RU2720620C1 - Mineral balancing feed additive for lactating cows and a method for production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to fodder production, in particular to a mineral balancing feed additive for lactating cows, a method for production thereof and a method for improving digestibility of mineral substances. Additive is a mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, chalk and brucite taken in certain proportions. Additive is obtained in the form of granules which are given in amount of 250 g/head a day.

EFFECT: group of inventions will allow to increase milk productivity of animals, improve quality parameters of milk and mineral substances digestion.

4 cl, 12 tbl, 5 ex

Description

Technical field

The group of inventions relates to feed production, in particular to mineral balancing feed additives for lactating cows.

State of the art

Improving the efficiency of livestock production depends on the quality of feed and the availability of animals with all the necessary nutrient and biologically active substances in optimal proportions for the body.

Known feed concentrate for lactating cows, containing waste oil extraction production (oilcake), waste sugar production (beet molasses) and vitamin-mineral premix. Premix contains the following components: vitamins A, D3, E, H, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine. [RU 2685909 C1, 04/23/2019]. The disadvantage of feed concentrate is the lack of urea in the composition, which allows to increase milk productivity and monoammonium phosphate, which helps to strengthen the immune system in the animal.

Known feed additive for dairy cows, including straw of sweet corn, flour from cotton seeds, legumes, plant stems and leaves, green grass, bean meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, dust of fish bones, premix and salt [CN 103844086 A, 06/11/2014 ]. The disadvantage of this feed additive is the lack of mineral components that could improve milk quality indicators.

Known feed mineral supplement containing monoammonium phosphate, chalk, sodium chloride, brucite, sodium selenite, manganese oxide, cobalt carbonate, zinc sulfate, copper carbonate, potassium iodide, iron sulfate, molasses and limestone [Yaroslavtsev F.V. The use of feed mineral supplements in the diets of lactating cows // Collection of articles on the materials of the X All-Russian (national) scientific-practical conference of young scientists dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T.S. Maltseva. Under the general editorship of Sukhanova S.F., 2018, p. 193-198]. The disadvantage of this feed additive is the complexity of obtaining a feed additive and the complexity of its composition due to the presence of organic inorganic substances. As well as the lack of urea, which allows you to balance the diet for nitrogen.

The closest analogue of the technical solution of the claimed invention is a nitrogen-mineral feed additive for cattle, including urea and bentonite clay and additionally containing diammonium phosphate [RU 2161417 C2, 01/10/2001]. However, this additive does not have a complex effect on the animal’s body and is not effective for improving the absorption of minerals in animals.

Disclosure of invention

The purpose of this group of inventions is to develop the composition of a mineral balancing feed additive for lactating cows and a method for its production in order to increase the quantity and improve the quality of milk; improving the viability of the animal, replenishing a balanced diet in energy, in the daily requirement of the body with minerals; obtaining economic efficiency, including reducing the cost of milk.

The technical result, which the group of inventions aims to achieve, is to increase the milk production of animals; improving the quality of milk; improving the absorption of minerals in animals by introducing a feed additive into the diet.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a mineral balancing feed additive is developed, which is a mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, chalk, brucite, in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Urea 29.4 Monoammonium phosphate 29.4 a piece of chalk 29.4 Brucite 11.8.

A method for producing a mineral balancing feed additive has also been developed, which includes an additional stage of granules classification through vibrating screens with hole diameters from 2 mm to 6 mm and subsequent packing of granules into packaging. And a method has also been developed to improve the absorption of minerals in lactating cows by introducing a mineral balancing feed additive in the animal's diet in an amount of 250 g / goal. per day.

In conditions of intensification of animal husbandry, the development and use of complex mineral additives, which are sources of macro- and microelements, is relevant today. It is possible to fill the lack of minerals in cattle diets through the use of feed monoammonium phosphate, chemically precipitated chalk, ground brucite, urea in the complex:

This composition affects the body of the animal due to the following components:

Urea:

- increases milk productivity;

- increases the protein content in feed and in animal products;

- allows you to balance the diet for nitrogen;

- normalizes the main hematological parameters of highly productive lactating cows.

