MD730Z - Process for rearing young cattle - Google Patents
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- MD730Z MD730Z MDS20130043A MDS20130043A MD730Z MD 730 Z MD730 Z MD 730Z MD S20130043 A MDS20130043 A MD S20130043A MD S20130043 A MDS20130043 A MD S20130043A MD 730 Z MD730 Z MD 730Z
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title description 3
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 240000009108 Chlorella vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000007089 Chlorella vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 241000194031 Enterococcus faecium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013384 milk substitute Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 24
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 244000005709 gut microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000021052 average daily weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Invenţia se referă la zootehnie, în particular la un procedeu de creştere a tineretului taurin, şi anume a viţeilor.Procedeul, conform invenţiei, include hrănirea tineretului taurin până la vârsta de 70 de zile cu lapte integral, la un cap, în zilele 1…21 în cantitate de 4…6 L, apoi cantitatea de lapte integral se micşorează treptat şi concomitent se introduce substituent de lapte în cantităţi crescânde, totodată suplimentar se administrează suspensie de algă Chlorella vulgaris cu concentraţia de 50…60 mln celule/mL, nutreţ combinat, un aditiv furajer ce conţine probioticul Enterococcus faecium, prebioticul inulină, fragmente de pereţi celulari şi extracte din alge marine, iar opţional fân de lucernă.The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to a process for raising young bulls, namely calves. The process, according to the invention, includes feeding young bulls up to the age of 70 days with whole milk, at one head, on days 1 ... 21 in the amount of 4 ... 6 L, then the amount of whole milk is gradually reduced and at the same time a milk substituent is introduced in increasing amounts, at the same time a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris algae with a concentration of 50 ... 60 ml cells / mL is administered, combined feed , a feed additive containing probiotic Enterococcus faecium, prebiotic inulin, cell wall fragments and seaweed extracts, and optionally alfalfa hay.
Description
Invenţia se referă la zootehnie, în particular la un procedeu de creştere a tineretului taurin, şi anume a viţeilor, în perioada de alăptare (1…70 zile). The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to a method of raising young cattle, namely calves, during the lactation period (1...70 days).
În condiţiile actuale ale zootehniei populaţiile bacteriilor benefice ale tractului digestiv al animalelor se află sub un presing permanent al microflorei patogene, care destabilizează microcenoza intestinală, mai cu seamă la tineret. Under current conditions of animal husbandry, the populations of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract of animals are under permanent pressure from pathogenic microflora, which destabilizes the intestinal microcoenosis, especially in young animals.
Este cunoscut procedeul de alimentare a tineretului taurin cu utilizarea suspensiei de algă Chlorella vulgaris, indicată la îmbunătăţirea raţiei de bază cu 300…500 ml de suspensie de algă Chlorella vulgaris timp de o lună, care a avut ca efect sporirea masei corporale a viţeilor de vârsta 3…6 luni cu până la 25…42% [1]. The process of feeding young cattle using Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension is known, indicated for improving the basic ration with 300…500 ml of Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension for one month, which had the effect of increasing the body mass of calves aged 3…6 months by up to 25…42% [1].
Suspensia de algă Chlorella vulgaris, raportată la substanţa uscată, conţine până la 55…60% proteină brută, 35% glucide, 5…10% lipide şi până la 10% substanţe minerale şi substanţe biologic active [1]. În urma utilizării suspensiei de algă în raţia animalelor şi a păsărilor se obţin unele rezultate pozitive, şi anume sporirea digestibilitaţii şi a productivităţii animalelor, îmbunătăţirea stării de sănătate, reproducţie etc. Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension, based on dry matter, contains up to 55…60% crude protein, 35% carbohydrates, 5…10% lipids and up to 10% minerals and biologically active substances [1]. The use of algae suspension in animal and poultry rations leads to some positive results, namely increased digestibility and animal productivity, improved health, reproduction, etc.
