RU2765498C1 - Feed additive in growing simmental heifers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural industry, in particular, to a method for increasing the productivity of Simmental heifers. The method is characterised by the fact that the "Biodarin" feed additive is introduced into the basic diet of the animals at a dosage of 7.0 g per 1 kg of concentrated feed, diluted in an electrochemically activated solution of catholyte stabilised by glycine with a redox potential E=-450...-500 mV and a hydrogen pH value of 9 to 9.5 in a ratio of 1:1.

EFFECT: use of the invention provides a possibility of normalising the metabolism and increasing the intensity of growth.

1 cl, 6 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to increase the intensity of growth of ruminants.

In recent years, in order to normalize and activate metabolic processes in the body of fattened young animals, probiotic feed additives have been used. In essence, they are a live microbial supplement to feed and have a stimulating effect on the body, normalize intestinal microbiocenoses and have antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Probiotic preparations can improve the processes of digestion, metabolism, productivity of ruminants, increase the economic results of production, and achieve environmental safety of products [1].

One of the relatively new domestic probiotic feed additives produced by the Research Institute "PVP" BashInkom "(Ufa) is" Biodarin ". The study of the new probiotic feed additive "Biodarin", including its effect on the physiological state, on milk productivity and the quality of milk and dairy products, is new and relevant, and has scientific and practical significance.

Known probiotic preparation "Vetosporin - active", consisting of living microorganisms of hay bacillus strains of Bacillus subtilis 11B [2, 3].

The essence of the use, which is to maintain the energy balance of highly productive cows in the most stressful periods [4, 5].

The use of energy supplements with a balanced and complete diet will help to avoid or reduce the possibility of diseases associated with metabolic and digestive disorders [6].

The development and use of feed additives, according to special recipes, taking into account the type, age, level and nature of animal productivity, almost to a minimum eliminates subjective factors that still exist in a number of cases and lead to negative consequences.

The study of issues on the use of natural additives from various deposits in animal feeding is devoted to the work of I.V. Mironova (2008, 2010) [7, 8].

Of particular importance in research is the choice of elements that contribute to the rational consumption of feed, increase animal productivity, and improve the quality of beef. Such properties are possessed by a natural feed additive - Vitartil (https://okpur-aqua.com/vitartil/).

The introduction of this mineral additive into the composition of diets ensures the sorption of poisons and xenobiotics that enter the animal's body with feed, harmful substances formed during the hydrolysis of feed, toxins of microorganisms. In addition, with the mineral supplement vitartil, animals receive a number of vital microelements, while a number of heavy metals are excreted from the body.

In this regard, a comprehensive study of the meat productivity of Bestuzhev bulls using Vitartil is relevant and is of certain scientific and practical interest.

The well-known feed additive Biodarin affects the hematological parameters of the heifers of the Kazakh white-headed breed. The greatest effect was obtained when the additive was introduced into the diet at a dosage of 1.0 kg per 100 kg of grain mixture [9].

When analyzing the diets of farm animals, a deficiency of nutrients and biologically active substances was revealed, which can be replenished through the use of various feed additives. At the same time, they may contain products of microbiological synthesis, salts of macro- and microelements, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, and many other substances necessary for normal growth and development [10]. Studies have established that feed additives can be used in the form of mixtures of feed products containing a high percentage of protein, vitamins and minerals (protein, protein-vitamin and protein-vitamin-mineral), as well as premixes - a complex of biologically active substances (vitamins, microelements, antibiotics, sulfa drugs, antioxidants, enzymes, etc.) with a filler.

Based on the research on the use of growth-stimulating feed additives, A.F. Shevkhuzhev, D.R. Smakuev (2009) found that their introduction into diets increases the profitability of the enterprise, while the condition of meat animals improves and growth increases [11].

Recently, many scientists have been looking for new sources to obtain effective feed additives.

In modern animal husbandry, to balance diets for missing macro- and microelements, it is worth using mineral supplements as fully as possible. Depending on the missing mineral elements, appropriate mineral supplements of natural and artificial origin are introduced into the diet of animals [12].

