RU2341973C2 - Method of increase of efficiency of bull-calves of dairy period breeding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes introduction of mineral top dressing from aluminum silicate and organic acid in a diet. As organic acid, use amber acid in a dose of live weight of 20-30 mg/kg. In addition apply ascorbic acid in a dose of live weight of 5-6 mg/kg. As aluminum silicate, use celadon green of the Karijsky deposit of the Chelyabinsk area with the following chemical compound: silicon oxide - 70.6 %, aluminium oxide - 4.6%, ferric oxide - 12.8%, magnesium oxide - 2.2%, manganese oxide - 0.02%, potassium oxide - 3.9 %, phosphorus oxide - 0.04% and the content of minor elements (mg/kg): copper - 5.9, zinc - 37, cobalt - 17.3, manganese - 21, lead - 10,2, nickel - 15.5, cadmium - 0.98, mercury - 0.04, arsenic - 3.8, which are applied in the form of glauconitic concentrate (fraction of 0.01-0.1 mm) in a dose of live weight of 145-155 mg/kg which in the beginning is entered into a diet in 100 ml of a 0.5% water solution of an agar with milk, in the aftermilk period - with mixed fodder, 1 time a day during the growing period.

EFFECT: increase of meat efficiency of bull-calves at intensive technology of breeding in the conditions of industrial complexes.

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Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to cattle breeding, and can be used to increase the meat productivity of gobies with intensive growing technology in industrial complexes.

To increase the intensity of growth and development of the animal organism, increase meat productivity, the use of biologically active additives is recommended. Currently, a large number of mineral and vitamin preparations are known that can affect the metabolic processes occurring in the body, increasing the intensity of growth and development, the productivity of animals.

A known method of increasing the meat productivity of calves of the milk growing period, including the use of protein-vitamin-mineral supplements (BVMD) of domestic and foreign production. The use of BVMD “Provimi” makes it possible to increase the live weight gain of bull-calves by 11.69 kg during the milk period, and the BMVD produced by KHP “Sitno” - by 9.05 kg in comparison with the control. [one]

However, the disadvantage of this method is the high cost of BVMD, especially imported, therefore, BVMD with their good productive effect on the body of dairy calves is not widely used in agricultural enterprises.

There is a method of increasing the meat productivity of gobies by normalizing metabolism in animals and increasing the intensity of growth of body weight when using the drug "Microvitam" (GUL "Immuno-preparation", Ufa) at a dose of 0.05 ml / kg live weight with an interval 10 days, every ten days. This method allows you to increase the average daily increase to 16.0%, reduce feed consumption by 14.4% and increase the profitability of growing bulls in the dairy period by 16.2-39.5%. [2]

The main disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of administering the drug, as well as insufficient knowledge of the effect of the drug on the physico-chemical properties and biological usefulness of meat.

A known method of increasing the meat productivity of gobies, including the introduction into the diet of zeolite at a dose of 0.3 g / kg body weight and biotrin - 0.7 g / kg. The use of zeolite and biotrin increases the average daily gain in live weight by 10.8-16.7% during the growing period, and causes a higher relative growth rate of 35.8-36.6%. Feeding zeolite and biotrin increases the fattening and meat qualities of gobies, while increasing the slaughter yield by 1.26-1.9%. [3]

However, the use of biotrin as a protein source is constrained by the fact that this product of microbiological synthesis is not well understood, in particular its effect on digestion processes, the physiological and biochemical status of animals, as well as on the usefulness of beef and its biological safety. Therefore, the use of biotrin requires further study in terms of determining the long-term consequences of its use.

A known method of increasing the meat productivity of gobies, including giving the animals a feed additive - aluminosilicate mineral glauconite in an amount of 0.15 g / kg of live weight. The use of glauconite can increase the average daily weight gain by 23%. [4, 5]

The disadvantage of this method is that its use only increases the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in the diet and affects mineral metabolism.