Este cunoscut procedeul de alimentare a tineretului taurin cu utilizarea ca alternativă la antibiotice, pentru tratarea tulburărilor digestive, a substanţelor biologic active, în componenţa cărora intră tulpini de bacterii vii cu o activitate înaltă contra bacteriilor patogene şi convenţional patogene, special selectate pentru normalizarea biocenozei intestinale, şi anume a aditivului furajer IMBO produs de către firma “Biomin” din Austria [2]. The process of feeding young bulls with the use of biologically active substances, which include strains of live bacteria with high activity against pathogenic and conventionally pathogenic bacteria, specially selected for the normalization of intestinal biocenosis, namely the IMBO feed additive produced by the “Biomin” company from Austria, as an alternative to antibiotics, for the treatment of digestive disorders [2].
Aditivul furajer care conţine probioticul Enterococcus faecium, prebioticul inulină, fragmente de pereţi celulari şi extracte din alge marine permite: The feed additive containing the probiotic Enterococcus faecium, the prebiotic inulin, cell wall fragments and seaweed extracts allows:
probioticul Enterococcus faecium ajută la realizarea unei microflore naturale a intestinului şi la prevenirea colonizării patogene, ca urmare a proliferării rapide, colonizării şi acidifierii mediului intestinal; the probiotic Enterococcus faecium helps to achieve a natural intestinal microflora and prevent pathogenic colonization, as a result of rapid proliferation, colonization and acidification of the intestinal environment;
prebioticul inulină modifică microflora intestinală, intensificând în mod selectiv evoluţia bifidobacteriilor. Aceste bacterii benefice pentru organism împreună cu tulpina Enterococcus faecium consolidează microflora intestinală şi construiesc o barieră activă împotriva colonizării patogene; the prebiotic inulin modifies the intestinal microflora, selectively enhancing the evolution of bifidobacteria. These beneficial bacteria for the body together with the Enterococcus faecium strain strengthen the intestinal microflora and build an active barrier against pathogenic colonization;
fragmentele de pereţi celulari activează celulele sistemului imunitar, macrofage şi limfocite, îmbunătăţeşte rezistenţa la infecţii. Fragmentele de pereţi celulari blochează anumite zone receptoare pentru bacteriile patogene de pe suprafaţa intestinului şi ajută la prevenirea aderenţei acestor factori patogeni; cell wall fragments activate immune system cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, improve resistance to infections. Cell wall fragments block certain receptor sites for pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the intestine and help prevent the adhesion of these pathogens;
substanţele ficofitice sunt derivate din alge marine şi carbohidraţi şi activează sistemul imunitar - macrofagele şi limfocitele. Substanţele ficofitice împreună cu fragmentele din pereţii celulari sporeşte rezistenţa la infecţii. Phycophytic substances are derived from seaweed and carbohydrates and activate the immune system - macrophages and lymphocytes. Phycophytic substances together with cell wall fragments increase resistance to infections.
Toţi componenţii acestui aditiv manifestă o acţiune sinergetică, şi anume sporesc nivelul de înlăturare a microflorei patogene intestinale cu ajutorul probioticului, activizează sistemul imunitar cu ajutorul fragmentelor pereţilor celulari şi substanţelor ficofitice, sporind în aşa mod rezistenţa animalelor la diverse infecţii [Catalog de produse “Biomin”, Sibiu, România, 2010, p.17]. All components of this additive exhibit a synergistic action, namely they increase the level of removal of pathogenic intestinal microflora with the help of the probiotic, activate the immune system with the help of cell wall fragments and phycophytic substances, thus increasing the animals' resistance to various infections [Product Catalog “Biomin”, Sibiu, Romania, 2010, p.17].
Utilizarea preparatului Biomin IMBO permite de a îmbunătăţi activitatea tractului digestiv la viţei sporind în aşa mod ingestia hranei şi productivitatea animalelor. Sporirea rezistenţei viţeilor la diverse infecţii permite, în primul rând, de a obţine animale sănătoase cu o productivitate înaltă, şi în al doilea rând, exclude necesitatea utilizării antibioticelor scumpe la tratarea maladiilor, majorând în aşa mod eficienţa economică. The use of the preparation Biomin IMBO allows to improve the activity of the digestive tract in calves, thereby increasing feed intake and animal productivity. Increasing the resistance of calves to various infections allows, firstly, to obtain healthy animals with high productivity, and secondly, eliminates the need to use expensive antibiotics to treat diseases, thus increasing economic efficiency.