According to a number of authors, at present, the use of biologically active substances introduced into diets in the form of balancing additives in the breeding of farm animals is a very promising direction in modern animal husbandry. The use of various feed additives can increase the productivity of animals, reduce labor and feed costs per unit of output [13, 14].

The introduction of feed additives into the diet of animal feeding will balance them in terms of biologically active substances, vitamins, minerals, as well as increase the productivity of animals due to the activation of metabolic processes in the body. The use of probiotic feed additives in the cultivation of young cattle for meat contributes to the development of beneficial microflora in the gastrointestinal tract, which suppresses the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms coming from the external environment.

Biodarin - protein-vitamin-mineral probiotic feed additive, contains enzymatic nutrients: 35% crude protein, nutrients - readily available components of feed nutrients (oligopeptides, polysaccharides, essential fatty acids, vitamins: A, D ₃ , E, PP, C , Biotin, provitamins, amino acids, including essential, minor (physiologically active substances), trace elements (copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese, selenium, iron, potassium, cobalt, sulfur, iodine) and macronutrients (calcium, sodium, fluorine) .Contains probiotic strains of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecium, Laktobaccilus plantarum.

Biodarin stimulates the processes of digestion, metabolism, stimulates the functional reserves of the body, promotes the formation of stable immunity and ultimately increases the intensity of growth (Manufacturer: Research and Development Enterprise "BashInkom", Russia, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450015, Ufa, st. K. Marx, 37, building 1.

Materials and research methods.

The object of the study is Simmental heifers. The productive qualities of young cattle are formed through a complex interaction of genotypic and paratypic factors. At the same time, the most important paratypical factors or environmental factors that have a dominant influence on the degree of realization of the genetic potential of meat productivity are the conditions of keeping and feeding.

The conditions for keeping the heifers of the experimental groups throughout the entire growing period were identical. In winter, young animals were kept in a lightened room with feeding and watering in the walking and fodder yard, in summer - on a pasture with feeding with concentrates. In winter, the diet of heifers included dairy feed (milk + skim), hay, haylage, corn silage, concentrates, in summer - green mass of seeded grasses, corn, concentrates.

Heifers of the I (control) group received the main diet, consisting of feed of their own production. Young animals of the II (experimental) group were additionally fed with a complex feed additive Biodarin at a dosage of 7.0 g per 1 kg of concentrated feed of the diet, animals of the III (experimental) group - 7.0 g per 1 kg of concentrated feed previously diluted with stabilized alkaline electrochemically activated water (ECA ) (cathode fraction pH 9-9.5 and redox potential Eh=-450…-500 mV) at a ratio of 1:1 (Table 1).

The catholyte retains its properties for one day, so they were stabilized with glycine at a dosage of at least 0.01 wt. %, which guarantees the preservation of properties for 7-8 days (Patent for invention RU 2234945, published on August 27, 2004) [15].

The novelty of the proposed technological solution lies in the use of electroactivated water.

Research methods

The methodological basis of the study was the work of domestic scientists on the use of various feed additives in feeding cattle. The work uses a comprehensive and systematic approach to the study of issues and an objective analysis of the experimental material obtained.

When conducting scientific and economic experience and analyzing the material, both general scientific and special methods were used: theoretical and methodological analysis of literary sources on the research topic,

Research results.

The data obtained and their analysis indicate that the use of the complex feed additive Biodarin in the feeding of heifers of the II and III experimental groups, as well as the addition of electroactivated water, had a positive effect on the consumption of all types of dietary feed, except for limited milk feed and concentrates (Table 2).

At the same time, heifers of the II and III experimental groups exceeded their peers of the I (control) group in terms of hay consumption during the growing period by 24 kg (4.4%) and 41 kg (7.6%), haylage - by 32 kg (3.8% ) and 85 kg (6.8%), corn silage - by 31 kg (1.7%) and 87 kg (4.8%), green mass - by 41 kg (1.8%) and 68 kg (3 ,1%) with equal consumption of dairy and concentrated feed.

