RU2771175C1 - Method for increasing the milk productivity of cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for increasing the milk productivity of cows. The method is characterized by the fact that a mineral supplement is introduced into the main diet of cows from the cake of maral antlers, which has undergone extrusion processing. The additive is introduced into the basic diet of cows at a dose of 5-9 g/head for 10 days three times, with an interval of 10 days in the period from 100 to 200 days of lactation.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the milk productivity of cows.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to animal husbandry, and can be used to increase the milk productivity of cows.

Under the conditions of industrial cattle breeding, metabolic processes are disturbed in animals, the amount of macro- and microelements, vitamins and biologically active substances in the body decreases, especially in highly productive cows, there is no possibility of manifesting the genetic potential of productivity, which causes enormous economic damage to livestock farms.

As a result, there is a violation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in highly productive cows. Calcium deficiency in their body is often associated with a low solubility of most of its salts, a violation of the processes of absorption and use by body tissues, which is manifested by calcification of the walls of arteries, the formation of stones in the gallbladder, renal pelvis and tubules, a decrease in productivity, reproductive ability and leads to large economic losses. .

Therefore, in connection with the intensification of animal husbandry, studies on the possibility of using feed additives from regional raw materials in animal rations are of considerable interest. For example, on the basis of waste processing products of deer antler breeding, one of the promising sectors of animal husbandry in the Altai Territory.

Known methods for increasing productivity and normalizing metabolic processes in farm animals by introducing mineral supplements and their complexes into the diet, patents: RU 2088109 of 27.08.1997; RU 2497382 C2 dated 11/10/2013; SU 1804304 of 03/23/1993; RU 2273149 C1 dated 04/10/2006; RU 2278528 dated 06/27/2006).

Known feed additives, which include a number of trace elements that have a significant impact on different aspects of metabolism, patents: RU 2161416 from 10.01.2001; RU 2145479 dated February 20, 2000; RU 2303367 dated 07/27/2007; RU 2295255 dated 11/10/2006; RU 2340207 dated April 24, 2007; RU 2335920 dated 12/27/2006. The disadvantages of such feed additives are the imbalance of the microelement composition and the low content of biologically active substances.

The closest analogues of the proposed technical solution are patents, in which cake from deer antlers RU 2578614, 2016.01 and RU 2473354 C1, 2013.01.27 is used as one of the additives.

The disadvantage of these technical solutions is that the antler cake used as an additive in them has not been studied on productive cows, its effect on their milk production has not been determined, and methods for its use have not been developed.

The problem solved by the present invention is the development of a method for increasing the milk productivity of cows when using oil cake from antler production waste as a mineral supplement.

The technical essence lies in obtaining an increase in milk production in the most promising period of milk yield in order to achieve the maximum possible result.

The present problem is solved by the fact that in a method for increasing the milk productivity of cows, which includes introducing a mineral supplement from the cake of deer antlers into the main diet, cake from the deer antlers that has undergone extrusion processing is used as a cake, which is introduced into the main diet of animals at a dose of 5-9 g / head within 10 days three times, with an interval of 10 days in the period from 100 to 200 days of lactation.

In order to solve the tasks set in the production conditions of JSC "Uchkhoz" Prigorodnoye "of the Altai Territory, studies were conducted on dairy cows using a mineral supplement from the cake of maral antlers in the diet. The object of the study was lactating cows (n = 80) of black-and-white breed. experiment and to determine the optimal dose of the mineral supplement, four groups of lactating cows were formed according to the principle of analogues, taking into account age, the level of milk production for the previous lactation and the stage of the reproductive cycle, 20 animals each.All animals were clinically healthy and kept under the same conditions. feedings were made according to the recommended detailed norms of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, taking into account the live weight, physiological state, productivity and chemical composition of the feed.Animals of the control group did not receive a mineral supplement from the cake of maral antlers.

Fig. 1 scheme of scientific and economic experience, table 1.

Fig. 2 diagram of average daily milk yield.

Fig. 3 diagram of the mass fraction of fat in milk.

Fig. 4 diagram of the mass fraction of protein in milk.