Cea mai apropiată soluţie este procedeul de creştere a tineretului taurin [3], care în prezent se utilizează în multe gospodării din Republica Moldova, inclusiv la ferma de taurine a Staţiunii Tehnologico-Experimentale „Maximovca” şi este prezentat schematic în tab.1. The closest solution is the process of raising young bulls [3], which is currently used in many households in the Republic of Moldova, including at the bull farm of the Technological and Experimental Station "Maximovca" and is schematically presented in Table 1.
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Schema tradiţională (soluţia cea mai apropiată) de hrănire a viţeilor Traditional scheme (the closest solution) for feeding calves
Vârsta, zile Numărul de alăptări pe zi Lapte integral, L/cap/zi Lapte degresat, L/cap Fân, kg/cap Nutreţ combinat, kg/cap Siloz, kg/cap Mono- fosfat, g/cap Sare, g/cap 1…10 3 6 - Obişn. - - - - 11…20 3 6 - 0,1 0,1 Obişn. 6 5 21…30 2 6 - 0,1 0,3 0,1 12 10 31…40 2 6 - 0,3 0,4 0,5 16 15 41…50 2 6 - 0,6 0,6 0,5 16 15 51…60 2 6 - 0,9 0,6 0,5 16 15 61…70 2 - 8 1,2 0,7 1,5 16 15 Total - 360 80 32 27 31 820 750Age, days Number of breastfeedings per day Whole milk, L/head/day Skimmed milk, L/head Hay, kg/head Compound feed, kg/head Silage, kg/head Mono- phosphate, g/head Salt, g/head 1…10 3 6 - Usual - - - - 11…20 3 6 - 0.1 0.1 Usual 6 5 21...30 2 6 - 0.1 0.3 0.1 12 10 31...40 2 6 - 0.3 0.4 0.5 16 15 41...50 2 6 - 0.6 0.6 0.5 16 15 51...60 2 6 - 0.9 0.6 0.5 16 15 61...70 2 - 8 1.2 0.7 1.5 16 15 Total - 360 80 32 27 31 820 750
Neajunsurile acestui procedeu sunt: The disadvantages of this procedure are:
utilizarea unei cantităţi mari de lapte integral (360 L) la creşterea unui viţel, fapt ce măreşte preţul de cost; the use of a large quantity of whole milk (360 L) when raising a calf, which increases the cost price;
administrarea unor cantităţi mari de lapte integral din primele zile de viaţă şi trecerea bruscă de la lapte la alte nutreţuri (de la 6 L/cap lapte în perioada 1…60 zile la 8 L/cap lapte degresat în perioada 61…70 zile), fapt ce are ca consecinţă tulburări grave ale tactului digestiv; administering large quantities of whole milk from the first days of life and the sudden switch from milk to other feeds (from 6 L/head of milk during the period 1…60 days to 8 L/head of skimmed milk during the period 61…70 days), which results in serious digestive tract disorders;
nutreţul combinat folosit nu corespunde cerinţelor vitale ale raselor de animale exploatate actualmente în R. Moldova, şi anume din componenţa lui lipsesc aditivi furajeri naturali şi probioticele. The combined feed used does not meet the vital requirements of the animal breeds currently exploited in the Republic of Moldova, namely its composition lacks natural feed additives and probiotics.
Problema pe care o rezolvă procedeul propus de creştere a viţeilor în perioada de alăptare (vârsta animalelor 0…70 zile) constă în îmbunătăţirea indicilor de creştere şi dezvoltare a animalelor (masa corporală, sporul mediu zilnic în greutate), micşorarea consumului de nutreţuri specifice şi creşterea eficienţei economice. The problem solved by the proposed method of raising calves during the lactation period (animal age 0…70 days) consists of improving animal growth and development indices (body mass, average daily weight gain), reducing the consumption of specific feeds and increasing economic efficiency.