The unequal feed intake by heifers of different experimental groups led to intergroup differences in nutrient and energy intake. At the same time, heifers of I (control) group were inferior to analogues of II and III experimental groups in terms of dry matter consumption, respectively, by 12.94 kg (0.5%) and 41.79 kg (1.6%), feed units - by 19.9 kg (0.8%) and 46.4 kg (2.0%), ECE - by 14.9 (0.6%) and 30.8 (1.2%), metabolic energy - by 148.8 MJ and 308.0 MJ, digestible protein - by 2.97 kg (1.2%) and 6.63 kg (2.8%), crude protein - by 6.59 kg 91.7%) and 9.31 kg (2.4%). In this case, 1 feed. units contained 101.2-101.8 g of digestible protein, and the concentration of metabolic energy in 1 kg of dry matter was in the range of 9.90-9.96 MJ.

Characteristically, the leading position in the consumption of all types of feed, nutrients and energy was occupied by heifers of the third experimental group, in whose diet the tested additive was introduced at a dosage of 7.0 g per 1 kg of concentrated feed together with electrochemically activated catholyte. It is enough to note that the heifers of group II were inferior to their peers of group III in terms of hay consumption for the entire growing period by 17 kg (3.0%), haylage - by 26 kg (2.9%), corn silage by 56 kg (3.1% ), green mass - by 27 kg (1.2%), dry matter - by 28.85 kg (1.1%), lump units - by 26.5 kg (1.1%), EKE - 15.9 % (0.6%), metabolic energy - by 159.2 MJ, digestible protein - by 3.66 kg (1.5%), crude protein - by 2.72 kg (0.7%). At the same time, concentrated feed occupied 29.64-30.22% in the structure of the diet for feeding heifers.

In general, when growing heifers of all experimental groups, a balanced, full-fledged feeding was organized, contributing to their intensive growth and development at all stages of the postnatal period of ontogenesis.

One of the main stages of metabolism in experimental animals should include the process of digestion and assimilation of nutrients in the diet. It is these processes that are the main indicator of the correct, high-quality feeding of animals. Usually, the digestibility of nutrients in the body of animals is understood as the difference between the amount of nutrients taken with feed and excreted with feces. The digested nutrients are assimilated by the body and further used for the implementation of synthetic and biological processes occurring in it. Nutrients that have entered the body must first be hydrolyzed to simpler compounds, then to go into solution, and only after that they can be absorbed into the blood through the walls of the digestive tract.

It should be noted that different feeds and test rations, usually with any chemical composition, have unequal digestibility of nutrients and different degrees of their assimilation, which ultimately determines their productive value. In connection with the foregoing, we studied the consumption and digestibility of nutrients in the diets of experimental heifers with the introduction of the probiotic feed additive "Biodarin" into their composition in the dosages developed by us with the addition of electroactivated water. It is known that animals better digest and assimilate the nutrients of diets used for quite a long time, since in this case a certain type of feeding is formed, to which the cicatricial microflora adapts better.

Based on the balance experience, the actual consumption of the main nutrients of the diets by experimental animals was established (Table 3).

The data obtained indicate that a higher intake of nutrients was observed in animals that received the probiotic supplement Biodarin in the diet with the addition of electroactivated water. Thus, heifers of groups II and III consumed more dry matter by 154.6 and 290.6 g (2.15 and 4.05%), organic matter - by 142.6 and 267.5 g (2.14 and 4.05%). 03%), crude protein - by 20.7 and 38.0 g (2.08 and 3.82%), crude fat - by 5.90 and 11.00 g (2.36 and 4.41%), crude fiber - by 47.2 and 86.8 g (2.79 and 5.14%) and nitrogen-free extractives - by 68.8 and 131.9 g (1.85 and 3.56%) than their peers I group. At the same time, the leading position in the consumption of all types of nutrients was occupied by heifers of the III experimental group, in the diet of which Biodarin was introduced at a dosage of 7.0 g per 1 kg of concentrates with the addition of electroactivated water.