The closest technical solution - the prototype is a way to increase the meat productivity of gobies, including the use in their diet of glauconite (0.15 mg / kg body weight) and lactic acid (75 mg / kg). When using this complex of additives, the average daily increase in comparison with the control increases by 17.2%. At the same time, in gobies, the slaughter yield increases by 3.8%, and feed payment in value terms increases by 8.9–9.1%. [6]

The disadvantage of this method of increasing meat productivity is the use of liquid lactic acid, which greatly complicates the technology of distribution of feed, as it is significantly moistened.

The aim of the invention is to increase the meat productivity of gobies of the milk period of cultivation by using glauconite, succinic and ascorbic acids.

This goal is achieved by introducing aluminosilicate - glauconite of the Karinsky deposit into the diet in calves at a dose of 145-155 mg / kg live weight, which is used in the form of a glauconite concentrate (fraction 0.01-0.1 mm) in 100 ml of a 0.5% aqueous agar solution , with milk, after the end of milk feeding - with mixed feed 1 time per day. Succinic acid is used in calves at a dose of 20-30 mg / kg live weight, ascorbic acid - at a dose of 5-6 mg / kg live weight.

Significant differences of the proposed method from the prototype are the use of additional succinic acid and ascorbic acid.

The novelty of the proposed method lies in the fact that in the available scientific and technical literature and patent information methods are not described, including the complex use of glauconite, succinic and ascorbic acids.

The proposed method is applicable to conventional commodity farms and industrial complexes for growing and fattening gobies, is simple to implement, technologically advanced, and has high economic efficiency due to the use of cheap natural aluminosilicate of glauconite from the Karinsky deposit, succinic and ascorbic acids (in powder), and not expensive preparations.

Glauconite is a natural aluminosilicate mined at the Karinsky deposit in the Chelyabinsk region. The glauconite of the Karinsky deposit has the following chemical composition: silicon oxides - 70.6%, aluminum oxides - 4.6%, iron oxides - 12.8%, magnesium oxides - 2.2%, potassium oxides - 3.9%, phosphorus oxides - 0.04%. The content of trace elements (mg / kg) is as follows: copper - 5.9; zinc - 37; cobalt - 17.3; Manganese - 21; lead - 10.2; nickel - 15.5; cadmium - 0.98; mercury - 0.04; arsenic - 3.8. Glauconite does not have a toxic effect and according to the classification of chemicals (according to Medved, 1964), in terms of danger and in accordance with GOST 12.1.007.76, it belongs to class IV. The content of heavy metals is below the maximum permissible concentrations for this raw material. Due to the peculiarities of the crystal structure (the presence of micropores, the high mobility of molecules and exchange cations), glauconite has unique adsorption, ion exchange, molecular and ion-ionic properties.

Ascorbic acid plays an important role in the life of the body, is a strong antioxidant, prevents the oxidation of fatty acids and the accumulation of toxic peroxides in the body, thereby normalizing metabolism; promotes mineral and protein metabolism. Ascorbic acid has very pronounced reducing properties, is involved in the correction of immunity, since it has interferon-stimulating activity, stimulates the mononuclear phagocyte system, and activates phagocytosis.

Succinic acid is a natural metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mitochondria. It provides energy exchange at the cellular level and is considered the main energy carrier of all living things. It is a powerful tool to increase the resistance of the animal organism to a wide range of adverse effects, that is, it is an anti-stress substance. Unlike many stimulant drugs, succinic acid does not cause a doping effect. In addition to energy metabolism, succinic acid has pronounced chelating properties, and also helps to create the optimal response of the environment in the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring normal digestion processes.

Execution example. To study the effect of glauconite and organic acids (lactic and succinic) and ascorbic acid on the productivity of gobies in the milk-growing period, an experiment was conducted on animals aged 20-30 days. To conduct the experiment using the method of balanced groups, 4 groups of calves were formed, 20 animals each, taking into account the breed, live weight and age. The experiment lasted for 150 days, the scheme of the experiment is presented in table 1.