Procedeul propus rezolvă problema prin substituirea parţială a laptelui integral cu suspensia de algă Chlorella vulgaris cu concentraţia de 50…60 mln celule/mL, aditivul furajer Biomin IMBO şi nutreţul combinat, în conformitate cu o schemă experimentală stabilită. The proposed process solves the problem by partially substituting whole milk with the Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension with a concentration of 50…60 million cells/mL, the Biomin IMBO feed additive and the combined feed, according to an established experimental scheme.
Procedeul de creştere a tineretului taurin include hrănirea tineretului taurin până la vârsta de 70 de zile, la un cap, cu lapte integral în zilele 1…3 - 4 L, în zilele 4…7 - 5 L, în zilele 8…14 - 5,5 L, în zilele 15…21 - 6 L, apoi în zilele 22…28 cantitatea de lapte integral se micşorează treptat de la 4,5 până la 2,0 L şi concomitent se introduce substituent de lapte în cantităţi crescânde de la 1,5 până la 4,0 L, care în zilele 29…56 constituie 6,0 L, în zilele 57…63 - 4,0 L, în zilele 64…70 - 2,0 L, totodată suplimentar se administrează suspensie de algă Chlorella vulgaris cu concentraţia de 50…60 mln celule/mL, timp de 10 zile, din săptămâna a 2-a - 100 mL, din săptămâna a 3-a - 200 mL, din săptămâna a 5-a - 300 mL, în zilele 4…21 un aditiv furajer ce conţine probioticul Enterococcus faecium, prebioticul inulină, fragmente de pereţi celulari şi extracte din alge marine în cantitate de 1,0 g, precum şi nutreţ combinat în cantitate de 0,05…0,25 kg, iar în zilele 22…70 aditivul furajer se introduce în compoziţia nutreţului combinat în cantitate de 1,5 kg/t care se administrează în cantitate de 0,35…1,00 kg, totodată, începând cu ziua a 4-a, opţional se adaugă fân de lucernă. The process of raising young bulls includes feeding young bulls up to the age of 70 days, per head, with whole milk on days 1…3 - 4 L, on days 4…7 - 5 L, on days 8…14 - 5.5 L, on days 15…21 - 6 L, then on days 22…28 the amount of whole milk is gradually reduced from 4.5 to 2.0 L and at the same time milk substitute is introduced in increasing amounts from 1.5 to 4.0 L, which on days 29…56 constitutes 6.0 L, on days 57…63 - 4.0 L, on days 64…70 - 2.0 L, at the same time, additionally, Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension is administered with a concentration of 50…60 million cells/mL, for 10 days, from the 2nd week - 100 mL, from the 3rd week - 100 mL, from the 4th week - 100 mL, from the 5th week - 100 mL, from the 6th week - 100 mL, from the 6th week - 100 mL, from the 7th week - 100 mL, from the 8th week - 100 mL, from the 9th week - 100 mL, from the 10 3rd - 200 mL, from the 5th week - 300 mL, on days 4…21 a feed additive containing the probiotic Enterococcus faecium, the prebiotic inulin, cell wall fragments and seaweed extracts in an amount of 1.0 g, as well as combined feed in an amount of 0.05…0.25 kg, and on days 22…70 the feed additive is introduced into the composition of the combined feed in an amount of 1.5 kg/t which is administered in an amount of 0.35…1.00 kg, at the same time, starting with the 4th day, alfalfa hay is optionally added.
Rezultatul constă în îmbunătăţirea indicilor de creştere şi dezvoltare a animalelor, creşterea masei corporale, precum şi a sporului mediu zilnic în greutate, totodată se micşorează consumul specific de nutreţuri şi se majorează eficienţa economică. The result is improved animal growth and development indices, increased body mass, as well as average daily weight gain, while reducing specific feed consumption and increasing economic efficiency.