As a result of a certain relationship between the intake and release of nutrients, heifers that received the probiotic Biodarin with the addition of electroactivated water as a feed additive in the diet were distinguished by higher digestibility rates (Table 4).

Thus, animals of groups II and III digested dry matter more by 191.7 and 301.5 g (4.09 and 6.44%), organic matter - by 166.5 and 278.3 g (3.72 and 6.22% ), crude protein - by 22.3 and 29.9 g (3.36 and 4.51%), crude fat - by 6.6 and 11.2 g (3.76 and 6.38%), crude fiber - by 31.1 and 57.1 g (3.34 and 6.14%) and nitrogen-free extractives - by 99.5 and 180.2 g (3.68 and 6.67%) in comparison with their analogues I groups.

Intergroup differences were also established in terms of the coefficient of digestibility of dietary nutrients (Table 5).

Characteristically, the coefficients of digestibility of all nutrients were higher in animals of groups II and III. Thus, heifers of groups II and III surpassed their peers of group I in terms of the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter by 1.19-1.5%, organic matter - by 1.05-1.42%, crude protein - by 0.84-0, 45%, crude fat - by 0.94-1.34%, crude fiber - by 0.3-0.53% and nitrogen-free extractives - by 1.52-2.19% (P<0.05).

It should be noted that the heifers of the III experimental group, which received the probiotic feed additive Biodarin at a dosage of 7.0 g per 1 kg of concentrated feed with the addition of electroactivated water, had higher rates of digestibility of nutrients.

The difference between the young animals of groups II and III in terms of the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter is 0.31%, crude protein - 0.39%, crude fat - 0.4%, crude fiber was - 0.23% and nitrogen-free extractive substances - 0.67 %.

The materials obtained by us and their analysis indicate a positive effect of the Biodarin feed additive on the live weight of the animal (Table 6).

So, if when setting up the experiment at the age of 3 months, there were no intergroup differences in live weight, then at the end of the milk period of 6 months. heifers of the I (control) group were inferior to their peers of the II and III experimental groups in terms of body weight by 1.5 kg (0.8%) and 2.8 (1.6%, P<0.05), respectively.

It is characteristic that the distribution rank of the young animals of the experimental groups in terms of live weight, established at the age of 6 months, was also observed in later age periods with a greater difference in favor of the heifers of the experimental groups. Suffice it to note that the heifers of the II and III experimental groups exceeded their peers of the I (control) group in terms of live weight at one year of age, respectively, by 3.3 kg (1.1%, P<0.05) and 6.2 kg (20%, Р<0.05), at 15 months. - by 4.6 kg (1.3%, P<0.05) and 8.8 kg (2.4%, P<0.05), at 18 months. - by 6.1 kg (1.4, P<0.05) and 11.3 kg (2.7%, P<0.05).

It was found that the greatest effect was observed when using the Biodarin feed additive at a dosage of 7.0 g per 1 kg of feed, with the addition of electroactivated water. As a result, the heifers of the III experimental group surpassed their peers of the II experimental group in terms of live weight in all age periods. At 6 months of age, this superiority was 1.3 kg (0.7%, P>0.05), at 12 months. - 2.9 kg (0.9%, P<0.05), at 15 months. - 4.2 kg (1.1%, P<0.05), at 18 months. - 5.2 kg (1.2%, P<0.05).

Thus, the additional introduction of electroactivated cathode water into the feed additive contributes to the preservation of its individual components when passing through the rumen of ruminants, creates a more favorable environment for the development of microorganisms that play an important role in the microbiological processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, which, ultimately As a result, it has a positive effect on digestion, use of feed rations and animal productivity.

Sources of information

1. Nikulin V.N. Action of microorganisms on nitrogen balance and mineral metabolism in the body of young cattle / V.N. Nikulin, V.V. Gerasimenko, R.Z. Mustafin // Izvestiya OGAU. - 2014. - No. 1. - S. 164-166.