Fig 5 morphological parameters of blood, table 2.

Fig. 6 biochemical parameters of the blood of lactating cows, table 3.

In the Altai Territory, when growing marals, they produce unique products - antlers, which are widely used in medical practice. After using antler cake and its subsequent enzymatic treatment and high-temperature extraction, a biosubstance is obtained containing 440.0 g of calcium, 260.0 g of phosphorus, a complex of other minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids and other biologically active substances in one kilogram.

It is known that in the initial stages of lactation, most cows are in a negative mineral balance during the first 10 days of lactation due to the slow adaptation of calcium absorption mechanisms in response to a sharp increase in its requirement for milk secretion. A positive balance of trace elements is restored only by the 60th day of lactation. Therefore, for the introduction of a mineral supplement from the cake of maral antlers into the diet, the peak period of lactation (from 100 to 200 days) was chosen, during which it is very important to maintain the highest milk yield, which, as our studies showed, the drug under study provides (Fig. 1).

It was established that by the end of the experiment, cows receiving a mineral supplement at a dose of 7.0 g/head (2nd experimental group) had an increase in milk yield by 13.1 and 10.4% compared to the control group and animals receiving 5. 0 g of mineral supplement (the first experimental group). The difference between the indicators in cows receiving 7.0 g (second experimental group) and 9.0 g (third experimental group) was insignificant. Reducing the addition of cake less than 5 g does not allow to obtain any significant increase in milk production. Due to the fact that the difference in the stimulating effect when feeding 9 g per head compared to 7 g per head is insignificant, a further increase in the dose of cake does not make sense.

There were no significant differences in the content of milk fat in milk, and the difference between the groups was within the statistical error. While the level of protein in milk in cows of the second experimental group, which received a mineral supplement in the diet of their cake of maral antlers at a dose of 7.0 g/head, was higher in comparison with animals of the control group and received it in an amount of 5.0 g (first experimental group). The indicators of the mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows receiving 7.0 g (the second experimental group) and 9.0 g (the third experimental group) did not differ significantly.

Thus, the results of studies of quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk productivity allow us to state that feeding lactating cows with a mineral supplement from the cake of maral antlers at a dose of 5.0 - 9.0 g three times for 10 days at intervals of 10 days helps to increase milk productivity and increase biological value of milk.

Taking into account the mineral composition of the additive and the high need of lactating animals for calcium and phosphorus, studies of the morphological and biochemical composition of blood were carried out, which are an important tool for assessing the body's resistance, the intensity of metabolic processes and the health of animals.

The conducted studies showed that all studied morphological parameters of blood in animals of the control and experimental groups were within the physiological norm (Table 2 and 3).

It has been established that the introduction of a mineral supplement from the cake of maral antlers into the diet of lactating cows contributes to the activation of hematopoiesis processes, which is reflected in an increase in the level of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and hematocrit. The greatest stimulating effect was observed in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, whose diet includes a mineral supplement at a dose of 7.0 and 9.0 g/head, respectively.

The concentration of platelets in the blood of the animals of the experimental groups corresponded to the physiological norm, however, in the cows of the control group, their number was higher in comparison with the animals of the experimental groups, which may indirectly indicate the tension of the immune system and the processes of hematopoiesis. The analysis of white blood parameters showed a tendency to increase in the content of leukocytes with an increase in the amount of the mineral supplement from the cake of maral antlers in the diet to 9.0 g per head, which indicates the tension of the reticulo-endothelial system of the body of cows with an increase in the dose of the mineral supplement.

Due to the fact that the milk productivity of animals is determined by qualitative changes in the level of metabolism, we have studied some biochemical parameters of blood serum. The results of the study are presented in table 3.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the milk productivity of cows, including the introduction of a mineral supplement from the cake of maral antlers into the main ration, characterized in that as a mineral additive, cake from maral antlers is used, which has undergone extrusion processing, which is introduced into the main diet of animals at a dose of 5-9 g/head within 10 days three times with an interval of 10 days in the period from 100 to 200 days of lactation.

Images