Pentru aprecierea efectului implementării procedeului de creştere a tineretului taurin în perioada de alăptare, la ferma de taurine a Staţiunii Tehnologico-Experimentale a Institutului Ştiinţifico-Practic de Biotehnologii în Zootehnie şi Medicină Veterinară, a fost efectuată o experienţă cu implicarea a două loturi de viţei de vârsta 1…70 zile, particularităţile alimentaţiei pe perioada experimentală au constat în faptul că lotul martor a fost alimentat conform schemei tradiţionale (cea mai apropiată soluţie), iar animalele din lotul experimental conform procedeului propus. In order to assess the effect of implementing the procedure for raising young bulls during the lactation period, at the bull farm of the Technological-Experimental Station of the Scientific-Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, an experiment was carried out involving two batches of calves aged 1…70 days. The feeding particularities during the experimental period consisted in the fact that the control batch was fed according to the traditional scheme (the closest solution), and the animals in the experimental batch according to the proposed procedure.
În conformitate cu cea mai apropiată soluţie, procedeul de creştere a viţeilor, elaborat de Institutul de Cercetări Ştiinţifice de Zootehnie şi Veterinarie din Moldova (1982), presupune hrănirea cu lapte integral în cantitate totală de 360 L/cap, care s-a utilizat în STE ”Maximovca”, pe când noul sistem, înaintat de Laboratorul de Nutriţie şi Tehnologii Furajere (tab. 2), prevede micşorarea acestui indice cu 221,5 L (până la 135,8 L/cap). According to the closest solution, the calf-rearing procedure, developed by the Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Moldova (1982), involves feeding with whole milk in a total quantity of 360 L/head, which was used in STE "Maximovca", while the new system, submitted by the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Technologies (tab. 2), provides for a decrease in this index by 221.5 L (up to 135.8 L/head).
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Schema de hrănire a viţelelor din lotul experimental Feeding schedule for calves in the experimental group
pe perioada de alăptare (1…70 zile) during breastfeeding (1…70 days)
Numărul de alăptări /zi Vârsta, zile Lapte integral, L Substituent de lapte, L Fân, kg Nutreţ com-binat, kg Aditiv furajer BiominIMBO, g Suspensie de algă Chlorella vulgaris, mL/cap/zi 4 1…3 zile 4 3 4…7 zile 5 Opţional 0,05 1,0/cap 3 Săptămâna a 2-a 5,5 Opţional 0,15 1,0/cap 100/10 zile 3 Săptămâna a 3-a 6 Opţional 0,25 1,0/cap 3 Săptămâna a 4-a: Opţional 0,35 În compo-nenţa nutreţu-lui combi-nat 1,5 kg/t 200/10 zile Ziua 22…23 4,5 1,5 Opţional 0,35 Ziua 24…25 4 2 Opţional Ziua 26…27 3,5 2,5 Opţional Ziua 28 2 4 Opţional 3 Săptămâna a 5-a 6 Opţional 0,50 300/ 10 zile 3 Săptămâna a 6-a 6 Opţional 0,60 3 Săptămâna a 7-a 6 Opţional 0,65 3 Săptămâna a 8-a 6 Opţional 0,75 2 Săptămâna a 9-a 4 Opţional 0,8 2 Săptămâna a 10-a 2 Opţional 1,0 Total pe perioadă 138,5 226,0 36,0 6000Number of feedings/day Age, days Whole milk, L Milk replacer, L Hay, kg Compound feed, kg BiominIMBO feed additive, g Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension, mL/head/day 4 1…3 days 4 3 4…7 days 5 Optional 0.05 1.0/head 3 Week 2 5.5 Optional 0.15 1.0/head 100/10 days 3 Week 3 6 Optional 0.25 1.0/head 3 Week 4: Optional 0.35 In the compound feed component 1.5 kg/t 200/10 days Day 22…23 4.5 1.5 Optional 0.35 Day 24…25 4 2 Optional Day 26…27 3.5 2.5 Optional Day 28 2 4 Optional 3 Week 5 6 Optional 0.50 300/ 10 days 3 Week 6 6 Optional 0.60 3 Week 7 6 Optional 0.65 3 Week 8 6 Optional 0.75 2 Week 9 4 Optional 0.8 2 Week 10 2 Optional 1.0 Total per period 138.5 226.0 36.0 6000
Pe tot parcursul experienţei s-a dus evidenţa nutreţurilor distribuite, de asemenea s-a monitorizat dinamica masei corporale, sporul mediu zilnic şi starea de sănătate a animalelor (tab. 3-5). Throughout the experiment, records were kept of the distributed feed, and the dynamics of body mass, average daily gain and the health status of the animals were also monitored (tab. 3-5).