2. Mironova I.V. Influence of glauconite on the ethological reactivity of young animals of the Bestuzhev breed / I.V. Mironova // Bulletin of the Bashkir State Agrarian University. - 2013. - No. 1 (25). - S. 58-60.

3. Semerikova A.I. Influence of the probiotic supplement Vetosporin Suspension on the development of Simmental gobies / A.I. Semerikova, I.V. Mironova// Integration of science and practice as a mechanism for the effective development of the agro-industrial complex. materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference within the framework of the XXIII International Specialized Exhibition "AgroComplex-2013". - 2013. - S. 78-80.

4. Abilov B.T. The use of probiotic additives in the diets of replacement heifers of the Kazakh white-headed breed during their technological rearing to breeding age / B.T. Abilov, A.I. Zarytovsky, I.A. Bolotov, V.V. Khabibulin // Bulletin of meat cattle breeding. - 2014. - No. 4 (87). - S. 85-89.

5. Gagarina O.Yu. Review of energy feed additives for cows during milking / O.Yu. Gagarin, SV. Moshkina // Innovations in agriculture. - 2015. - No. 3 (13). - S. 258-261.

6. Subbotina N.A. Influence of energy additives on milk productivity and quality of cow milk / N.A. Subbotina // Safety and quality of agricultural raw materials and food products. Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference. - 2017. - S. 246-250.

7. Mironova I.V. Peculiarities of growth and development of Bestuzhev breed bulls when feeding glauconite / I.V. Mironova // Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. - 2008. - No. 1 (17). - S. 71-73132.

8. Mironova I.V. Influence of glauconite on the productive qualities of castrates of the Bestuzhev breed / I.V. Mironova, I.N. Islamgulova // Bulletin of meat cattle breeding. - 2010. - V. 2. No. 63. - S. 126-132.

9. Mironova I.V. Efficiency of using the probiotic biodarin in feeding heifers / I.V. Mironova, G.M. Dolzhenkova, N.V. Gizatova, V.I. Kosilov // Proceedings of the Orenburg State Agrarian University. - 2016. - No. 3 (59). - S. 207-210.

10. Sivko A.N. Digestibility of nutrients in diets when biologically active substances are introduced into the diet of bulls / A.N. Sivko, I.S. Bushueva, V.N. Struk, M.O. Zhestkova // "Improvement of food production technologies in the light of the state program for the development of agriculture for 2008-2012" Materials of the International scientific-practical conference. VNITI MMS and PZh of the Russian Agricultural Academy. - Volgograd: Volgograd State Agricultural Academy, 2008. - S. 448-450.

11. Shevkhuzhev A.F. Milk productivity and milk quality of Simmental cattle when fed with Biotal Platinum / A.F. Shevkhuzhev, D.R. Smakuev // Zootechnics. - 2009. - No. 12. - S. 16-19.

12. Gorlov I.F. Influence of mineral feed additives on the meat productivity of bulls / I.F. Gorlov, M.E. Spivak, D.A. Randelin, O.A. Sutorma // Innovations in the Formation of Competitive Agricultural Production. - Orenburg: All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding, 2011. - S. 37-39.

13. Levakhin V.I., Shvindt V.I., Timofeev D.N., Lasygina Yu.A., Popov V.V. The use of lactobifadol in the cultivation of young cattle // Moscow, 2005.

14. Sheveleva O.M. Milk productivity and exterior features of black-motley cattle and its crossbreeds with Holsteins in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals / O.M. Sheveleva // Vestnik KrasGAU. - 2006. - No. 10. - S. 178-182.

15. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2234945 dated August 27, 2004 Stabilizer of an aqueous solution and water-containing raw materials with spontaneously changing redox properties / V.M. Dvornikov and others.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the productivity of Simmental heifers, characterized in that the feed additive "Biodarin" is introduced into the main diet of animals at a dosage of 7.0 g per 1 kg of concentrated feed, which is diluted in an electrochemically activated catholyte solution stabilized with glycine with a redox potential E = - 450 ... -500 mV and pH 9-9.5 in a ratio of 1:1.