RU2716969C1 - Method for increase of meat productivity of beef breed bull-calves in yakutia conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention represents a method for increase of meat productivity of bull-calves under conditions of Yakutia envisaging introduction of a zeolite-sapropel additive into the main ration. Complex mineral additive consists of 130 g of zeolite of the Khongurinsky deposit of the Suntarsky ulus and 300 g of sapropel per one head of the fattened bull during the feeding period two times a day.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase meat productivity of young cattle in conditions of Yakutia.

1 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to livestock and can be used in beef cattle breeding.

World experience has shown the promise of specialized beef cattle breeding. The development of the industry should be achieved by increasing the productivity of animals, as well as the quality of the beef obtained (Kolesnyak, A.A. Development of specialized beef cattle breeding as a factor in improving food security in Russia / A.A. Kolesnyak // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. 2011. No. 10 . - S. 18-20.) [1].

In order to increase the meat productivity of farm animals, it is recommended to balance the main feed rations with biologically active substances of mineral origin. To date, many fodder preparations of various target areas have been developed that effectively affect the metabolic processes of the body, which can intensify beef production (Kerdyashov, N.N. Feeding young animals using complex feed additives: monograph / NN Kerdyashov, A.I. Daryin. - Penza: RIO PSAA, 2015. - 166 p.) [2].

At the same time, the application of this or that technology should be based on knowledge of the natural and climatic conditions at the production location. The biological inferiority of feed and the quality of harvested products, as well as the absence and lack of certain minerals in the feed are due to the harsh sharply continental climate of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), this factor is the main deterrent to effective beef production. Therefore, the search for ways to increase the meat productivity of cattle in Yakutia is an urgent task for the dynamic development of the agro-industrial complex of the republic (Pankratov, V.V. Perspectives and opportunities for improving specialized cattle breeding in Yakutia / V.V. Pankratov, N.M. Chernogradskaya, M. F. Grigoryev // Prospects for the socio-economic development of the village of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): a collection of articles based on materials from the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy, Agrotechnological Faculty. 2015. - S. 188-192.) [3].

A known method of harvesting green fodder (US Pat. 1835996 USSR, author Rumyantsev VA (USSR), patent holder Vladimir Rumyantsev, Afanasevich, Yakutsk - 08/01/1990) [4]. The technology for producing frozen green mass (cryo-feed) from agricultural plants for feeding animals provides for agrotechnological techniques for sowing forage crops, including harvesting at a strictly scheduled time.

The disadvantages of this method include the technological complexity of feed production, which directly depends on the ambient temperature, short shelf life due to fluctuations or the influence of positive temperature in the conditions of the livestock complex, the latter can contribute to the development of mold.

Also known is a method of increasing the digestibility of nutrients of diets for cattle (Pat. 2524990 Russian Federation, authors Nikolaeva N.A., Alekseeva N.M., Borisova P.P., Khompodoeva U.V., Ivanov R.V., Osipov VT. (RF). Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk - 12/13/2012) [5]. The method involves the inclusion of canned green fodder in the main diet of cattle, which contains mixed grass hay, oat hay, mixed fodder, table salt, this helps to reduce the loss of feed quality by 1-5%, increases the digestibility of nutrients in the diet of cattle.

The disadvantage of this method can be attributed to the use of feed additives exclusively in winter, as well as the dependence on fluctuations in ambient temperature.

Known article Tikhonov S.L. (2004), where, in order to increase the meat productivity of gobies, it was proposed to use the Erakond preparation in the form of a 10% aqueous solution at a dose of 50 mg per kg live weight in combination with succinic acid at a dose of 2.5 mg per kg live weight for three courses daily for three days at two three-day intervals. The use of “Herakonda” and succinic acid in combination with young cattle increases live weight gain by 5.2%, increases the slaughter yield of animals by 1.6% [6].

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of implementing the scheme for the use of drugs.

There is a method of increasing meat productivity of calves when using white sludge in the diet at the rate of 50 grams per 1 head. A feed additive contributes to an increase in meat productivity by 11.6% (Rabinovich M.I., Popilov A.N., Daminov PP, Antipov V.A., Gertman AM New enterosorbents and their use in veterinary practice and animal husbandry. Reference. - UGAVM , 2003. - S. 191-200.) [7]. It should be noted the practical usability of the additive, the possibility of combining it with animal feed.

The existing disadvantages include the poor mineral composition of the feed additive, which contains copper, cobalt and iodine.

There is information about the use of feed additives, which use zeolites, mainly mineral varieties are used - clinoptilolite and permite.

A known method of increasing the meat productivity of gobies (Malikova MG, Vologina Zh.Yu., Fenchenko NG High-protein feed additive // Livestock breeder. - 2002. - No. 3. - S. 33.) [8]. The method involves adding to the diet of animals biotrin at a dose of 0.7 g and a zeolite of 0.3 g per 1 kg of live weight. The feed supplement contributed to an increase in daily gains by 11.9%, an increase in slaughter yield by 2.3%.