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Consumul de furaje pe durata experienţei, kg/cap Feed consumption during the experiment, kg/head
Indici Lotul martor Lotul experimental Lapte integral, L 362,6 138,5 Substituent de lapte, L - 226,0 Lapte + substituent de lapte, L 362,6 364,6 Fân, kg 37,5 40,6 Nutreţ combinat, kg inclusiv: 34,0 36,0 Aditivul furajer Biomin IMBO, kg - 0,054 Suspensie de algă Chlorella vulgaris, L - 6,0 Unităţi nutritive, UN 161,2 141,8 Procente, % 100 88,0 ± faţă de martor -12,0Indices Control group Experimental group Whole milk, L 362.6 138.5 Milk substitute, L - 226.0 Milk + milk substitute, L 362.6 364.6 Hay, kg 37.5 40.6 Combined feed, kg including: 34.0 36.0 Biomin IMBO feed additive, kg - 0.054 Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension, L - 6.0 Nutrient units, UN 161.2 141.8 Percentages, % 100 88.0 ± compared to control -12.0
Datele din tab. 3 demonstrează că consumul de furaje la 1 cap în lotul experimental a fost: la lapte integral - cu 224,0 L sau cu 61,78% mai mic ca în lotul martor, fiindcă o parte din lapte a fost înlocuită cu substituent (226,0 L), la fân - consumul a crescut cu 3,10 kg/cap sau cu 8,27%, la nutreţul combinat - cu 2,0 kg sau cu 3,88% mai mare ca în lotul martor, însă raportând consumul total de furaje la sporul total pe loturi şi determinând consumul de furaje la 1,0 kg spor (tab. 4), vedem că în lotul experimental consumul de lapte + substituent de lapte a fost de 1,37 L sau cu 11,77% mai mic decât în lotul martor, la fân - cu 0,06 kg sau cu 5,00%, la nutreţ combinat - cu 0,14 kg sau cu 8,48% şi, respectiv, consumul specific - cu 1,17 unităţi nutritive sau cu 22,63% mai mic comparativ cu lotul martor. The data in tab. 3 demonstrates that the feed consumption per 1 head in the experimental group was: for whole milk - by 224.0 L or 61.78% lower than in the control group, because part of the milk was replaced with a substitute (226.0 L), for hay - the consumption increased by 3.10 kg/head or 8.27%, for combined feed - by 2.0 kg or 3.88% higher than in the control group, but by relating the total feed consumption to the total gain per groups and determining the feed consumption per 1.0 kg gain (tab. 4), we see that in the experimental group the consumption of milk + milk substitute was 1.37 L or 11.77% lower than in the control group, for hay - by 0.06 kg or 5.00%, for combined feed - by 0.14 kg or 8.48% and, respectively, specific consumption - by 1.17 nutritional units or by 22.63% lower compared to the control group.