Table 1

Group Goals The duration of the experiment, days Feeding Features 1 control twenty 150 The main diet (OR) - milk replacer, haylage, feed, hay 2 experienced twenty 150 RR + glauconite 150 mg / kg body weight 3 experienced twenty 150 RR + glauconite 150 mg / kg body weight + lactic acid 75 mg / kg 4 experienced twenty 150 RR + glauconite 150 mg / kg body weight + succinic acid 25 mg / kg + ascorbic acid 5 mg / kg

During the experiment, the bulls were kept in a typical room - a calf of the 1st growing period, loose, in cages of 20 animals each.

During the experiment, the feeding of animals of all experimental groups was carried out in accordance with the feeding scheme adopted at the complex. This scheme provides for the animals to give 117 kg of milk replacer, 810 kg of hay and 540 kg of feed per 1 head. The complex adopted the same year-round feeding of animals.

The main diet in all experimental gobies was the same, the same diet was in animals of the first (control) group.

Animals of the second group additionally received the mineral supplement glauconite of the Karinsky deposit at a dose of 150 mg / kg body weight.

Animals of the third group received the main diet, in addition to it, glauconite at a dose of 150 mg / kg live weight and lactic acid at a dose of 75 mg / kg.

The animals of the fourth group received the main diet, in addition glauconite at a dose of 150 mg / kg live weight, succinic acid at a dose of 25 mg / kg and ascorbic acid at a dose of 5 mg / kg.

The use of various feed additives and biologically active substances in the diet of gobies had an impact on the change in live weight of animals (table 2).

table 2
Change in live weight of gobies during the experiment Indicator Groups first second the third the fourth The mass of the body 1 head when putting on the experience, kg 51.2 ± 1.14 50.8 ± 0.94 50.4 ± 0.94 51.6 ± 1.21 Gross weight during production, kg 1024 1016 1008 1032 Body weight of 1 head at the end of the experiment, kg 173.2 ± 1.78 189.8 ± 1.68 * 193.7 ± 1.56 * 197.7 ± 2.04 * Gross weight at the end of the experiment, kg 3464 3796 3874 3954 Gross gain, kg 2440 2780 2866 2922 The average daily gain, g 717.0 ± 11.0 817.0 ± 10 * 842.0 ± 9.0 * 859.0 ± 12.0 * % to control - 107,2 117.4 119.8 note * - p <0.05

The introduction of glauconite and organic acids into the diet of calves increased the calf productivity in the experiment. If at the beginning of the experiment there were no significant differences in live weight in gobies of the experimental groups, at the end of the experiment the average weight of animals in the groups had significant differences (at p <0.05). The introduction of glauconite supplements increased the final live weight in calves of the second experimental group by 9.5% relative to the control. The additional introduction of lactic acid and glauconite into the diet of calves of the third group increased body weight at the end of the experiment by 11.8%, and succinic and ascorbic acids and glauconite - by 14.1% compared with the control. This is explained by a reliable (at p <0.05) increase in the average daily increase in relation to the control during the experiment: in the second group - by 7.2, in the third group - by 17.4%, in the fourth group - by 19.8% .

To study the effect of glauconite and organic acids on the state of protein, carbohydrate, fat and mineral metabolism in gobies, blood was taken for hematological and biochemical analysis. The results of hematological blood tests are presented in table 3.