Monoammonium phosphate:

- contributes to the normalization of metabolism in the body;

- participates in protein biosynthesis processes;

- helps strengthen immunity;

- allows you to reduce the risk of diseases associated with the lack of this element;

- is part of nucleic acids that serve as carriers of genetic information;

- contributes to the effective functioning of the immune and reproductive systems.

A piece of chalk:

- necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses, muscle movements and permeability of cell membranes;

- an integral part of the tissue structure:

- activator of enzymes;

- participates in blood coagulation and milk formation;

- iron takes part in the transport of oxygen (hemoglobin).

Brucite:

- takes part in maintaining acid-base balance and osmotic pressure in fluids and tissues;

- takes part in protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism;

- is part of the bone and soft tissues;

- provides the functional ability of the neuromuscular apparatus;

- participates in body thermoregulation;

- participates in protein, fat and mineral metabolism of animals.

Also, the specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a composition with a certain ratio of mineral feed additives is developed (Table 1). It is the specified ratio of the components of the mineral additive provides a new, improved in comparison with the prototype, mineral balancing feed additives.

The claimed mineral balancing feed additive can be obtained in the following way.

The method consists in mixing several components, in accordance with the recipe, followed by granulation. The technological process of production consists of one technological line.

The process includes the following stages:

- loading and crushing of components for feed additives;

- mixing the components for the feed additive;

- granulation of the resulting mixture of feed additives;

- drying of the finished product;

- classification and packaging of the finished product.

An example of obtaining a feed additive.

For the production of 1000 kg of finished feed additives used:

urea - 294 kg

- monoammonium phosphate - 294 kg,

- chalk - 294 kg,

- brucite - 118 kg.

The pre-weighed components are loaded into the hopper manually using an electric hoist with a lifting capacity of 3.2 tons and a manual hydraulic stacker. From the hopper by screw feeders, the mixture is fed into the weight hopper. The mixture is fed from the weighing hopper by a screw feeder to the crusher for grinding. Next, the components are fed into the mixer. The mixture prepared in the mixer is fed by screw feeders into the hopper. From the hopper with a screw feeder, the mixture is fed to a plate granulator to form granules. As a binder on the granulator plate through the nozzles, it is envisaged to supply pre-prepared water with a flow rate of 1 0.008 m3 / h. The granulator is equipped with an activator for breaking up a large fraction. The granules of the feed additive after the granulator through the airlock feeder are fed to the dryer in a "fluidized bed", consisting of three sections. Air is supplied to the dryer by fans after pre-heating in steam heaters to a temperature of 40 ° C to 60 ° C with saturated steam pressure of 0.6 MPa. Steam condensate from steam heaters enters the existing condensate network. Hot air passes through a perforated sheet and a layer of material, dries it and is removed through a nozzle into a cyclone. The dried product is discharged through a gate feeder to a belt feeder and fed to a vibrating screen. On the vibrating screen there is a classification of the product. The coarse fraction (with a diameter of more than 6 mm) and the fine fraction (with a diameter of less than 2 mm) are sent for processing by a belt feeder to a crusher for grinding. Next, the components are fed by screw feeders to a plate granulator to form granules. A commercial product (pellet diameter from 2 mm to 6 mm) is fed by belt feeders to the hopper. From the hopper, the product is fed to the packaging. Packing is carried out in bags with weighing on floor scales. Packing control is carried out on site.

The claimed invention is made in a convenient form in the form of granules. In one granule all mineral nutrients (macro- and microelements) are evenly distributed. The claimed mineral balancing feed additive meet the requirements of GOST 26573.0-2017 "Premixes. Technical conditions. "

The implementation of the invention.

The implementation of the claimed purpose and confirmation of the possibility of achieving a technical result is illustrated by the following examples.

A study on the effectiveness of the use of mineral balancing feed additives was conducted on the basis of JSC "Agrofirm" Vostok "of the Nikolaev district of the Volgograd region on lactating cows of Ayrshire breed.

During the research, the following indicators were studied:

The chemical composition of the feed for the content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash.