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Consumul de furaje la 1,0 kg spor masă corporală Feed consumption per 1.0 kg body weight gain
Indici Loturile martor experimental Spor total, kg 155,7 177,6 Lapte integral, L 11,64 3,9 Substituent de lapte, L - 6,37 Lapte integral + substituent de lapte, L 11, 64 10,27 Fân, kg 1,20 1,14 Suspensie de algă Chlorella vulgaris, L - 0,17 Nutreţ combinat, kg 1,65 1,51 Unităţi nutritive 5,17 4,00 Procente, % 100 77,37 ± faţă de martor -22,63Indices Experimental control groups Total gain, kg 155.7 177.6 Whole milk, L 11.64 3.9 Milk substitute, L - 6.37 Whole milk + milk substitute, L 11.64 10.27 Hay, kg 1.20 1.14 Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension, L - 0.17 Combined feed, kg 1.65 1.51 Nutrient units 5.17 4.00 Percentages, % 100 77.37 ± compared to control -22.63
Viţeii din lotul experimental au avut pe toată perioada un ritm intens de dezvoltare. Dacă la începutul cercetărilor masa corporală medie a animalelor din lotul experimental a fost cu 0,80 kg, sau 2,70% (tab. 5) mai mare ca în lotul martor, apoi la sfârşitul perioadei acest indice a fost respectiv cu 5,18 kg sau cu 8,53%, sporul absolut - cu 14,07% şi sporul mediu zilnic - cu 13,90% mai superior în lotul experimental. The calves in the experimental group had an intense growth rate throughout the period. If at the beginning of the research the average body mass of the animals in the experimental group was 0.80 kg, or 2.70% (tab. 5) higher than in the control group, then at the end of the period this index was respectively 5.18 kg or 8.53%, the absolute gain - by 14.07% and the average daily gain - by 13.90% higher in the experimental group.
În practica zootehnică, pe lângă aşa indici de bază ca: sporul absolut, sporul mediu zilnic, consumul specific, o importanţă deseori o are costul furajelor consumate la 1,0 kg spor, dat fiind faptul că în preţul de cost al producţiei animaliere preţul furajelor constituie 60…90%. In zootechnical practice, in addition to such basic indices as: absolute gain, average daily gain, specific consumption, the cost of feed consumed per 1.0 kg of gain is often important, given that the cost of feed constitutes 60…90% of the cost price of animal production.
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Dinamica masei corporale, sporului absolut şi sporului mediu zilnic Dynamics of body mass, absolute gain and average daily gain
Indici Lotul martor experimental % % Masa corporală: la naştere (0 zile), kg 29,60±1,36 100,0 30,40±1,21 102,70 la sfârşitul perioadei (70 zile), kg 60,74±4,65 100,0 65,92±5,50 108,53 Sporul absolut, kg 31,14±5,31 100,0 35,52±6,34 114,07 Sporul mediu zilnic, g 445,0±75,95 100,0 507,0±90,51 113,90Indices Experimental control group % % Body weight: at birth (0 days), kg 29.60±1.36 100.0 30.40±1.21 102.70 at the end of the period (70 days), kg 60.74±4.65 100.0 65.92±5.50 108.53 Absolute gain, kg 31.14±5.31 100.0 35.52±6.34 114.07 Average daily gain, g 445.0±75.95 100.0 507.0±90.51 113.90
Tabelul 6 Table 6
Eficienţa economică a implementării procedeului Economic efficiency of implementing the process
de creştere a viţeilor (pe perioada de 1…70 zile) calf rearing (for the period of 1…70 days)
Semnificare Loturile martor experimental Costul furajelor, lei la 1,0 kg spor la 1 animal la 1,0 kg spor la 1 animal TOTAL lei 66,55 2075,85 55,71 1800,16 % 100 100 83,71 86,72 ± faţă de martor -16,28% -13,28% -10,84 lei -275,69 leiMeaning Experimental control lots Cost of feed, lei per 1.0 kg gain per 1 animal per 1.0 kg gain per 1 animal TOTAL lei 66.55 2075.85 55.71 1800.16 % 100 100 83.71 86.72 ± compared to control -16.28% -13.28% -10.84 lei -275.69 lei
Datele din tab. 6 ne indică că costul furajelor cheltuite pentru a obţine 1kg de spor în greutate în lotul experimental a fost cu 10,84 lei sau cu 16,28% mai mic, respectiv cu 275,69 lei sau 13,28% la un cap, fapt ce are un impact pozitiv asupra rentabilităţii ramurii. The data in Table 6 indicate that the cost of feed spent to obtain 1 kg of weight gain in the experimental group was 10.84 lei or 16.28% lower, respectively 275.69 lei or 13.28% per head, which has a positive impact on the profitability of the branch.
