its composition. Feeding a carbohydrate-protein supplement of 2.3 kg per 1 head per day does not require prior training of animals.

The nutrient content in the molasses is shown in table 1.

Table 1 Nutrient content in molasses from rye grain Indicator Rye molasses Moisture% 51.0 Content,% on absolutely dry matter: Ash 1,2 Crude protein 31,2 Glucose 64.58 Starch 3.32 Ash content: Potassium g / kg 1.97 Sodium, g / kg 0.45 Magnesium g / kg 0.48 Iron, mg / kg 20.5 Manganese, mg / kg 12,4 Copper mg / kg 0.55 Zinc mg / kg 13.8

To identify the effectiveness of feeding carbohydrate-protein supplements to cows, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted in the Elite Farm in the Novosibirsk Region for 150 days on three groups of cows with 10 animals each, selected on the basis of analogues taking into account productivity from previous lactation, live weight, time calving, average milk yield a month before setting up for experience. According to the approved experimental scheme, the animals of the control group received feed of the main diet (RR), consisting of hay, corn silage, grain fodder, beer grains; cows of the II experimental group were fed individually 1.3 kg of feed molasses to the main diet; animals of the experimental group III were fed 2.3 kg per 1 head per day of a carbohydrate-protein supplement consisting of feed syrup and AKD in a ratio of 1.3: 1.

In order to level out the diets of the total energy supply, the cows of the control group received 0.5-0.8 kg more grain fodder than the experimental ones. Based on the account of the set feed and residues, the amount of feed consumed was determined (Table 2).

table 2 The amount of feed consumed per 1 head per day, kg Feed Group I control II experienced III experienced Campostal hay 3.0 2.5 2,4 Corn silo 35.6 36.6 34.2 Grain fodder 5.1 4.6 4.3 Beer shot 13.0 13.0 13.0 Rye molasses - 1.3 - Carbohydrate Protein Supplement - - 2,3 Common salt 0.1 0.1 0.1

From the data of table 2 shows that the feed of the main diet of all experimental animals consumed approximately the same amount. The nutrient content of the consumed feed is presented in table 3.

Table 3 Nutrients in consumed feed (per 1 head per day, g) Feed Group I control II experienced III experienced ECE 15.7 15.9 15.9 Exchange energy, MJ 157.0 159.0 159.0 Crude protein 2526.1 2563.3 2611.8 Digestible protein 1592.0 1609.2 1736.8 Fat 518.2 522.9 514.3 Cellulose 4326.5 4254.1 4097.4 Sugar 428.5 746.7 741.0 Starch 2434.8 2231.9 2450.8 Calcium 76,4 74,4 72,4 Phosphorus 55.0 54.3 53.6

Based on the data in table 3, we can conclude that the overall nutritional value of the diets of the experimental animals did not differ significantly between the groups. For nutrients other than sugar and protein, there was not much difference between the groups. It should be noted that in the diets of cows of the III experimental group, 239.1 g of starch was presented in easily digestible form, which arose during the preparation of AKD.

Thus, based on the data on feeding experimental animals, we can conclude that the total amount of essential nutrients consumed was sufficient, which created the prerequisites for obtaining objective data on the effect of feeding cows molasses rye and amide-concentrate supplements to cows.

Based on the data of control milks, the following results were obtained for 150 days about the milk productivity of cows and the chemical composition of milk (Table 4).

Table 4 Cow milk production and milk chemistry Indicator Group I control II experienced III experienced The average daily milk yield, kg 15.70 ± 0.37 16.99 ± 0.28 17.69 ± 0.20 In% to the control group one hundred 108.1 112.6 The chemical composition of milk,%: dry matter 12.80 ± 0.12 12.97 ± 0.18 13.06 ± 0.15 SOMO 8.21 ± 0.06 8.56 ± 0.06 8.75 ± 0.07 protein 3.01 ± 0.07 3.09 ± 0.05 3.16 ± 0.06 fat 3.93 ± 0.12 4.01 ± 0.09 4.08 ± 0.09 calcium, mg% 106 109 115 phosphorus, mg% one hundred 104 109 Density, g / cm ³ 1,030 1,030 1,032 The average daily milk yield of 4% fat, kg 15.42 ± 0.38 17.03 ± 0.29 18.04 ± 0.25 % to the control group - 110.5 117.0

Feeding cows a carbohydrate-protein supplement had a positive effect on the milk production of cows and the chemical composition of milk. Cow milk yield significantly increased by 2.62 kg (117.0%). The tendency of an increase in dry matter in milk has been established. Quite significant differences between the control and experimental groups III were identified by protein and fat. The amount of protein in daily milk yield increased by 90 g (11.1%), fat - by 109.1 g (17.1%). ECE costs per 1 kg of milk decreased by 8.5%.