The determination was carried out by the following methods:

- determination of humidity - GOST 13496.3-92, GOST R 54951-2012;

- determination of nitrogen and crude protein according to Kjeldahl - GOST R 51417-99 (IS05988-97);

- determination of crude fiber - GOST 13496.2-91, GOST 31675-2012;

- determination of crude ash - GOST 13979.6-94;

- determination of crude fat - GOST 13496.15-97.

The mineral composition of granular mineral complexes based on mineral raw materials:

- sodium content - by flame photometry;

- mass fraction of calcium - GOST 26570-95 p. 2.2;

- mass fraction of phosphorus - GOST 26657-97;

- mass fraction of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, cobalt - GOST 26573.2-2014 p. 6;

- the content of potassium, magnesium - GOST 32343-2013 (ISO 6869: 2000);

- mass fraction of lead - GOST 30178-96;

- mass fraction of chromium, nickel - by atomic absorption spectrometry.

Milk productivity of cows - by means of control milking every week with the determination of its quality, using a Lactan 1-4 M mini milk analyzer.

Clinical and physiological parameters - by recording body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate in 1 minute, rumination in 2 minutes.

Hematological parameters: the number of red blood cells and white blood cells - by counting in a Goryaev’s chamber, biochemical parameters in blood serum using the colorimetric method.

Biometric data processing was performed according to the method of N. Plokhinsky. and programs ((Microsoft Excel.) The significance of differences between the characteristics was determined by comparison with the Student criterion. Three thresholds of reliability were determined (* P> 0.95, ** P> 0.99, *** P> 0.999).

Example 1. Milk productivity of cows and quality indicators of milk.

The scheme of the experiment conducted on lactating cows of Ayrshire breed is presented in Table 3

The ration for dairy cows included 3.2 kg alfalfa hay, 20 kg cereal and bean hay, 18 kg corn silage, 4 kg feed, as well as an amido-mineral supplement in an amount of 200 g / head per day. In the diets of the cows of the experimental group, the amide-mineral supplement was replaced with the declared feed additive based on mineral raw materials in the amount of 250 g / goal per day in the experimental group.

The diet contained:

• EKE-16.9-17.0

• Metabolic energy - 169-170 MJ

• Dry matter - 17.0-17.2 kg

• Crude protein - 2360-2420 g

• Starch - 2255-2275 g

• Sugars - 1250-1280 g

• Calcium - 122-125 g

• Phosphorus - 68-70 g.

Analysis of the content of nutrients, macro and microelements allowed us to conclude that the cows of both groups received them in the required amount, according to the norms.

In the course of the experiment, milk production was recorded on the basis of control milkings and analysis of milk samples taken. The data are presented in Table 4.

According to the data on average daily milk yield, the cows of the experimental group were superior. The difference in their favor compared to control was 5.12%. A similar trend was observed in the quality indicators of milk. The leading position in the content of fat and protein in milk was taken by the experimental group, 4.25% and 3.24%, respectively, against 4.22% and 3.20% in the control.

The use of the studied feed additives contributed to an increase in the amount of dry matter and SOMO in milk - 12.87% and 8.62% in the experimental one, respectively, against 12.68% and 8.46% in the control. Also increased indicators for the content of calcium and phosphorus in milk.

Thus, the use of the claimed granular mineral supplements increased the milk productivity of experimental cows and improved the quality of milk.

Example 2. Digestibility of nutrients in diets and the balance of substances in animals.

The cows of the experimental group were distinguished by the best digestion of nutrients. The digestibility rate of dry matter in the control group was 67.26%, and in the experimental group 68.83%, which is 1.57% higher compared to the control. Organic matter was better digested by cows, receiving the studied supplement by 1.43%. The superiority of the experimental group for the digestion of crude protein was 1.17%, crude fiber - 1.59%, crude fat - 1.11%, BEV - 1.18%.

For a more complete study of the action of any additives, in addition to the digestibility experiment, balance experiments are conducted to determine the digestibility of nutrients. For this, the balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus were studied. Due to the use of the studied additive, the nitrogen consumption in the groups was different (Table 16).

The tabular data shows that the cows of both groups consumed an unequal amount of nitrogen. So, in the experimental group, cows consumed 2.61% more nitrogen than their peers from the control. Since the milk yield of the cows in the experimental group was higher than in the control group, their nitrogen and milk excretion was higher. So, in the experimental group, this indicator was higher than 6.42% compared with the control group.