În acest mod a fost demonstrat că la implementarea procedeului elaborat, la creşterea tineretului taurin până la vârsta de 70 zile, s-au obţinut indici economici înalţi, utilizarea la un cap a numai 138,5 L lapte integral, 226 L de substituent de lapte, 6,0 L suspensie de algă Chlorella vulgaris, 36,0 kg nutreţ combinat, în componenţa căruia este introdus aditivul furajer IMBO în cantitate de 1,5 kg/t, fân de lucernă de calitate superioară distribuit opţional a contribuit la îmbunătăţirea indicilor de creştere a animalelor, precum şi la micşorarea consumului specific de nutreţuri, astfel majorându-se eficienţa economică. In this way, it was demonstrated that when implementing the developed procedure, when raising young bulls up to the age of 70 days, high economic indices were obtained, the use per head of only 138.5 L of whole milk, 226 L of milk substitute, 6.0 L of Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension, 36.0 kg of combined feed, in the composition of which the IMBO feed additive is introduced in an amount of 1.5 kg/t, high-quality alfalfa hay distributed optionally contributed to improving animal growth indices, as well as to reducing the specific consumption of feed, thus increasing economic efficiency.
1. Богданов Н.И. Суспензия хлореллы в рационе сельскохозяйственных животных. Волгоград, 2007, р. 40 1. Богданов Н.И. Suspension of chlorella in the diet of agricultural animals. Volgograd, 2007, р. 40
2. Pop I. M. Aditivi furajeri. Iasi, TipoMoldova, 2006, p. 188 2. Pop I. M. Feed additives. Iasi, TipoMoldova, 2006, p. 188
3. Бахчиванжи М. А., Трибой А. Г., Долгов А. М. и др. Как вырастить здорового теленка. Кишинев, Картя молдовенскэ, 1982, р. 54 3. Bakhchivanzhi M. А., Трибой А. G., Dolgov A. M. and others How to raise a healthy calf. Chişinău, Картя молдовенске, 1982, р. 54
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| MD965Z (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-06-30 | Общественное Учреждение "Научно-Практический Институт Биотехнологий В Зоотехники И Ветеринарной Медицине" | Granular combined feed for young sheep |
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| SU1653711A1 (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1991-06-07 | Харьковский Институт Механизации И Электрификации Сельского Хозяйства | Method for feeding young cattle |
| RU2258527C1 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-08-20 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт орошаемого земледелия | Method for increasing body resistance in cattle youngsters |
| RU2265367C2 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-12-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Элест" | Method for alimentation of farm animals and poultry |
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| RU2298945C2 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2007-05-20 | Владимир Борисович Гриневич | Nutritive diet correcting microbiocenosis of gastrointestinal tract in productive or domestic animals and method for increasing their productivity |
| RU2341973C2 (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2008-12-27 | ФГОУ ВПО "Уральская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины" | Method of increase of efficiency of bull-calves of dairy period breeding |
| MD252Z (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-05-31 | Общественное Учреждение "Научно-Практический Институт Биотехнологий В Зоотехники И Ветеринарии" | Combined feed for calves |
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| SU1653711A1 (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1991-06-07 | Харьковский Институт Механизации И Электрификации Сельского Хозяйства | Method for feeding young cattle |
| RU2265367C2 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-12-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Элест" | Method for alimentation of farm animals and poultry |
| RU2258527C1 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-08-20 | Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт орошаемого земледелия | Method for increasing body resistance in cattle youngsters |
| MD2755G2 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-02-28 | Государственный аграрный университет Молдовы | Process for growing young cattle |
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| MD252Z (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-05-31 | Общественное Учреждение "Научно-Практический Институт Биотехнологий В Зоотехники И Ветеринарии" | Combined feed for calves |
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| Pop I. M. Aditivi furajeri. Iasi, TipoMoldova, 2006, p. 188 * |
| Бахчиванжи М. А., Трибой А. Г., Долгов А. М. и др. Как вырастить здорового теленка. Кишинев, Картя молдовенскэ, 1982, р. 54 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| MD965Z (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-06-30 | Общественное Учреждение "Научно-Практический Институт Биотехнологий В Зоотехники И Ветеринарной Медицине" | Granular combined feed for young sheep |
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