CN113133429B - Method for improving immunity and oxidation resistance of dairy cows - Google Patents
Method for improving immunity and oxidation resistance of dairy cows Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the immunity and the antioxidation capability of dairy cows, which comprises the following steps: mixing seaweed extract with feed; feeding the feed with seaweed extract to cow. According to the invention, the seaweed extract is added into the feed, so that the feed can effectively improve the immunity and the antioxidation capability of the dairy cows when being used for feeding the dairy cows, and has important significance for improving the health of the dairy cows; meanwhile, the method can obtain a high-quality pollution-free green dairy product, has very important significance for realizing better development of animal husbandry and improving income of pastures, has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low cost, high safety, no drug resistance and the like, and has high use value and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the immunity and the antioxidation capability of dairy cows.
Background
Along with the continuous increase of the demand of livestock and poultry products and the improvement of the quality requirements of the livestock and poultry products, livestock and poultry breeding enterprises are promoted to meet market demands by continuously improving the breeding level, and the quality improvement of feed is the key of improving the breeding level. At present, the additive is applied to livestock and poultry production in a large quantity, can strengthen the nutritive value of basic feed, improve the production performance of animals, ensure the health of the animals, reduce the raising cost and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products, and the traditional additive such as antibiotics, hormone and the like plays a non-negligible role, but has obvious defect problems, including:
(1) The long-term use of antibiotics, hormones and other substances can cause pathogenic microorganisms to have drug resistance, and specifically: the use of antibiotics and hormones by animals at low doses for a long time, whether used as feed additives or preventive drugs, causes the ecological environment to screen for drug-resistant bacteria more than short-time large-dose therapeutic drugs, and drug-resistant genes in bacteria can be transmitted among bacteria in the population, bacteria in the animal population and bacteria in the ecological system, thereby causing pathogenic bacteria to generate drug resistance and causing failure in treatment of human and animal infectious diseases.
(2) The livestock products are caused to have drug residues, which bring harm to human health, in particular: during the physiological metabolism of the animal's growth, there may also be some "by-pass metabolism" similar to the secondary metabolism of the microorganism, and these metabolites are not related to the animal's growth, thus resulting in the waste of nutrients. Antibiotics as secondary metabolites will act as a feedback repressor and feedback inhibitor to the above-mentioned "shunt metabolism" to promote its primary metabolism and thus increase its residual in the body; the hormone feed additive commonly used in animal husbandry production mainly comprises sex hormone, growth hormone and other two kinds of growth hormone, is protein hormone secreted by anterior pituitary of animals, and promotes protein synthesis and fat decomposition in metabolism. Experiments show that the milk yield can be improved by 10% -20% by injecting the hormone into the dairy cows; sex hormones, which enhance the synthesis of proteins and thus the residue in the body.
In the prior art, sun Fu reports the influence of three seaweed feeds on the production performance, rumen environment and health status of cows. The kelp powder is added into the feed for feeding cows, so that the influence of the kelp powder as a feed raw material component on the production performance, rumen fermentation parameters and blood biochemical immunity indexes of the cows under two daily ration levels is explored. The test selects 20 Holstein cows with the healthy weight of 605+/-36.1 kg in middle and later lactation for 3 times, randomly equally divides 4 groups, and adopts a two-factor random feed feeding design (concentrate level 45%, 55% x kelp level 0% and 5%). In a 35 day single cycle study, cows were provided with an isoenergetic total mixed ration based on corn silage. The test results are shown in tables 1 and 2, and the results show that: the addition of the kelp powder has no obvious influence on milk yield, milk protein, lactose, total solids and the like in milk; the method has no remarkable influence on the immunoglobulin in the blood of the dairy cows, and the root cause is that the kelp powder contains some unknown impurities (heavy metal ions, bacteria, endotoxin pollutants and other impurities) harmful to the bodies of the dairy cows, so that the immunity of the dairy cows is inhibited, and meanwhile, the lactation performance and the milk quality of the dairy cows are not improved.
TABLE 1 influence of kelp powder added to the conventional daily ration on milk production performance of dairy cows
TABLE 2 influence of kelp powder added to the conventional daily ration on the cow immune index
Therefore, the method which is simple to operate, low in cost, high in safety, free of drug resistance and capable of effectively improving the immunity and the oxidation resistance of the dairy cows is obtained, and has great significance for obtaining high-quality pollution-free green dairy products and realizing better development of animal husbandry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the method which has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high safety, no drug resistance and capability of effectively improving the immunity and the oxidation resistance of the dairy cows.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the immunity and the antioxidant capacity of cows, comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing seaweed extract with feed;
s2, feeding the feed added with the seaweed extract in the step S1 to cows.