It should be noted that during the physiological experiment, all experimental cows had a positive nitrogen balance: in the control group it was 8.12 g, and in the experimental group - 13.98 g (which is 5.86% more than the control).

The use of granular mineral supplements in the diets of cows contributed to an increase in the protein nutritional value of the feed. To synthesize milk proteins, experimental cows used more milk for milk. So, the peers of control yielded 0.87% of the accepted group to the analogues of the experimental group, and 0.68% of the digested group.

Therefore, the use of the studied feed additive in the feeding of lactating cows had a positive effect on the metabolism of nitrogen in their body and contributed to an increase in its utilization rate.

In the vital activity of animals, their productive and reproductive health, minerals play an extremely important role. Of all the mineral compounds of the animal’s body, up to 75% are macronutrients such as calcium and phosphorus. That is why data on the use of calcium and phosphorus are the main indicators characterizing the metabolism in the body and the availability of minerals.

To identify the effect of feeding the studied feed additive on calcium metabolism in the body, its balance was studied in experimental lactating cows (Table 7).

Calcium consumption in both groups was different: in the control group - 122.19 g, in the experimental group - 124.68 g, which is 2.49 g more than in the control group. The cows of the control group isolated 22.48 g of calcium with milk, which was 6.76% less than in the experimental one.

As well as the nitrogen balance, the calcium balance in the experimental group was positive, however, the difference between the experimental group and the control was up 2.83 g.

Due to the different amounts taken with feed and excreted calcium, as well as the amount deposited in the body, its use from that taken was 33.46% in the control group and 34.95% in the experimental group. At the same time, this macrocell was used for milk from the accepted 18.40% in the control group, 19.40% in the experimental group.

Thus, all the cows were provided with calcium, only the cows of the experimental group used it better, unlike the analogues of the control group.

Along with nitrogen and calcium, in a balance experiment, phosphorus exchange in the body of dairy cows of the control and experimental groups was considered. It should be noted that a similar pattern was observed in the use of phosphorus by cows of the experimental group (Table 8).

The level of phosphorus consumption was in the range of 68.04-70.22 g. Moreover, the animals of the experimental group consumed more phosphorus, the difference with the analogues of the control group was 2.18 g (3.20% higher).

The animals of the control group allocated 16.91 g of phosphorus with milk, which is 8.34% less than the same indicator in the experimental group. The phosphorus balance in both groups was also positive. In the control group, it amounted to 1.57 g, which was less than in the experimental group by 0.75 g. Moreover, more phosphorus was used for the synthesis of milk in the experimental group compared to the control: 1.24% from the accepted one, and from overcooked - 2.23% compared with the control.

It can be noted that the introduction of the studied feed additive into the diet contributed to an increase in the use of calcium and phosphorus in the body of experimental animals.

Example 3. Clinical and physiological parameters of experimental cows.

The indicators of the clinical and physiological state of animals can be influenced by factors such as the level of feeding, the structure of the diet, and the feeding used. In the course of scientific and economic experience, it was found that body temperature, pulse rate per minute, respiratory rate per minute, scar movement of 2 minutes in experimental animals were within normal limits (Table 9).

When studying the clinical and physiological parameters, there were no significant changes; all of them corresponded to the norm of healthy animals.

Example 4. Hematological parameters of experimental animals.

Interest in biochemical and hematological studies was determined by the role that blood plays in all physiological functions of the animal organism. The more metabolism in the body is changed, the stronger and deeper the changes in blood will be. Since even insignificant changes in the activity of organs and body systems invariably entail certain changes in the blood, morphological and biochemical blood parameters of highly productive cows were observed when feeding in the diet of granular mineral complexes.

Biochemical parameters in adult cows depend on lactational activity, the state of reproductive organs, feeding, and an epizootological factor.

Considering the data obtained (Tables 10 and 11), one can note a fairly favorable picture of the biochemical composition of the blood of cows. The content of the studied parameters in the blood corresponds to physiological norms.

The content of red blood cells and hemoglobin was higher in cows, in the diet of which was introduced a feed supplement.