The disadvantage of feed additives is the high cost due to the use of an expensive component - biotrin, which generally increases the cost of beef.

Also known is the feed additive "Zeohol-Se" to increase the productivity of young animals (Pat. 2321269, Russian Federation, authors Zhamsaranova S.D., Zonkhoeva E.L., Bubeev I.T., Mangutova E.V., Bitueva E.B. ., Sanzhanova SS (RF) East Siberian State Technological University, Ulan-Ude - 04/10/2008), which is closest to the claimed one and is selected as a prototype [9]. The feed additive contains a selenium-modified connective tissue protein hydrolyzate of elastin, which is adsorbed on the zeolite in a ratio of 2: 1, while sodium selenite is used to modify the elastin hydrolyzate. Next, drying is carried out at 40 ° C until a 7% mass fraction of moisture is achieved.

The existing disadvantages of the prototype include the duration and technological complexity of production, due to the size of the crushed mineral from 1 to 3 mm, the preferred application in poultry farming, which ultimately complicates its use in cattle breeding. Also in this feed additive there are no many essential essential substances such as proteins, fats, fiber, as well as nutrients nitrogen, iodine, copper, molybdenum, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to develop a method for increasing the meat productivity of meat-type bull-calves in the conditions of Yakutia.

The stated technical problem is achieved in that in order to increase meat productivity in the diet, fattening gobies are additionally given a natural mineral feed additive consisting of zeolite from the Khonguruu deposit of the Suntarsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (Kolodeznikov, K.E. Zeolite-bearing provinces of the East of the Siberian Platform / K. E. Kolodeznikov; Edited by A. F. Safronov; Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Institute of Oil and Gas Problems, Yakutsk, 2003. - 221 p.) [10], the chemical composition is presented in table 1.

In Yakutia, sapropel reserves are estimated at about billion tons; therefore, this type of nutrient is one of the most promising resources for agriculture of the Republic today (Myarikyanov, M.I. Sapropeli, Lakes Bolshaya Chabyda, Kradenoye and ways to use them in agriculture: monograph / Myarikyanov M.I., T.N. Stepanov, M.S. Egorova. - Yakutsk: NSC of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1991. - 88 p.) [11].

Sapropel in its composition has proteins, fats, fiber, as well as nutrients nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, molybdenum. It is additionally enriched with zeolite containing silicon dioxide, alumina, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide.

Zeolite-sapropel feed additive is obtained by machining, drying, grinding, at the end of the components are mixed. Being one of the best adsorbent, zeolite significantly reduces the negative effects of the consumption of poor-quality feed, helps to prevent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract by adsorbing toxins. The introduction of a complex zeolite-sapropel feed supplement into the diet replenishes and normalizes the nutritional and mineral metabolism in young cattle.

Zeolite is given at a dose of 130 g in combination with sapropel at a dose of 250 g per head, is given together with the main feed per head 2 times a day.

Distinctive features of the claimed invention are the qualitative and quantitative composition of the feed additive, namely the combined use of crushed zeolite and sapropel in a ratio of 13: 25.

Thus, a comparative analysis of the claimed and used methods allows us to identify significant distinguishing features of the proposed technical solution from the prototype: the technical result of increasing the meat productivity of gobies is achieved by adding mineral feed additives to their diet, which will be further enriched with essential substances like proteins, fats, fiber, and nutrients (nitrogen, iodine, copper, molybdenum, alumina, titanium oxide).

Thus, the claimed method of increasing the meat productivity of bulls for fattening meets the criterion of "novelty."

This invention is implemented in the geographical conditions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

The experiment is carried out. To implement the proposed method for increasing the meat productivity of fattening gobies in the conditions of Yakutia, scientific and economic experience was set up on the basis of the “Krestyakh” agricultural production complex of the Suntarsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which is located in an area with a poor content of iodine, selenium, cobalt, potassium, magnesium sodium, in soil cover, water and feed.

The experiment was conducted on calves of the Kalmyk cattle breed of 30 animals at the age of 8 months. To conduct research, the groups were formed on the basis of analogues. The control group received the main household diet and served as an indicator when comparing the economic and biological differences of the animals raised. The experimental group 2 times a day received a complex zeolite-sapropel feed supplement, consisting of zeolite at a dose of 130 g in combination with sapropel at a dose of 250 g per head.

Feeding and maintenance were the same in all groups. The duration of the experiment is 120 days. Blood was examined to control the physiological state of the experimental animals. Blood sampling of experimental young animals was carried out in the morning before feeding.

The results of the study of biochemical blood parameters of experimental gobies before and after using the feed additive are presented in table 3.

The results of blood tests of gobies in the control and experimental groups had some differences in the amount of hemoglobin, red blood cells, and white blood cells. So in the blood of gobies, the experimental group after using the feed additive in terms of hemoglobin and erythrocytes was 1.6% and 4.7% more, and by 7.9% less in leukocyte content.