The improvement of metabolism in experimental cows compared with the control is evidenced by the data of morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of cows (Table 5).

Table 5 Morphological and biochemical parameters of blood Indicator Group I control II experienced III experienced Hemoglobin, g% 10.85 ± 0.60 11.20 ± 0.50 11.58 ± 0.52 Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / L 5.65 ± 0.24 6.06 ± 0.16 6.17 ± 0.18 White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / L 12.63 ± 0.78 11.17 ± 0.65 10.63 ± 0.51 Total protein, g% 65.0 ± 1.80 70.9 ± 1.40 74.2 ± 1.45 Alkaline reserve, g% 202.4 ± 8.0 209.1 ± 9.1 210.8 ± 9.3 Vitamin A, mcg% 59.4 ± 1.78 60.2 ± 1.81 65.0 ± 1.80 Vitamin E, mcg% 0.25 ± 0.02 0.22 ± 0.02 0.31 ± 0.03

There was a tendency to a decrease in white blood cells in the blood of animals treated with a carbohydrate-protein supplement, and an increase in the content of vitamins A and E, which indicates an improvement in their state of health.

At the end of the experiment, a calculation was made of the economic efficiency of using a carbohydrate-protein supplement in feeding lactating cows (Table 6).

Table 6 Cost-effective use of carbohydrate-protein supplements Indicator Control group Experimental group (with a carbohydrate-protein supplement) Difference ± Milk production of 4% fat for 150 days of experience in the group, kg 23805 27900 +4095 The cost of milk, rub. 238050 279000 +40 950 The cost of the additive, rub. - 6838 +6838 Received additional profit from the sale of milk, taking into account the cost of the additive, rubles. 238050 272162 +34112

Based on the data in table 6, we can conclude that feeding carbohydrate-protein supplements to dairy cows is economically feasible. Per 1 cow, 34,112 rubles were received. additionally arrived.

Bibliographic data

1. Kalashnikov A.P. Feeding dairy cattle. - M .: Kolos, 1978.- S.8-23.

2. Tomme M.F. The protein problem in animal husbandry and the importance of synthetic nitrogen compounds / Urea in the feeding of ruminants. - M., 1963. - S.8-17.

3. Ernst L.K. Production and use of hydrolysis sugar in animal husbandry / L.K. Ernst, Z.M. Naumenko, N.T. Rudenko, N.V. Kurilov, S.I. Ladinskaya. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1982. - S.74-97.

4. Mukhamedyanov M.M. The Use of Hydrolytic Sugar in Feeding Ruminants: Recommendations. - Kirov, 1979. - S.5-6.

5. Danilenko EG Dairy productivity and physiological processes in cows at a different level and ratio in the diets of easily digestible carbohydrates / E.G.Danilenko, N.I. Shuparskaya // Doklady VASKHNIL. - 1969. - No. 1. - S.22-24.

6. Popov N.F. The role of carbohydrate fodder in the diets of ruminants // Dokl. - 1963. - No. 3. - S. 34-38.

7. Kurilov N.V. The role of carbohydrates and the use of nutrients in diets by ruminants / N.V. Kurilov, A.Ya. Masloboev, N.A. Sevastyanova // Animal husbandry. - 1964. - No. 10. - S. 75-76.

8. Badaeva N.V., Kiselev R.A., Kochkin S.S. (54) Method for producing fodder molasses (19) RU (11) 2265364 (13) with 2 (51) 7А23 К 1/00, С13К 1/06, LLC PO Sibbiofarm (45). Published on December 2005.

9. (OV 1380474A) (TRUPLE F. 01/15/1975).

Claims (1)

Carbohydrate-protein additive for highly productive cows, containing an amidoconcentrate additive, including oat grain, urea and bentonite, characterized in that it further contains feed molasses from rye grain, and oat grain is processed in a mechanochemical mill, while the amidoconcentrate additive has the following composition: urea - 10%, bentonite - 6.5%, ground oats - 83.5%; the ratio of feed molasses and amidoconcentrate additives is 1.3: 1.0.