Table 3
The results of a hematological examination of the blood of gobies (x ± m _x , n = 20) Indicator Norm Groups first second the third the fourth Hemoglobin, g / l 99-129 110.0 ± 2.9 111.0 ± 2.5 109.0 ± 3.0 107.0 ± 2.1 107.5 ± 2.7 110.0 ± 2.8 115.0 ± 2.4 117.5 ± 2.7 Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / L 5.0-7.5 5.4 ± 0.52 5.2 ± 0.56 6.1 ± 0.62 5.5 ± 0.52 6.56 ± 0.71 7.88 ± 0.9 7.94 ± 0.43 8.28 ± 0.58 White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / L 4,5-12,0 6.6 ± 0.31 6.0 ± 0.29 6.1 ± 0.3 6.53 ± 0.29 6.73 ± 0.24 8.87 ± 0.20 8.73 ± 0.27 9.07 ± 0.26 * Note - in the numerator, the value of the indicator at the beginning of the experiment, in the denominator is the value at the end of the experiment.

According to table 3, it is evident that in calves, against the background of the use of glauconite and organic acids, there are not enough pronounced changes in the amount of hemoglobin, all indicators are within the physiological norm, both in the control and in the experimental groups. In animals of the experimental groups there is a tendency to increase the number of red blood cells. Analysis of white blood counts showed a tendency to increase the number of leukocytes.

The results of biochemical blood tests of gobies of the control and experimental groups are presented in table 4.

Table 4
Results of biochemical blood tests of gobies (х ± m _х , n = 20) Indicator Norm Groups first second the third the fourth Total protein, g / l 7.2-8.6 8.13 ± 0.19 7.5 ± 0.2 7.48 ± 0.17 7.97 ± 0.21 6.55 ± 0.14 8.20 ± 0.18 8.35 ± 0.16 8.42 ± 0.17 Protein fractions albumin 30-50 30.55 ± 2.5 35.33 ± 2.39 33.43 ± 2.51 32.5 ± 2.47 37.5 ± 2.41 41.9 ± 2.74 43.33 ± 2.79 47.43 ± 2.83 α-globulins 12-20 13.7 ± 3.34 15.01 ± 3.12 13.33 ± 3.27 12.5 ± 3.31 12.42 ± 3.41 15.0 ± 3.46 16.33 ± 3.47 16.86 ± 3.50 β-globulins 10-16 13.83 ± 2.13 13.33 ± 2.24 13.67 ± 2.17 14.5 ± 2.2 12.0 ± 2.7 12.5 ± 2.68 13.67 ± 3.04 14.57 ± 2.28 gamma globulins 25-40 35.92 ± 0.40 28.33 ± 0.29 32.67 ± 0.31 28.75 ± 0.33 29.58 ± 0.23 27.5 ± 0.37 31.67 ± 0.3 34.14 ± 0.39 Glucose, 2.22-3.88 2.26 ± 0.12 2.26 ± 0.07 2.31 ± 0.10 2.24 ± 0.13 mmol / l 2.30 ± 0.10 2.32 ± 0.10 2.80 ± 0.90 2.86 ± 0.05 Total lipids, g / l 2.8-6.0 3.96 ± 0.40 2.96 ± 0.27 3.31 ± 0.36 3.54 ± 0.40 4.04 ± 0.37 4.26 ± 0.42 4.87 ± 0.25 4.73 ± 0.15 Calcium, mol / L 2.5-3.13 2.90 ± 0.04 2.18 ± 0.07 2.24 ± 0.06 2.6 ± 0.48 2,52 ± 0,05 2.67 ± 0.06 2.88 ± 0.79 3.09 ± 0.75 Phosphorus, mmol / L 1.45-1.94 1.54 ± 0.03 1.47 ± 0.02 1.58 ± 0.02 1.51 ± 0.03 1,60 ± 0,02 1,60 ± 0,02 1.68 ± 0.03 1.71 ± 0.02 * Note - in the numerator, the value of the indicator at the beginning of the experiment, in the denominator is the value at the end of the experiment.