In the above method, further improved, in the step S1, the seaweed extract includes the following components:
in the above method, further improved, in the step S1, the seaweed extract is fed in an amount of 20 g.head -1 Tiantian (heaven) -1 40 g/head -1 Tiantian (heaven) -1 Mixing with feed.
In the above method, in a further improvement, in step S1, the feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the premix comprises the following components: vitamin A at a concentration of 500000IU/kg, vitamin D at a concentration of 600000IU/kg, vitamin E at a concentration of 2000IU/kg, mgSO at a concentration of 113.85g/kg 4 ·H 2 O, feSO with concentration of 2.69g/kg 4 ·7H 2 O, cuSO with concentration of 2.55g/kg 4 ·5H 2 O, mnSO with concentration of 9.54g/kg 4 ·H 2 ZnSO with concentration of 9.60g/kg 4 ·H 2 O, na with concentration of 0.030g/kg 2 SeO 3 At a concentration of 0.060g/kg KI, coCl at a concentration of 0.180g/kg 2 ·6H 2 O。
In the above method, further improved, in step S2, the cow is a holstein cow or a jean cow in the lactation stage.
In the method, in step S2, the dairy cows are fed by adopting a free feeding mode, and the dairy cows are fed once a day in the morning and evening for 30 days.
In the above method, in step S2, the daily residue is controlled to be 5% -10% of the feeding amount in the feeding process of the dairy cows.
In the above method, in a further improvement, in the step S2, the feeding process of the dairy cows further includes feeding the dairy cows with feed for 10 days before feeding the seaweed extract.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention provides a method for improving the immunity and the oxidation resistance of dairy cows, which comprises the steps of adding seaweed extract into feed and feeding the feed added with the seaweed extract to the dairy cows, wherein the seaweed extract contains rich mineral substances, trace elements, polysaccharides and other nutritional ingredients, so that the seaweed extract can improve the palatability of the feed and promote the increase of the feed intake of the dairy cows when being used for feeding the dairy cows; meanwhile, the synthesis of milk protein can be improved, the content of the milk protein in milk can be obviously improved, the milk yield of dairy cows and the content of milk fat, lactose and total dry matters in milk can be improved, the number of somatic cells and the content of urea nitrogen can be reduced, and then a high-quality pollution-free green milk product can be obtained; furthermore, the added seaweed extract can obviously increase the content of immunoglobulin IgA, igG and IgM in the blood of the dairy cows, and the immunoglobulin IgA, igG and IgM are important immune factors in the organism, and the increase of the content of the immune factors indicates that the immunity of the organism is enhanced; meanwhile, the seaweed extract contains seaweed polysaccharide with stronger antioxidant capacity and antibacterial effect, so that the seaweed extract can inhibit the generation of active oxygen free radicals in animals and promote the removal of the free radicals after being added, specifically, the seaweed extract can effectively reduce the content of malondialdehyde in blood, reduce the damage of oxidative stress to cells, and the seaweed extract can remarkably improve the content of superoxide dismutase in cow blood, wherein the superoxide dismutase is natural enemies of oxygen free radicals, is the first killer of oxygen free radicals in the bodies, is the basis of life health, and shows that the higher the content of the superoxide dismutase is, the stronger the antioxidant capacity of the bodies. Compared with the conventional additive, the seaweed extract is added into the feed, so that the feed can effectively improve the immunity and the antioxidation capability of the dairy cows when being used for feeding the dairy cows, and has important significance for improving the health of the dairy cows; meanwhile, the green dairy product with high quality and no pollution can be obtained, and the method has very important significance for realizing better development of animal husbandry and improving income of pastures. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high safety, no drug resistance and the like, and has high use value and good application prospect.
(2) Based on the problems of low energy value and the like in the existing additives, the method further optimizes the formula of the feed, on one hand, the feed intake of the dairy cows can be further increased by optimizing the formula of the feed, so that the use effect of the seaweed extract is further improved, on the other hand, microorganisms in the rumen of the dairy cows can be changed due to different daily ration (feed) components, and meanwhile, the change of the microorganisms in the rumen can greatly influence the physiological and biochemical reactions of the dairy cows, so that the method has an important promoting effect on further improving the milk quality and milk yield of the dairy cows.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with specific preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The materials and instruments used in the examples below are all commercially available. In the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the process used was a conventional process, the equipment used was a conventional equipment, and the data obtained were all averages of three or more tests.