Studies have shown that the feed supplement has a stimulating effect on the morphological parameters of the blood of experimental animals. A large amount of hemoglobin was noted in the experimental group, where the young growth was larger than peers from the control group. It is well known that hemoglobin is involved in the transport of oxygen to tissues, its amount is interrelated with indicators of growth and development of the body.

The experimental young animals were weighed before and after the application of the feed additive, the calf growth indicators are presented in table 4.

An analysis of the experimental data shows that the fixed live weight of the young experimental group, which additionally received a feed supplement compared with the control group, was higher by 8.3%. Moreover, the absolute increase in the experimental group was 8% higher than in the control group. Noticeable changes are reflected in the indicators of daily average growth, so at the end of the experiment, the bulls of the experimental group exceeded their counterparts from the control group by 10.1%.

Cultivated young animals, receiving a complex zeolite-sapropel feed supplement, exceeded their peers in terms of live weight, average daily, absolute and relative growths. This is due to better feed intake, digestibility of the nutritional and mineral parts of the diet.

The study of the digestibility of dietary nutrients in experimental gobies was carried out at 8 months of age by setting up 3 heads from each experimental group for physiological experience. Testing was carried out according to the generally accepted zootechnical technique. The digestibility rats of experimental animals are presented in table 5. Nitrogen balance in table 6. Calcium balance in table 7. Phosphorus balance in table 8.

Thus, the advantage of the proposed method compared with the prototype allows us to recommend this method for use in beef cattle. The use of a feed additive consisting of 130 g of zeolite from the Khongurinsky deposit of the Suntarskiy ulus and 250 g of sapropel of a local lake 2 times a day in the diet of fattened gobies will make it possible to obtain stable gains, increase live weight, improve physiological parameters, normalize the body's metabolism, and ultimately increase meat productivity of fattening gobies in the conditions of Yakutia.

Sources of information

1. Kolesnyak, A.A. The development of specialized beef cattle breeding as a factor in improving the food security of Russia / A.A. Kolesnyak // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. 2011. No. 10. - S. 18-20.

2. Kerdyashov, N.N. Feeding of young animals using complex feed additives: monograph / N.N. Kerdyashov, A.I. Darin. - Penza: RIO ПГСХА, 2015 .-- 166 p.

3. Pankratov, VV. Prospects and opportunities for improving specialized cattle breeding in Yakutia / V.V. Pankratov, N.M. Chernogradskaya, M.F. Grigoryev // Prospects for the socio-economic development of the village of RS (Y): a collection of articles based on materials of the Republican Scientific and Practical Conference. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy, Faculty of Agrotechnology. 2015 .-- S. 188-192.

4. Pat. 1835996 USSR, author Rumyantsev V.A. (USSR), patent holder Vladimir Afanasevich Rumyantsev, Yakutsk - 08/01/1990.

5. Pat. 2524990 Russian Federation, authors Nikolaeva N.A., Alekseeva N.M., Borisova P.P., Khompodoeva U.V., Ivanov R.V., Osipov VT. (RF). Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Yakutsk - 12/13/2012.

6. Tikhonov, S.L. Adaptation of gobies to stress factors in the conditions of industrial technology // The dissertation on competition. student senior candidate agricultural sciences. - Troitsk, 2004 .-- 132 p.

7. Rabinovich M.I., Popilov A.N., Daminov P.P., Antipov V.A., Gertman A.M. New enterosorbents and their use in veterinary practice and animal husbandry. Directory. - UGAVM, 2003 .-- S. 191-200.

8. Malikova M.G., Vologina Zh.Yu., Fenchenko N.G. High protein feed additive // Livestock breeder. - 2002. - No. 3. - S. 33.

9. Pat. 2321269, Russian Federation, authors Zhamsaranova S.D., Zonkhoeva E.L., Bubeev I.T., Mangutova E.V., Bitueva E.B., Sanzhanova S.S. (RF). East Siberian State Technological University, Ulan-Ude - 04/10/2008.

10. Kolodeznikov, K.E. Zeolite-bearing provinces of the East of the Siberian Platform / K.E. Wells; Repl. ed. A.F. Safronov; Grew up. Acad. sciences. Sib. Separation. Institute of oil and gas problems. Yakutsk, 2003 .-- 221 p.

11. Myarikyanov, M.I. Sapropeli of Lakes Bolshaya Chabyda, Kradenoye and Ways of Their Use in Agriculture: Monograph / Myarikyanov MI, G.N. Stepanov, M.S. Egorova. - Yakutsk: YaNTS AN SSSR, 1991. - 88 p.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the meat productivity of meat-type bull-calves in the conditions of Yakutia, including adding zeolite-sapropel feed additives to the fed bull-calves, characterized in that the animals are fed a mineral complex feed additive of the zeolite of the Khongurinsky deposit of the Suntarsky ulus in a dose of 130 g and 250 g in addition to the main diet on one head twice a day during fattening.