The number of formed elements in the blood of the control group was: erythrocytes 6.85 * 10 ¹² / l, in the experimental group 8.9% higher; differences in the content of leukocytes in the blood of experimental cows in the control group - 6.05 × 10 ⁹ / l, in the experimental group higher by 2.64%. In the experimental group, the hemoglobin content exceeded the control by 4.65%. A higher content of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood of lactating cows of the experimental group indicates a more intense metabolism in their body.

The full value of the protein nutrition of animals is assessed by the content of total protein and albumin in the blood serum.

In both groups, the normal protein content was observed, which indicates a balanced diet in the studied groups of cows. The level of total protein in the blood serum of cows ranges 72.50-76.50 g / l (normal 72.0-86.0 g / l). Comparing the content of total protein in the blood serum of animals in groups, it can be seen that in the experimental group the indicator is higher than in the control group 4.00 g / l (5.5%). The serum albumin content in all animals was 38.47-40.57 g / l (normal 26.0-43.0 g / l). The content of albumin in animals of the experimental group increased by 5.46% compared with the control.

Blood urea very accurately reflects the concentration of ammonia in the rumen, the level and quality of the diet protein. The urea concentration in the blood of cows of the control group was at the level of 7.39 mmol / l, and in the blood of cows of the experimental group this indicator was higher, in 1 experimental cows by 0.25 mmol / l (3.38%). The animals of the experimental group exceeded their analogues from the control by 4.39% in glucose content. To assess the balance of the mineral nutrition of cows, the content of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood serum is determined. There are fluctuations in the serum calcium content from 2.25-2.411 mmol / L (norm 2.2-3.1 mmol / L). Phosphorus levels range from 1.43-1.73 mmol / L (normal 1.4-2.10 mmol / L).

Thus, feeding the declared feed additive to the cows did not adversely affect their state of health and contributed to the optimization of metabolism in their body.

Example 5. The economic efficiency of the use of granular mineral complexes based on mineral raw materials in feeding cows

The results of scientific and economic experience showed that feeding dairy cows as a part of diets of feed additives based on mineral raw materials contributed to increasing the efficiency of milk production.

The economic efficiency of milk production is characterized by a system of indicators, but one of the most important is the cost of the livestock product. Reducing the cost of gross production leads to a reduction in the cost of 1 centner of milk, thereby increasing the level of profitability.

The economic effect of using granular mineral complexes based on mineral raw materials is presented in Table 12.

The number of additional products per head in the experimental group reached 151.96 kg, which, with a milk selling price of 22 rubles. kg in monetary terms amounted to 3343.02 rubles.

Thus, the use of a feed additive in diets for dairy cows makes it possible to increase the level and quality of the products obtained, the conversion of feed protein and fat to edible protein and milk fat, and also to improve the economic indicators of milk production.

Thus, a complex mineral balancing feed additive has been developed, which, due to a certain ratio of additive components, is effective for increasing the milk production of animals, improving the quality of milk and improving the absorption of minerals in animals, which in turn affects the optimization of metabolism in lactating cows. Also, the invention allows to obtain economic efficiency, including reducing the cost of milk.

Therefore, the proposed invention is effective and convenient and can be obtained on an industrial scale and is widely used in feed production (animal husbandry).

Claims (5)

1. Mineral balancing feed additive for lactating cows, which is a mixture of urea, monoammonium phosphate, chalk, brucite, in the following ratio, wt. %: Urea 29.4 Monoammonium phosphate 29.4 a piece of chalk 29.4 Brucite 11.8 2. A method of obtaining a mineral balancing feed additive according to claim 1 in the form of granules, which consists in crushing the components of the feed additive, mixing the crushed components of the feed additive, granulating the resulting mixture and drying the obtained granules. 3. The production method according to claim 2, further comprising the step of classifying the granules through a vibrating screen with a hole diameter of 2 mm to 6 mm and subsequent packaging of the granules in a package. 4. A method of improving the absorption of minerals in lactating cows by introducing a mineral balancing feed additive according to claim 1, obtained by the method according to claim 2, in an animal diet in an amount of 250 g / head. per day.