Example 1
A method for improving the immunity and the antioxidant capacity of cows, comprising the following steps:
s1, according to the feeding amount of seaweed extract, the feeding amount is 30 g.head -1 Tiantian (heaven) -1 The seaweed extract was mixed with feed (the composition of the feed is shown in Table 3).
In this example, the seaweed extract comprises the following components:
s2, feeding the feed added with the seaweed extract in the step S1 to cows (Holstein cows in lactation stage with similar weight, body condition and milk yield and same fetus) specifically comprises the following steps: adopting single-column tethered feeding, feeding once each of 06:30 and 18:30 every day, ensuring that the daily residue amount is 5% -10% of the feeding amount, recording the feed intake, and freely drinking water. The test period is 40 days, wherein the first 10 days are the pre-feeding period, and only feed is fed; the following 30 days is the positive feeding period, and feeds with seaweed extract are fed.
TABLE 3 composition of feed in example 1
In this example, the premix contains the following components: vitamin A at a concentration of 500000IU/kg, vitamin D at a concentration of 600000IU/kg, vitamin E at a concentration of 2000IU/kg, mgSO at a concentration of 113.85g/kg 4 ·H 2 O, feSO with concentration of 2.69g/kg 4 ·7H 2 O, cuSO with concentration of 2.55g/kg 4 ·5H 2 O, mnSO with concentration of 9.54g/kg 4 ·H 2 ZnSO with concentration of 9.60g/kg 4 ·H 2 O, na with concentration of 0.030g/kg 2 SeO 3 KI at a concentration of 0.060g/kg, KI at a concentration of 0.180g/kgCoCl 2 ·6H 2 O。
Control group: the cows were fed with a feed without seaweed extract, except for the same conditions.
The effect of seaweed extract on the feed intake of cows is shown in Table 4. The results show that the feed intake of the dairy cows added with the seaweed extract group is higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), probably because seaweed contains rich mineral substances, trace elements, polysaccharides and other nutrient components, the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the increase of the feed intake is promoted.
TABLE 4 influence of different treatments on cow feed intake
| Project | Control group | Test group | P value |
| Feed intake (kg) | 23.29±0.484 b | 25.91±0.728 a | 0.0001 |
The effect of seaweed extract on milk yield and milk quality of cows is shown in Table 5. The results show that, compared with the control group, the seaweed extract can increase the milk yield of the dairy cows and the content of milk fat, lactose and total dry matter in the milk, and can significantly increase the content of milk protein (P < 0.05), and the number of somatic cells and the content of urea nitrogen are slightly lower than those of the control group, probably because seaweed contains rich mineral substances, trace elements, polysaccharides and other nutritional ingredients, the synthesis of milk protein can be increased, and thus the content of milk protein is promoted.
TABLE 5 influence of different treatments on milk yield and milk quality of cows
| Index (I) | Control group | Test group | P value |
| Milk yield (Kg) | 20.14±1.778 | 21.08±3.011 | 0.46 |
| Milk fat (%) | 3.73±0.974 | 4.16±1.372 | 0.48 |
| Milk protein (%) | 3.52±0.319 b | 3.90±0.267 a | 0.02 |
| Lactose (%) | 4.69±0.404 | 4.79±0.184 | 0.51 |
| Total dry matter (%) | 13.23±1.192 | 13.58±2.084 | 0.68 |
| Somatic cells (thousands/mL) | 227.25±68.063 | 187.75±72.963 | 0.69 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 11.40±1.337 | 10.55±1.517 | 0.25 |
The effect of adding seaweed extract to the ration on the immunity of the cows is shown in Table 6. As can be seen from Table 6, the addition of seaweed extract significantly increased the content of immunoglobulin IgA, igG, igM (P < 0.01) in the blood of cows, while the increase of the content of immunoglobulin IgA, igG and IgM, which are important immune factors in the body, indicates that the immunity of the body is enhanced. The test result of the invention shows that the seaweed extract is added into the daily ration to obviously improve the immunity of the dairy cows.