The data in table 4 show that before the start of the experiment, the biochemical blood parameters of animals of all groups were within physiological norms and did not have significant differences. During the experiment, an increase in glucose occurred in the blood of animals of all experimental groups, but in contrast to the control group, where this indicator increased slightly - by 0.04 mmol / l, in the experimental groups there was a higher increase (by 0.06; 0, 49; and 0.62 mmol / L), which, apparently, is associated with increased metabolism. The study of indicators of protein metabolism indicates that in the control group there was a decrease in the total protein, and in the experimental groups there was an increase in the total protein. Albumin at the end of the experiment increased both in the control and in the experimental groups. The content of β-globulins by the end of the experiment in the control group decreased by 1.83%, the second group also showed a decrease in the content of β-globulins, in the third and fourth groups was unchanged. The content of γ-globulins in the first group decreased by 21.4 points, in the second and third groups of animals a decrease in γ-globulins by 3.0 and 3.2 points was noted. In the fourth group, by the end of the experiment, there was an increase in the content of γ-globulins by 18.7 points. A study of the content of total lipids showed that in all groups by the end of the experiment they had increased, but if in the control group the growth occurred by 1%, then in the experimental groups by 43.8, 47.2 and 33.6%. There was a slight increase in the content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood serum of experimental animals, which is associated with the mineral substances of the diet. Higher indicators of mineral metabolism in animals of the third and fourth groups are explained, apparently, by the chelating properties of organic acids.

Thus, glauconite and organic acids had a positive effect on indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism.

The results of the experiment showed that higher rates were when glauconite, succinic and ascorbic acids were used in the diet of gobies. The fourth group showed the best results in terms of daily average growth and gross live weight.

Information sources

1. Degtyarev V.N., Rashchektayev S.A. The effect of full-fledged feeding on the growth and meat productivity of calves of the dairy period of growing // Technological problems in the production of livestock and crop production: Mater. Int. scientific and practical conf. - Troitsk: UGAVM, 2004. - P. 42-45.

2. Asadullina F.F. and others. Microvitam - a new tool for the growth and resistance of calves // Rural patterns. - 1999. - No. 3. - P.19.

3. Malikova M., Salmanova J., Fenchenko N. High-protein feed additive // Livestock. - 2002. - No. 3. - P.14.

4. Kirsanova T.S. The influence of glauconite on the growth and development of gobies // Promising areas of scientific research of young scientists and specialists of the Urals and Siberia: Mater. VI scientific and practical. conf. - Troitsk: UGAVM, 2002. - P.79-80.

5. Kirsanova T.S. The influence of glauconite concentrate on calf growth // Technological problems of livestock production: Mater. interuniversity. scientific and practical conf. - Troitsk: UGAVM, 2001 .-- S.50-51.

6. Kornienko A.A. The meat productivity of gobies on the background of the use of feed additives / D.A. Konovalov, I.A. Lykasova, A.A. Kornienko // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. - 2003 No. 6 (18). - S.17-20.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity of calves of the milk growing period, including the introduction of mineral supplements from aluminosilicates and an organic acid into the diet, characterized in that succinic acid in a dose of 20-30 mg / kg live weight is used as an organic acid, ascorbic acid in a dose of 5- is additionally used 6 mg / kg live weight, and glauconite of the Karinsky deposit of the Chelyabinsk region with the following chemical composition is introduced as aluminosilicate: silicon oxides - 70.6%, aluminum oxides - 4.6%, iron oxides - 12.8%, oxides agnium - 2.2%, manganese oxides - 0.02%, potassium oxides - 3.9%, phosphorus oxides - 0.04% and trace elements (mg / kg): copper - 5.9, zinc - 37, cobalt - 17.3, manganese - 21, lead - 10.2, nickel - 15.5, cadmium - 0.98, mercury - 0.04, arsenic - 3.8, which is used in the form of a glauconite concentrate (fraction 0.01 -0.1 mm) in a dose of 145-155 mg / kg body weight, which is first introduced into the diet in 100 ml of a 0.5% aqueous solution of agar with milk, in the post-dairy period - with animal feed 1 time per day during the growing period.