TABLE 6 Effect of seaweed extract on immunoglobulins in cow blood
The effect of adding seaweed extract to the ration on the immunity of the cows is shown in Table 7. As can be seen from Table 7, the addition of seaweed extract in daily ration significantly reduced the content of malondialdehyde in cow blood (P < 0.05), and significantly increased the content of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), and had no significant effect on the total antioxidant capacity in cow blood (P > 0.05). In the organism, the free radical acts on lipid to generate peroxidation, and the oxidation end product is malondialdehyde, which can cause cross-linking polymerization of living macromolecules such as protein, nucleic acid and the like, and has cytotoxicity. The test result of the invention shows that the seaweed extract added into the daily ration can effectively reduce the content of malondialdehyde in blood and reduce the damage to cells due to oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (Superoxide Dismutase abbreviated as SOD) is a novel enzyme preparation. It is extremely widely distributed in the biological world, almost ranging from animals to plants, even from humans to single-cell organisms, and its existence. SOD is regarded as the most magic enzyme in life science and technology, and garbage disposal in human body. SOD is a natural enemy of oxygen free radicals, is the first killer of oxygen free radicals in organisms, and is the basis of life health. Meanwhile, the seaweed extract is added into the daily ration to obviously improve the content of superoxide dismutase in the blood of the dairy cows, which shows that the invention can effectively improve the antioxidation capability of the dairy cows and has important effect on improving the health of the dairy cows.
TABLE 7 influence of different treatments on cow blood antioxidant index
The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high safety, no drug resistance and the like, can effectively improve the immunity and the antioxidation capability of the dairy cows, can obtain high-quality pollution-free green dairy products, and has very important significance for improving the health of the dairy cows, realizing better development of animal husbandry and improving income of pasturators.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the concept of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the immunity and the oxidation resistance of cows, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing seaweed extract with feed; the seaweed extract is 20 g/head according to the feeding amount -1 Tiantian (heaven) -1 40 g/head -1 Tiantian (heaven) -1 Mixing with feed;
s2, feeding cows with the feed added with the seaweed extract in the step S1;
the seaweed extract comprises the following components:
protein 3.5/g/100 g,
17.7 g g/100g of trehalose,
algal polysaccharide 9.1 g/100g,
sulfur 1.75X10 4 mg/kg，
Potassium 1.86×10 5 mg/kg，
Mannitol 1.43×10 5 mg/kg，
Iodine 52.9/mg/kg,
63.5 g/g g sodium alginate and the balance of amino acid.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
43.48 percent of corn silage,
6.52 percent of oat grass,
6.52 percent of alfalfa hay,
corn 22.61 percent,
12.17 percent of bran,
6.22 percent of bean pulp,
0.22 percent of calcium hydrophosphate,
0.96 percent of calcium carbonate,
0.22 percent of salt,
0.66 percent of baking soda,
0.05 percent of choline chloride,
potassium chloride 0.11%,
0.04 percent of magnesium chloride,
0.22% of premix;
the premix comprises the following components: the concentration is 500000IU/kg vitamin A, 600000/IU/kg vitamin D, 2000/IU/kg vitamin E, 113.85g/kg MgSO 4 •H 2 FeSO with O concentration of 2.69. 2.69g/kg 4 •7H 2 O, cuSO with concentration of 2.55. 2.55g/kg 4 •5H 2 MnSO with concentration of 9.54. 9.54g/kg 4 •H 2 ZnSO with concentration of 9.60g/kg 4 •H 2 O, na with concentration of 0.030g/kg 2 SeO 3 KI at a concentration of 0.060g/kg, coCl at a concentration of 0.180g/kg 2 •6H 2 O。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2 the cow is a holstein cow or a jean cow in lactation.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the dairy cows are fed by free feeding, once a day in the morning and evening for 30 days.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the daily amount of the milk cow is controlled to be 5-10% of the feeding amount.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the feeding of the cows further comprises feeding the cows with feed for 10 days before feeding the seaweed extract.
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| WO2001045724A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-28 | Texas Tech University | Seaweed supplement diet for enhancing immune response in mammals and poultry |
| US6342242B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2002-01-29 | Texas Tech University | Seaweed supplement diet for enhancing immune response in mammals and poultry |
| KR20100137887A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-31 | 조규성 | Assistance feed for domestic animals using loess and seaweed extracts and method for fabricating the same |
| CN101999546A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-04-06 | 北京资源亚太饲料科技有限公司 | High-yield partner feed for dairy cows and method for preparing same |
| CN107927357A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-20 | 内蒙古优然牧业有限责任公司 | A kind of cow feed additive and feeding method |
| JP2019170339A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-10 | 神協産業株式会社 | Feed containing seaweed extract |
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2020
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6342242B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2002-01-29 | Texas Tech University | Seaweed supplement diet for enhancing immune response in mammals and poultry |
| WO2001045724A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-28 | Texas Tech University | Seaweed supplement diet for enhancing immune response in mammals and poultry |
| KR20100137887A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-31 | 조규성 | Assistance feed for domestic animals using loess and seaweed extracts and method for fabricating the same |
| CN101999546A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-04-06 | 北京资源亚太饲料科技有限公司 | High-yield partner feed for dairy cows and method for preparing same |
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